This document describes a project to implement a wireless data monitoring system for a hybrid powered street light. The hybrid system uses solar panels and a wind turbine for power generation. An Arduino collects data from sensors on the solar voltage, wind turbine voltage, battery voltage, temperature, current, and wind turbine speed. This data is transmitted wirelessly using XBee modules. LabVIEW software displays the monitored parameters in real-time. The system aims to reduce costs, increase efficiency, and allow remote monitoring of the hybrid street light.

1. Wireless Data Monitoring of Hybrid
Powered Street Light
Project Advisor:
Dr Abid Karim
Group Members:
Akhtar Abbas (16151)
Nasir Abbas (14856)
Abdul Hamid (14848)
M Baqir Adil (15761)

2. Contents
1. Introduction
2. Hybrid Powered System
3. Wireless Data Monitoring
4. LabVIEW

3. Introduction
Our project consist of two parts:
o Hybrid Powered System
o Wireless Data Monitoring

4. Aims and Objectives
 Implement the wireless technology for data
(wind turbine speed, current, voltage,
temperature) monitoring of Hybrid Powered
System
 Display all the parameters on PC using
LabView

5. Features
 Reduce Cost
 Increase Efficiency
 Monitor Anywhere
 Environment Friendly
 Easily Recognize the Fault
 Easy to Install

6. Scope
 This hybrid powered System can be installed
in national high ways and desserts
 For the maximum Uninterrupted power
supply in industries
This system can be installed in remote areas
and deserts like Thar where the basic facility of
Electricity is not available

7. Hybrid System Parts Specification
 Solar Panel (Poly Crystalline)
Electrical Measurements: 24V × 2.5A = 60watt
Physical Measurements: 2ft × 1.5ft = 3sq.fts
 Wind Turbine
Wing size: 2ft × 1ft = 2sq.fts
Wings diameter: 1meter
 DC motor
24V 5A
 Wind turbine height
Pole + Wings: 10ft + 2ft = 12ft
Base: 1sq.meter

8. Solar Panel Specification
Power (W) 60(Watts)
Voltage(V) 24 (Volts)
Cell Type Polycrystalline
Length 30.2’’
Width 26.38’’
Depth 1.18’’
Weight 6.7 Kg

9. ROTOR DIAMETER 10 INCHES
WEIGHT
VOLTAGE
START UP WIND SPEED
RATED POWER
BLADES ( 8 )
BODY
HEIGHT
13 LB
24V
7MPH
60 WATT AT 10MPH
IRON
CAST ALUMUNIUM
10 FT

10. Components Type Specification No.
1 Street Lamp Cold-white LED 24W,12V 1
2 Battery Lead-Acid 40Ah,12V 1
3 DC Motor Permanent Magnet,
DC Motor
24V 1

11. Battery charging time formula
Charging time of battery = Battery Ah / Charging Current
T = Ah / A
In our Project we used 40Ah Lead-Acid battery therefore
charging current should be 10% of Ah rating of a battery.
i.e.
Charging current = 40Ah×(10/100)
= 4A
Charging time = 40Ah/4A
= 10hrs
Battery Charging Calculations

12. Battery Charging Calculations
Practically, this is noted that 40%of losses (in case of battery
charging)
Then,
40 × (40/100) = 16…….(40Ah × 40% of losses)
Therefore,
40 + 16 = 56 Ah (40 Ah + Losses)
Now charging time of battery = Ah/Charging Current
56/4 = 14hrs

13. Calculation
 Higher Cutoff
6*2.17
=13.02
o Lower Cutoff
6*1.75
=10.5

14. o Load (Street lights)
o Each Led light take 1W
o We used 24 LEDs array lamp
o Total Load Power = 24W
o Operating Voltage = 12V
Load

15. Charge Controller
Upper Cutoff (13.02V)
Protect from overcharging of battery
IRFZ44N power Mosfet
LM 339
7805 Voltage Regulator
 1N4007 Diode
2n2222 Transistor

17. Lower Cutoff (10.5V)
 To prevent deep discharging of battery
 Zener Diode 1N4732A (4.7V)

19. Wireless Data Monitoring
 Arduino Uno R3
 Transmitter Xbee 1mW
 Receiver Xbee 1mW
 Xbee Explorer Dongle
 Xbee Regulator
 Lab View

20. ARDUINO UNO R3
 Microcontroller board based on the ATmega328 .
 14 digital input/output pins (6 can be used as PWM outputs)
 6 analog inputs
 A 16 MHz Crystal
 A USB connection (ATmeaga 16U2 IC)
 A power jack
 An ICSP header
 A reset button.
 Connected to a computer with a USB cable
 Powered it with a AC-to-DC adapter

22. Pin Used In Ardiuno
Solar Panel Voltage A0
Temperature A1
Battery Voltage A3
Wind Turbine Voltage A4
Load Current A5
Wind Turbine Speed 3
Transmitter 1

23. Data Monitoring
 Voltage (Battery, Solar and Wind Turbine)
Current
 Temperature
 Speed of Wind Turbine

24. Devices
 Battery Voltage Voltage Divider
 Solar panel Voltage Voltage Divider
 Wind turbine Voltage Voltage Divider
 Temperature LM35
 Current ACS712
 Wind Turbine Speed Proximity Sensor

25. Voltage Measurement
 Voltage divider circuit
Battery Solar & Wind Turbine

26. Program
voltage_value=analogRead(voltage_pin);
voltage=((5*voltage_value)/1024)*7.593;
solar_value=analogRead(solar_pin);
solar_voltage=((5*solar_value)/1024)*16;
turbine_value=analogRead(turbine_pin);
turbine_voltage=((5*turbine_value)/1024)*16;
Serial.print(voltage);
Serial.print(solar_voltage);
Serial.print(turbine_voltage);

27. R1 = 120k
R2 = 18.2k
Vout = R2/(R1+R2)*Vin // 12V /24V
Vout = 1.58
Value1/Value2 = Value3 / Value4
5/1.58 = 1024/Value 4
Value4 = 323.7
=323.7
This is the Value at Voltage_Pin
Now ,
voltage_value=analogRead(voltage_pin);// =323.7
voltage=((5*voltage_value)/1024)*7.593; //
( 5*323)/1024*7.593
// =11.999905
Voltage Calculation Example

28. Current Measurement
 ACS 712
 Measured Load Current

29. Current Calculation Example
Let the current at the output of ACS712 is 0.5
The sensitivity of ACS712 is 100mv =0.1 V
0.5*0.1 = 0.05V
Value1 / Value2 = Value3 / Value4
5/0.05 = 1024/ Value4
Value4 = 10.24
Value4 = 512+10
= 523 is the value at current_pin
current_read=analogRead(current_pin); //=523
current_voltage=(5*current_read)/1024; // (5*523)/1024
//=2.553
current=(2.5-current_voltage)/0.1000; // (2.5 -2.553) / 0.1
// = 0.5013

30. Program
current_read=analogRead(current_pin);
current_voltage=(5*current_read)/1024;
current=(2.5-current_voltage)/0.1000;
Serial.println(current);

31. Temperature Measurement
LM35 IC

32. Program
lm35value=analogRead(lm35pin);
lm35voltage=(5*lm35value)/1024;
temp=lm35voltage/0.01;
Serial.print(temp);

33. Temperature Calculation Example
Let the temperature is 27 Degree Centigrade
The sensitivity of LM35 is 10mv =0.01 V
27*0.01 = 0.27V
Value1 / Value2 = Value3 / Value4
5/0.27 = 1024/ Value4
Value4 = 56
lm35value=analogRead(lm35pin); // = 56
lm35voltage=(5*lm35value)/1024; // (56*5)/1024
// = 0.2734
temp=lm35voltage/0.01; // = 0.2734 /0.01
// = 27.37 = 27

34. Speed Measurement
 Inductive Proximity Sensor

35. Program
durationH = pulseIn(pin, HIGH);
durationL = pulseIn(pin, LOW);
duration=durationH+durationL;
df=duration;
frequency=1000000/df;
f=frequency*0.87;
rpm=f*60;
Serial.println(rpm);

36. Xbee Wire Antenna
oPopular 2.4GHz module .
oModule no 802.15.4
oThese module allow a very simple & reliable
communication b/w microcontroller,
computer ,systems, really anything’s
with a serial port .
oIt support point to point & multi-points networks

37. Diagram

38. Features
Voltage 3.3V
Current 50mA
Output 1mW(0 dBm)
Sensitivity -92dBm
Range 300ft(100m)
Input ADC Pins 6 to 10

39. Features
 AT or API commands
 Transmit Current 45mA(@3.3V)
 Receiver Current 50mA(@3.3V)
 Operating Frequency 2.4GHz
 Operating Temperature -44-85C

40. Configuration
Transmitter (Slave)
 +++
 ATDI 3001
 ATMY 2
 ATDL 0
 ATDH 1
Receiver (Master)
 +++
 ATDI 3001
 ATMY 1
 ATDL 0
 ATDH 0

41. XBEE Regulator
 Used to maintain constant voltage
level.
 Used to regulate one or more AC
or DC voltages.
 Communication is Serial pass
through to XBee module.

42. XBEE Explorer Dongle
 Connected to a USB port
 Worked with all XBee
modules
 It uses an FTDI FT231X
USB-to-Serial chip

43. What is LabVIEW?
 LabVIEW=Laboratory Virtual Instrumentation
Engineering Workbench
 Leader in instrument control, hardware interfaces,
data analysis, user-interface, measurement, and
automation

44. What is LabVIEW?
 LabVIEW programs are called VIs - Virutal
Instruments
 They include the Front Panel and the Block
Diagram
 Front Panel is like a driver’s cockpit: controls
inputs, shows outputs, and connects to the engine
- User Interface
 Block Diagram is like the engine of a car: allows
it to function and connects everything together -
Behind the Scenes

45. Front Panel and Block Diagram
Front Panel Block Diagram
Contains graphical source codeBuilt with controls (inputs) and
indicators (outputs)

47. VISA Configure Serial Port: VI
o VISA resource name specifies
the resource to be opened.
o baud rate is the rate of
transmission. The default is 9600.
o data bits is the number of bits in
the incoming data. The default
value is 8.
o VISA resource name out is a
copy of the VISA resource name
that VISA functions return.
o error out contains error
information. This output provides
standard error out functionality.

48. VISA Set I/O Buffer Size Function
o VISA resource name specifies the resource to be opened.
o mask designates which buffer size to set.
16 I/O Receive Buffer
32 I/O Transmit Buffer
48 I/O Receive and Transmit Buffer
o size designates the size of the I/O buffer in bytes.
o error in describes error conditions that occur before this node
runs.

50. VISA Clear Function
 VISA resource name specifies the resource to be
opened.
 error in describes error conditions that occur before
this node runs.
 VISA resource name out is a copy of the VISA
resource name that VISA functions return.
 error out contains error information.

51. Stacked Sequence Structure
 The Stacked Sequence structure, shown as follows, stacks each
frame so you see only one frame at a time and executes frame 0,
then frame 1, and so on until the last frame executes.
 Consists of one or more sub diagrams, or frames, that execute
sequentially.
 Use the Stacked Sequence structure to ensure a sub diagram
executes before or after another sub diagram.

52. While Loop
 Repeats the sub diagram inside it until the
conditional terminal.
 Right-click the conditional terminal and
select Stop if True or Continue if True
from the shortcut menu.
 The While Loop always executes at least
once

53. Case Structure
 A case structure is a LabVIEW primitive that
dynamically selects which parts of code should
execute.
 Has one or more sub diagrams, or cases, exactly one of
which executes when the structure executes.

54. VISA Read Function
 Reads the specified number of bytes from the device or
interface specified by VISA resource name and
returns the data in read buffer.
 byte count is the number of bytes to be read.
 read buffer contains the data read from the device.
 return count contains the number of bytes actually
read.

55. Match Regular Expression Function
 input string specifies the input string the function searches.
This string cannot contain null characters.
 regular expression specifies the pattern you want to search
for in input string. If the function does not find a match,
whole match and after match contain empty strings,
before match contains the entire input string, offset past
match returns –1, and all submatches outputs return empty
strings.
 whole match contains all the characters that match the
expression entered in regular expression.

56. Fract/Exp String To Number Function
 String can be a string, a cluster of strings, an array of
strings, or an array of clusters of strings.
 Number can be a number, a cluster, an array of
numbers, or an array of clusters, depending on the
structure of string.

59. Advantages
 Good for building piecewise: using small amounts of
code in a larger code
 Visually programming is easier to learn
 Better than MATLAB for controlling the interfaces
between hardware
 Easy to create the user-interface at the same time

60. Thanks for your concentrationThanks for your concentration