Windows 1.0 was the first version of the Windows operating system released by Microsoft in 1985. It provided a graphical user interface and mouse support, allowing users to run multiple applications at the same time. However, Windows 1.0 had limited functionality and could only display windows in a tiled format rather than overlapping. It required other software like MS-DOS to function and saw limited adoption. Windows 1.0 was later superseded by improved versions like Windows 2.0 and newer releases from Microsoft.
Introduction to Computer Operating Systems class presentation at Tallahassee Community College Fall Semester 2009 on the evolution of the Windows Operating System from the beginning to present day
Windows 1.0 was the first version of the Windows operating system released by Microsoft in 1985. It provided a graphical user interface and mouse support, allowing users to run multiple applications at the same time. However, Windows 1.0 could only display windows in a tiled format and had limited functionality compared to later versions. It required at least 384KB of RAM, a graphics card, and was built on top of the MS-DOS operating system. Windows 1.0 helped drive adoption of the graphical user interface on PCs and was superseded by Windows 2.0 in 1987.
Microsoft Corporation is a multinational technology company headquartered in Redmond, Washington. It develops, manufactures, licenses, and supports software products including the Windows operating system, Office productivity suite, and other software. Some of Microsoft's most successful products have been Windows, Office, and Xbox. Microsoft was founded in 1975 by Bill Gates and Paul Allen and has grown to become one of the largest and most valuable companies in the world.
Windows 1.0 was Microsoft's first graphical operating environment released in 1985. It provided a new way for users to interact with applications through a mouse and graphical user interface rather than typing commands. Windows 1.0 offered limited multitasking of MS-DOS programs and introduced an application programming interface and framework to pave the way for future Windows versions. It was superseded by Windows 2.0 in 1987.
Windows 1.0 was the first version of the Windows operating system released by Microsoft in 1985. It provided a graphical user interface and ability to run multiple applications at once on PCs, representing Microsoft's initial attempt to implement a GUI-based multi-tasking environment. However, Windows 1.0 had limited functionality and relied on MS-DOS. It was succeeded by Windows 2.0 in 1987.
The document discusses various operating systems including:
1. LynxOS, a Unix-like real-time operating system produced by LynuxWorks for use in embedded systems.
2. Various versions of Microsoft Windows operating systems from Windows 1.0 to Windows 7.
3. Other operating systems mentioned include OS/2, NetWare, TSOS, and SUSE Linux.
Windows 2.0 was the successor to Windows 1.0 and was released in 1987. It allowed application windows to overlap and introduced features like minimize and maximize. It also integrated the control panel and provided support for VGA graphics. New versions of Microsoft Word and Excel were also released for Windows 2.0. Although third party support increased, most developers still maintained DOS versions of their applications since Windows users were still a minority.
The document compares Windows, Linux, and Macintosh operating systems. It provides introductions and descriptions of each OS, including their origins, features, and technical specifications. It discusses advantages and disadvantages of Linux and Windows, and provides a comparative view of Windows vs Macintosh. The summary compares Linux and Macintosh, noting Linux has more customizability and security while Macintosh is easier to use but more expensive.
Introduction to Computer Operating Systems class presentation at Tallahassee Community College Fall Semester 2009 on the evolution of the Windows Operating System from the beginning to present day
Windows 1.0 was the first version of the Windows operating system released by Microsoft in 1985. It provided a graphical user interface and mouse support, allowing users to run multiple applications at the same time. However, Windows 1.0 could only display windows in a tiled format and had limited functionality compared to later versions. It required at least 384KB of RAM, a graphics card, and was built on top of the MS-DOS operating system. Windows 1.0 helped drive adoption of the graphical user interface on PCs and was superseded by Windows 2.0 in 1987.
Microsoft Corporation is a multinational technology company headquartered in Redmond, Washington. It develops, manufactures, licenses, and supports software products including the Windows operating system, Office productivity suite, and other software. Some of Microsoft's most successful products have been Windows, Office, and Xbox. Microsoft was founded in 1975 by Bill Gates and Paul Allen and has grown to become one of the largest and most valuable companies in the world.
Windows 1.0 was Microsoft's first graphical operating environment released in 1985. It provided a new way for users to interact with applications through a mouse and graphical user interface rather than typing commands. Windows 1.0 offered limited multitasking of MS-DOS programs and introduced an application programming interface and framework to pave the way for future Windows versions. It was superseded by Windows 2.0 in 1987.
Windows 1.0 was the first version of the Windows operating system released by Microsoft in 1985. It provided a graphical user interface and ability to run multiple applications at once on PCs, representing Microsoft's initial attempt to implement a GUI-based multi-tasking environment. However, Windows 1.0 had limited functionality and relied on MS-DOS. It was succeeded by Windows 2.0 in 1987.
The document discusses various operating systems including:
1. LynxOS, a Unix-like real-time operating system produced by LynuxWorks for use in embedded systems.
2. Various versions of Microsoft Windows operating systems from Windows 1.0 to Windows 7.
3. Other operating systems mentioned include OS/2, NetWare, TSOS, and SUSE Linux.
Windows 2.0 was the successor to Windows 1.0 and was released in 1987. It allowed application windows to overlap and introduced features like minimize and maximize. It also integrated the control panel and provided support for VGA graphics. New versions of Microsoft Word and Excel were also released for Windows 2.0. Although third party support increased, most developers still maintained DOS versions of their applications since Windows users were still a minority.
The document compares Windows, Linux, and Macintosh operating systems. It provides introductions and descriptions of each OS, including their origins, features, and technical specifications. It discusses advantages and disadvantages of Linux and Windows, and provides a comparative view of Windows vs Macintosh. The summary compares Linux and Macintosh, noting Linux has more customizability and security while Macintosh is easier to use but more expensive.
Windows 2.0 was a 16-bit graphical user interface released by Microsoft in October 1987 that allowed overlapping application windows. It introduced more keyboard shortcuts and terms like "Minimize" and "Maximize." Subsequent versions of Windows 2.0 improved support for Intel processors, memory management, and number of supported printers. Windows 2.11, the final version, added driver updates before being superseded by Windows 3.0 in May 1990.
LynxOS is a Unix-like real-time operating system used in embedded systems for applications like avionics, aerospace, military, and industrial process control. MicroC/OS-II is a low-cost priority-based pre-emptive real-time multitasking operating system kernel written in C and intended for use in embedded systems. Windows 2000 succeeded Windows NT 4.0 as a business desktop and server operating system from Microsoft, being the final release to display "Windows NT" in the name.
The document provides information about operating systems including their definition, common features, and examples. It defines an operating system as software that manages hardware resources and allows other programs to execute. Common features described are process management, memory management, interrupts, and graphical user interfaces. Examples of operating systems discussed include Windows 98, Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 7, and Linux.
The document provides information about operating systems including their definition, common features, and examples. It defines an operating system as software that manages hardware resources and allows applications and users to control the computer. Common features of operating systems discussed are process management, memory management, interrupts, and graphical user interfaces. Examples of popular operating systems described are Windows 98, Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 7, and Linux.
Windows was developed by Microsoft to overcome limitations of MS-DOS. Key versions included Windows 3.0, 95, NT, XP, Vista, 7, 8, and the current Windows 10. Microsoft Windows came to dominate the PC market. It provides features like program execution, interfaces, input/output handling, error handling, and memory and process management. Each version built upon the previous and introduced new capabilities.
The document compares the operating systems MacOS, Windows OS, and ChromeOS. It discusses their purposes and designs, key advantages and disadvantages, and market share. MacOS is designed by Apple for power and integration with Apple hardware. Windows OS is designed by Microsoft and dominates the PC market. ChromeOS is designed by Google to be simple and cloud-based. The document provides details on the origins, versions, and characteristics of each operating system. It concludes that MacOS is best for power users, Windows OS for developers, and ChromeOS for basic, simple use.
The document discusses several network operating systems including:
- The Cambridge Ring, an experimental local area network developed at Cambridge University in the 1970s-1980s.
- CSIRONET, the CSIRO computing network in Australia that evolved from interactive terminals to over 250 terminals and 50 computers scattered across Australia.
- CTOS, the Convergent Technologies Operating System, was a modular, message-passing, multi-process operating system with innovative features like long file names and hierarchical security.
- Data ONTAP, NetApp's software that creates a storage grid architecture by pooling resources across NAS arrays through a single global namespace.
Microsoft Windows is a series of graphical operating systems produced by Microsoft starting in 1985. It was created as an add-on to MS-DOS in response to growing interest in graphical user interfaces (GUIs). Windows became a de facto standard operating system for individual users and corporations due to its inclusion of common business applications like Microsoft Office. The original Windows versions introduced many GUI concepts pioneered at Xerox PARC and in the Apple Lisa and Macintosh computers. The Windows family now includes Windows 95, 98, 2000, XP, Vista, and 7, with each new version improving the user interface and adding new features.
Internet Explorer is Microsoft's web browser that was first released in 1995 and is included with Windows operating systems. It had over 90% market share but has lost share to other browsers like Firefox, Chrome, and Safari. Firefox was created by Mozilla as an experimental browser and had several major version releases between 2004-2011. Google Chrome was first released in 2008 and uses the WebKit layout engine. It has gained over 10% market share. Opera is a full-featured browser available free that was first released in 1996 and runs on multiple operating systems.
The document discusses several popular operating systems including Microsoft Windows, Mac OS, and Android. It provides an overview of each major version of Windows from Windows 2000 to Windows 8.1, describing their key new features and how they upgraded previous versions. It also briefly outlines Mac OS X and Android, noting that Mac OS is designed for Apple computers while Android was developed by Google for mobile devices and some laptops.
Windows 10 is Microsoft's latest operating system that aims to unify Windows across PCs, phones, tablets and other devices. It introduces new features like the return of the Start menu, multiple virtual desktops, and Cortana for desktops. Windows 10 also focuses on providing a consistent experience across different device types and input methods. It will be released in late 2015 and offers different versions for home, pro, and enterprise users.
Browser Wars Internet Explorer versus NetscapeNanor
The document discusses the "Browser Wars" between Microsoft and Netscape in the late 1990s and early 2000s. It analyzes why Microsoft's Internet Explorer web browser became the dominant standard, monopolizing the market. While unlikely to change in the short term, the monopoly may not continue indefinitely. New competitors like Google Chrome and an increasingly tech-savvy user base supporting browsers like Mozilla Firefox could undermine Internet Explorer's dominance over the next decade. However, Microsoft remains entrenched as the dominant player in both the operating system and web browser markets for now.
Windows 10 is Microsoft's latest operating system, released in 2015. It introduced a universal application architecture allowing apps to run across devices. The user interface was revised to transition between mouse and touch interfaces. New features include a virtual desktop system, improved window management, the Edge browser, and enhanced security. Microsoft plans to support Windows 10 with ongoing updates and improvements to keep personal and business versions in sync.
Minecraft is the second most successful video game of all time behind Tetris. It was created by Markus Persson and has sold over 121 million copies across all platforms, making it the biggest selling PC game. Minecraft is a sandbox game where players explore, mine, and build in a virtual Lego-like world. It was initially self-published but its popularity led to releases on multiple platforms and its acquisition by Microsoft for $2.5 billion. Minecraft's simple yet engaging gameplay and ability to reach audiences across platforms through digital distribution has led to its commercial success on a global scale.
DOS was a dominant operating system for IBM PC compatible computers between 1981-1995. It included operating systems like MS-DOS, PC-DOS, and DR-DOS. MS-DOS was the most commonly used and was the main OS for PCs during the 1980s-mid 1990s. It was eventually replaced by graphical operating systems like Windows. DOS used text-based interfaces and commands and had limitations like no multi-tasking support. While rarely used today, it played an important role in personal computing history.
Battle Of Standards Netscape Versus MicrosoftEMBS2007
This document summarizes the "browser wars" between Microsoft and Netscape in the late 1990s. It discusses how Microsoft was able to monopolize the web browser standard through its control of the PC operating system. It also considers whether this monopoly is likely to continue given rising competitors like Google Chrome and an increasingly educated user base. Both advantages and disadvantages of the browser monopoly are outlined.
Windows 1.0 was the first version of the Windows operating system released by Microsoft in 1985. It provided a graphical user interface and ability to run multiple applications at once on PCs, representing Microsoft's initial attempt to implement a GUI on the platform. However, Windows 1.0 had limited functionality and required DOS to run. It was succeeded by Windows 2.0 in 1987.
Windows 2.0 was the successor to Windows 1.0 and was released in 1987. It allowed application windows to overlap and introduced terminology like "Minimize" and "Maximize". It also included more features like VGA graphics and integrated the control panel. Third party developer support increased with Windows 2.0. It was succeeded by Windows 3.0 in 1990.
The document discusses various computer operating systems including their definitions, types, examples, and brief histories. It covers operating systems such as DOS, Windows NT, Windows 9x, Windows XP, Mac OS, and others, providing basic information about each one such as what they are, when they were developed, and their key features and purposes.
The document discusses several operating systems including:
- LynxOS, a Unix-like real-time operating system used in embedded systems
- MicroC/OS-II, a low-cost priority-based pre-emptive real-time multitasking operating system kernel for microprocessors used in embedded systems
- Xenix, a version of Unix licensed by Microsoft from AT&T and later distributed by SCO
- Novell's NetWare, a network operating system that initially used cooperative multitasking and was superseded by Open Enterprise Server
- SUSE, a major retail operating system produced by Novell
Windows 2.0 was a 16-bit graphical user interface released by Microsoft in October 1987 that allowed overlapping application windows. It introduced more keyboard shortcuts and terms like "Minimize" and "Maximize." Subsequent versions of Windows 2.0 improved support for Intel processors, memory management, and number of supported printers. Windows 2.11, the final version, added driver updates before being superseded by Windows 3.0 in May 1990.
LynxOS is a Unix-like real-time operating system used in embedded systems for applications like avionics, aerospace, military, and industrial process control. MicroC/OS-II is a low-cost priority-based pre-emptive real-time multitasking operating system kernel written in C and intended for use in embedded systems. Windows 2000 succeeded Windows NT 4.0 as a business desktop and server operating system from Microsoft, being the final release to display "Windows NT" in the name.
The document provides information about operating systems including their definition, common features, and examples. It defines an operating system as software that manages hardware resources and allows other programs to execute. Common features described are process management, memory management, interrupts, and graphical user interfaces. Examples of operating systems discussed include Windows 98, Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 7, and Linux.
The document provides information about operating systems including their definition, common features, and examples. It defines an operating system as software that manages hardware resources and allows applications and users to control the computer. Common features of operating systems discussed are process management, memory management, interrupts, and graphical user interfaces. Examples of popular operating systems described are Windows 98, Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 7, and Linux.
Windows was developed by Microsoft to overcome limitations of MS-DOS. Key versions included Windows 3.0, 95, NT, XP, Vista, 7, 8, and the current Windows 10. Microsoft Windows came to dominate the PC market. It provides features like program execution, interfaces, input/output handling, error handling, and memory and process management. Each version built upon the previous and introduced new capabilities.
The document compares the operating systems MacOS, Windows OS, and ChromeOS. It discusses their purposes and designs, key advantages and disadvantages, and market share. MacOS is designed by Apple for power and integration with Apple hardware. Windows OS is designed by Microsoft and dominates the PC market. ChromeOS is designed by Google to be simple and cloud-based. The document provides details on the origins, versions, and characteristics of each operating system. It concludes that MacOS is best for power users, Windows OS for developers, and ChromeOS for basic, simple use.
The document discusses several network operating systems including:
- The Cambridge Ring, an experimental local area network developed at Cambridge University in the 1970s-1980s.
- CSIRONET, the CSIRO computing network in Australia that evolved from interactive terminals to over 250 terminals and 50 computers scattered across Australia.
- CTOS, the Convergent Technologies Operating System, was a modular, message-passing, multi-process operating system with innovative features like long file names and hierarchical security.
- Data ONTAP, NetApp's software that creates a storage grid architecture by pooling resources across NAS arrays through a single global namespace.
Microsoft Windows is a series of graphical operating systems produced by Microsoft starting in 1985. It was created as an add-on to MS-DOS in response to growing interest in graphical user interfaces (GUIs). Windows became a de facto standard operating system for individual users and corporations due to its inclusion of common business applications like Microsoft Office. The original Windows versions introduced many GUI concepts pioneered at Xerox PARC and in the Apple Lisa and Macintosh computers. The Windows family now includes Windows 95, 98, 2000, XP, Vista, and 7, with each new version improving the user interface and adding new features.
Internet Explorer is Microsoft's web browser that was first released in 1995 and is included with Windows operating systems. It had over 90% market share but has lost share to other browsers like Firefox, Chrome, and Safari. Firefox was created by Mozilla as an experimental browser and had several major version releases between 2004-2011. Google Chrome was first released in 2008 and uses the WebKit layout engine. It has gained over 10% market share. Opera is a full-featured browser available free that was first released in 1996 and runs on multiple operating systems.
The document discusses several popular operating systems including Microsoft Windows, Mac OS, and Android. It provides an overview of each major version of Windows from Windows 2000 to Windows 8.1, describing their key new features and how they upgraded previous versions. It also briefly outlines Mac OS X and Android, noting that Mac OS is designed for Apple computers while Android was developed by Google for mobile devices and some laptops.
Windows 10 is Microsoft's latest operating system that aims to unify Windows across PCs, phones, tablets and other devices. It introduces new features like the return of the Start menu, multiple virtual desktops, and Cortana for desktops. Windows 10 also focuses on providing a consistent experience across different device types and input methods. It will be released in late 2015 and offers different versions for home, pro, and enterprise users.
Browser Wars Internet Explorer versus NetscapeNanor
The document discusses the "Browser Wars" between Microsoft and Netscape in the late 1990s and early 2000s. It analyzes why Microsoft's Internet Explorer web browser became the dominant standard, monopolizing the market. While unlikely to change in the short term, the monopoly may not continue indefinitely. New competitors like Google Chrome and an increasingly tech-savvy user base supporting browsers like Mozilla Firefox could undermine Internet Explorer's dominance over the next decade. However, Microsoft remains entrenched as the dominant player in both the operating system and web browser markets for now.
Windows 10 is Microsoft's latest operating system, released in 2015. It introduced a universal application architecture allowing apps to run across devices. The user interface was revised to transition between mouse and touch interfaces. New features include a virtual desktop system, improved window management, the Edge browser, and enhanced security. Microsoft plans to support Windows 10 with ongoing updates and improvements to keep personal and business versions in sync.
Minecraft is the second most successful video game of all time behind Tetris. It was created by Markus Persson and has sold over 121 million copies across all platforms, making it the biggest selling PC game. Minecraft is a sandbox game where players explore, mine, and build in a virtual Lego-like world. It was initially self-published but its popularity led to releases on multiple platforms and its acquisition by Microsoft for $2.5 billion. Minecraft's simple yet engaging gameplay and ability to reach audiences across platforms through digital distribution has led to its commercial success on a global scale.
DOS was a dominant operating system for IBM PC compatible computers between 1981-1995. It included operating systems like MS-DOS, PC-DOS, and DR-DOS. MS-DOS was the most commonly used and was the main OS for PCs during the 1980s-mid 1990s. It was eventually replaced by graphical operating systems like Windows. DOS used text-based interfaces and commands and had limitations like no multi-tasking support. While rarely used today, it played an important role in personal computing history.
Battle Of Standards Netscape Versus MicrosoftEMBS2007
This document summarizes the "browser wars" between Microsoft and Netscape in the late 1990s. It discusses how Microsoft was able to monopolize the web browser standard through its control of the PC operating system. It also considers whether this monopoly is likely to continue given rising competitors like Google Chrome and an increasingly educated user base. Both advantages and disadvantages of the browser monopoly are outlined.
Windows 1.0 was the first version of the Windows operating system released by Microsoft in 1985. It provided a graphical user interface and ability to run multiple applications at once on PCs, representing Microsoft's initial attempt to implement a GUI on the platform. However, Windows 1.0 had limited functionality and required DOS to run. It was succeeded by Windows 2.0 in 1987.
Windows 2.0 was the successor to Windows 1.0 and was released in 1987. It allowed application windows to overlap and introduced terminology like "Minimize" and "Maximize". It also included more features like VGA graphics and integrated the control panel. Third party developer support increased with Windows 2.0. It was succeeded by Windows 3.0 in 1990.
The document discusses various computer operating systems including their definitions, types, examples, and brief histories. It covers operating systems such as DOS, Windows NT, Windows 9x, Windows XP, Mac OS, and others, providing basic information about each one such as what they are, when they were developed, and their key features and purposes.
The document discusses several operating systems including:
- LynxOS, a Unix-like real-time operating system used in embedded systems
- MicroC/OS-II, a low-cost priority-based pre-emptive real-time multitasking operating system kernel for microprocessors used in embedded systems
- Xenix, a version of Unix licensed by Microsoft from AT&T and later distributed by SCO
- Novell's NetWare, a network operating system that initially used cooperative multitasking and was superseded by Open Enterprise Server
- SUSE, a major retail operating system produced by Novell
An operating system is software that acts as an interface between the user and computer hardware, managing tasks like file management, memory usage, running programs, and connecting to peripheral devices. The document discusses several common operating systems including Windows, MacOS, Linux, Unix, MS-DOS, Android, and iOS. For each OS, it provides a brief history and overview and lists some of their key features.
System software is creating a modern world Kawsar Ahmed
System software is a type of computer program that runs a computer's hardware and allows it to run application programs. The most well-known example of system software is the operating system, which manages other programs and resources. Windows, developed by Microsoft, is a powerful system software that provides a graphical user interface and platform to run applications. It was first released in 1985 and has continued evolving through various versions to its current form, with over 1 billion users worldwide.
In a one page report explain what the reasons are for the current stan.docxmckerliejonelle
In a one page report explain what the reasons are for the current standing for microsoft windows?
Solution
Windows was developed with a view of providing a user interface. The project was started with the name \"Interface Manager\". Initially, Windows 1.0 achieved very little success as compared to Apple Macintosh. The earliest version had various software like Paint, Write, and Calendar. In Windows 1.0, all windows are tiled. Modal dialog boxes are allowed to perform above other windows.
Windows 2.0 was released in 1987 and has become prevalent because of its several developments to the consumer interface and memory management. Windows 2.03 altered the OS from tiled windows to overlapping windows. This change led Apple Computer filing a suit against Microsoft asserting violation on Apple\'s copyrights. Windows 2.0 also hosted more refined keyboard shortcuts.
This led to rapid acceptance of windows in offices and for personal use. A key feature about windows was the process of continual development. Before launching a version of windows, the framework for other windows was developed. This led Microsoft to launch newer and advanced versions of Windows within a few years\' interval.
Windows 3.0 revolutionized the environment of OS due to virtual memory that enabled multitasking in windows over DOS. In August 1993, Windows for Workgroups, a special version with integrated peer-to-peer networking features and a version number of 3.11, was released.
The next major developments in Windows were Windows 9x series which consisted of Windows 95, Windows 98 and Windows NT. These versions of Windows were accompanied by MS office and Internet explorer which led to rapid proliferation of this software’s.
Although, Windows Vista could not gain enough popularity as the earlier versions did, it was rapidly replaced by Windows 7 which was a huge success. In the recent past, Windows 7 has been upgraded and 8 launched. These versions have been developed so as to capitalize upon the developments in hardware.
To sum all, Windows has been the market leader due to innovations and continuous efforts to maintain its competitive edge.
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Microsoft Windows has evolved over 29 years from Windows 1 to Windows 10, with major changes to the user interface and functionality at each new version. Some key developments include the introduction of the Start menu and button in Windows 95, touch and tablet optimizations in Windows 8, and a return to the familiar desktop interface along with new "universal apps" in Windows 10. Windows 10 aims to unify Microsoft's platforms by running the same software across PCs, tablets, phones and other devices.
The document provides information about Windows operating system:
- Windows is a popular graphical user interface (GUI) operating system developed by Microsoft that allows for multitasking. It uses both a keyboard and mouse for input.
- Many versions of Windows have been released since 1983, including Windows 1, 2, 3, 95, 98, 2000, 8.1, and 10, with each new version adding features and improvements.
- Key features of Windows include the desktop, taskbar, control panel, start menu, and various applications like the task manager and command prompt. The GUI allows users to interact visually through elements like windows, icons, menus, and buttons.
Microsoft Corporation developed the Windows operating system. Windows is a series of graphical interface operating systems that came to dominate the personal computer market. The most recent versions are Windows 8.1 for personal computers, Windows Phone 8 for mobile devices, Windows Server 2012 R2 for server computers, and Windows Embedded 8 for embedded devices.
Microsoft Windows has seen major versions because of its first launch in
1985. Around 29 years later, Windows seems very different but somehow
familiar with components that have lasted the test of time.
For More Details Please Visit Our Website.
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Microsoft Windows is a family of graphical operating systems developed by Microsoft. Active versions include Windows NT, Windows Embedded, and Windows Phone. The first version, Windows 1.0, launched in 1985 to compete with Apple. Windows 3.0, released in 1990, achieved commercial success. Subsequent major versions included Windows 95, 98, XP, Vista, 7, 8, 8.1, and 10, with each release adding new features, updating the interface and addressing issues from prior versions. The most recent, Windows 10, launched in 2015 and incorporated elements from both Windows and Windows Phone to provide a unified experience across devices.
An operating system is software that allows other programs to run by communicating with hardware. Major operating systems include Windows, Android, iOS, Mac, and BlackBerry. Microsoft Windows has seen fourteen major versions since its initial release in 1985. Each new version of Windows introduced improvements to the user interface and additional features while maintaining compatibility with older software and hardware.
The document provides a history of Microsoft operating systems from 1985 to present day, including:
- MS-DOS (Microsoft Disk Operating System), the precursor to Windows operating systems
- Early Windows versions 1.0 through 3.1 that introduced graphical user interfaces
- Major Windows releases such as Windows 95, 98, ME, NT, 2000, XP, 7, 8, and 10
- Related Microsoft operating systems including Windows Server, Windows Home Server, Windows CE, Windows Mobile, and Windows Phone.
The document provides information about several popular operating systems including Unix, Apple/Macintosh OS, Microsoft Windows, and Linux. It discusses the history and timeline of developments for each OS, highlighting things like when they were created, major releases, and new features. For example, it notes that Unix was created in 1969, the Macintosh OS popularized the graphical user interface in 1984, and Windows 7 improved on Vista with faster loading, an enhanced taskbar and touchscreen support. The document aims to educate the reader about the origins and evolution of these influential operating systems.
Introduction to Windows 10 with Installation Process
By - Ruchika Deepak Sawant
From - Muchhala Polytechnic, Thane
Third Year Diploma in Computer Engineering (2020-2021)
The document discusses the history and features of various Windows operating systems, including:
- Windows was developed by Microsoft to overcome limitations of MS-DOS and the first successful version was Windows 3.0 in 1990. Common versions included Windows 95, 98, 2000, XP, Vista, 7, 8, and 8.1.
- Early systems included MS-DOS, Windows 95 which included a DOS emulator, and Windows NT which did not use DOS.
- Windows 2000 was the last to use the "Windows NT" designation before being succeeded by Windows XP for desktops and Windows Server 2003 for servers.
- Newer versions like Windows 7, 8, and 8.1 focused on improvements
Windows 1.0, the first version of Microsoft Windows, was limited due to legal restrictions from Apple and did not allow overlapping windows. Windows 2.0 included support for Microsoft Office applications and saw slightly more popularity. Windows 3.0 was the first truly popular version thanks to improved graphics capabilities and support for multi-tasking applications. Windows is a family of operating systems from Microsoft used in personal computers, businesses, servers, and mobile devices in 16, 32 and 64-bit versions that incorporates applications like Internet Explorer.
Part 2 report on human behavior in organization managing occupational stres...Mannilou Pascua
This document discusses stress in the workplace and its effects. It describes how personal factors like personality and self-esteem can influence an individual's stress levels. Stress can lead to various health issues if excessive, like heart attacks, strokes, and depression. The document outlines common stress symptoms and strategies organizations and individuals can use to prevent and manage stress, such as empowering workers, relaxing exercises, and stress reduction techniques.
Part 1 report on human behavior in organization managing occupational stres...Mannilou Pascua
This document discusses stress experienced by school principals. It begins with an introduction and lists interviews conducted with three principals. It then defines stress and discusses its physical and psychological effects. Various forms of stress are outlined, including acute, episodic acute, and chronic stress. Common causes of stress are listed, such as work overload, personal factors, job characteristics, and lack of control. The document provides an overview of stress experienced by principals in their roles.
Managing occupational stress by mannilou m. pascua part 2Mannilou Pascua
This document discusses common stress symptoms and effects of stress on the body, mood, and behavior. It also provides strategies for managing stress, including identifying stressors, building relationships, exercise, relaxation, getting help from professionals, and controlling situations, pacing yourself, opening up to others, relaxation techniques, getting better sleep, talking to others, stress reduction methods, having fun, and optimizing nutrition. Stress that is left unchecked can contribute to health problems like high blood pressure, heart disease, obesity, and diabetes.
Managing occupational stress by mannilou m. pascua part 1Mannilou Pascua
This document discusses occupational stress and its management. It defines stress as pressure felt in life that can be harmful if it interferes with daily tasks or health. Stress comes in different forms like acute, episodic acute, and chronic stress depending on duration and severity. Common causes of work stress include work overload, job insecurity, family and financial problems, and lack of control. Stress can affect job performance depending on an individual's stress threshold and perceived control. High stress levels over long periods can negatively impact health and potentially lead to serious conditions like heart attacks.
The document discusses knowledge-based systems and artificial neural networks. It describes an early expert system developed in 1980 to approve credit applications. It also outlines the key components of expert systems, including the knowledge base and rules. Neural networks are discussed as being inspired by the human brain and capable of learning in a similar way. The multi-layer perception model is presented as a way to break tasks into smaller subtasks performed concurrently.
This document provides an overview of knowledge-based systems and expert systems, including:
1. It describes the prototyping process used to develop expert systems, including defining the problem, specifying rules, testing prototypes, and maintaining the system.
2. It provides an example of a financial expert system called SRR that was developed to assist with credit approvals and explains its knowledge base and user interface.
3. It discusses advantages and disadvantages of expert systems, including enabling consideration of more alternatives and applying expert-level logic, but that they cannot handle inconsistent knowledge or apply judgment.
This document provides an overview of knowledge-based systems and expert systems, including their development, components, advantages, disadvantages, examples, and historical context. It discusses the prototyping process for developing expert systems, common system components like rules, interfaces, and knowledge bases. Examples are provided of early successful systems like XCON and challenges that led to failures. Neural networks are introduced as a technique to improve system learning over time.
The document summarizes an expert system developed for credit approval at a Fortune 500 company. The system was developed by interviewing credit managers and having a senior credit manager serve as the expert. The knowledge base included rules reflecting credit approval logic and a mathematical model for determining credit limits. The system would ask credit analysts pairwise questions to determine credit ratings. It would then output the credit decision and explanation. While early expert systems had mixed success, following best practices in development can help ensure success, such as aligning with business needs and understanding the problem domain.
Maruthi Prithivirajan, Head of ASEAN & IN Solution Architecture, Neo4j
Get an inside look at the latest Neo4j innovations that enable relationship-driven intelligence at scale. Learn more about the newest cloud integrations and product enhancements that make Neo4j an essential choice for developers building apps with interconnected data and generative AI.
Threats to mobile devices are more prevalent and increasing in scope and complexity. Users of mobile devices desire to take full advantage of the features
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While the dev and ops silo continues to crumble….many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
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Presented by Vladimir Iglovikov:
- https://www.linkedin.com/in/iglovikov/
- https://x.com/viglovikov
- https://www.instagram.com/ternaus/
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People: The contributors and community that have supported Albumentations.
Metrics: The success indicators such as downloads, daily active users, GitHub stars, and financial contributions.
Challenges: The hurdles in monetizing open-source projects and measuring user engagement.
Development Practices: Best practices for creating, maintaining, and scaling open-source libraries, including code hygiene, CI/CD, and fast iteration.
Community Building: Strategies for making adoption easy, iterating quickly, and fostering a vibrant, engaged community.
Marketing: Both online and offline marketing tactics, focusing on real, impactful interactions and collaborations.
Mental Health: Maintaining balance and not feeling pressured by user demands.
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Explore more about Albumentations and join the community at:
GitHub: https://github.com/albumentations-team/albumentations
Website: https://albumentations.ai/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/100504475
Twitter: https://x.com/albumentations
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1. Republic of the philippines
laguna state polytechnic univeRsity
siniloan (host) campus
siniloan, laguna
2. WindoWs 1.0
Releases
Release date: 1985-11-20; 23 License Microsoft EULA
years ago (info)
WindoWs 1.0
Current version: 1.04 (1987-04-08)
Part of the Microsoft Windows family
(info)
Developer : Microsoft
Source model: Closed source
4. Windows 1.0 is a 16-bit graphical operating environment that was released on 20 November 1985. It was
Microsoft's first attempt to implement a multi-tasking graphical user interface-based operating environment on the
PC platform. Windows 1.0 was the very first version of Windows launched. It was succeeded by Windows 2.0.
•
histoRy of micRosoft :
WindoWs 1.0
The box art of Windows 1.01, the first version Microsoft released to the public. The same box art was used
in the subsequent minor releases. 1985: Windows 1.0
The first version of Windows provided a new software environment for developing and running applications
that use bitmap displays and mouse pointing devices. Before Windows, PC users relied on the MS-DOS® method
of typing commands at the C prompt (C:). With Windows, users moved a mouse to point and click their way
through tasks, such as starting applications. In addition, Windows users could switch among several concurrently
running applications. The product included a set of desktop applications, including the MS-DOS file management
program, a calendar, card file, notepad, calculator, clock, and telecommunications programs, which helped users
manage day-to-day activities.
This early Interface Manager product preceded the Windows 1.0 GUI.
The first release version is actually numbered 1.01.
Version 1.02, released in May 1986, was international and had editions in several European languages.
Version 1.03, released in August 1986, was for the US- and international market, with enhancements making it
consistent with the international release. It included drivers for European keyboards and additional screen and
printer drivers. Version 1.04, released in April 1987, added support for the VGA graphics adapters of the new IBM
PS/2 computers. At the same time, Microsoft and IBM announced the introduction of OS/2 and its graphical OS/2
Presentation Manager, which were supposed to ultimately replace both MS-DOS and Windows. Windows 1.0 was
superseded in November 1987, with the release of Windows 2.0. Windows 1.0 was supported by Microsoft for
sixteen years, until 31 December 2001. Windows 1.0 was one of the longest supported operating systems of the
Microsoft Windows family of operating systems.
Windows 1.0
5. Microsoft believed that for personal computers to become mainstream, they had to be easier to use, which
argued for a graphical user interface (GUI) instead of DOS's command-line interface. With that in mind,
development on the inaugural version of Windows started in 1983, with the final product released to market in
November, 1985.
Windows 1.0—the first version of Windows
Windows was originally going to be called Interface Manager, and was nothing more than a graphical shell that sat
on top of the existing DOS operating system. While DOS was a keyboard-driven, text-based operating system,
Windows supported the click-and-drag operation of a mouse. That said, individual windows could only be tiled
onscreen, and could not be stacked or overlaid on top of each other. Unlike today's overblown and overstuffed
operating systems, this first version of Windows came with only a few rudimentary utilities. There was the Windows
Paint graphics program, Windows Write text editor, an appointment calendar, a card filer, a notepad, and a clock.
Windows 1.0 also included the Control Panel, which was used for configuring various features of the environment,
and the MS-DOS Executive, a crude predecessor to today's Windows Explorer file manager. Not surprisingly,
Windows 1.0 was not wildly successful. There wasn't a lot of demand for a graphical user interface for the text-
based applications then available for the IBM PC. Just as important, this first version of Windows required more
power than machines of that era could deliver and had little impact on the market.
time machine tRavel thRough micRosoft’s WindoWs 1.0 - 25 yeaRs
completed
Soumya Sinha
November 11th, 2008
Just more than two decades ago, a young man from Washington had some things to say at New York's
Helmsley Palace Hotel. He claimed that, powered by a unique graphical interface, his new OS, (coincidentally
named Windows!) would be running 90% of IBM systems from the next year. of course nobody believed him then.
But that person had it in him to make others believe what he wished. The product is Windows operating system,
that now runs in 90% of the computers worldwide. The person is, with no surprises, Mr. Microsoft, Bill Gates.
Today is the 25th anniversary of the announcement of Windows 1.0. A simple tribute from us remembering
that event which gave us a new vision of operating systems and much more.
Windows :
The Microsoft Windows operating system is the most popular choice and currently has a stronghold over
the market. This platform has made significant advancements from version 1.0 all the way to the new Vista system.
The Windows system is highly compatible, feature-rich and has a much larger selection of software applications.
Unlike the Linux kernel, Windows is proprietary software and tends to be more expensive than others. Despite
widespread usage, Windows has been heavily associated with the term "insecure" as a number of security
vulnerabilities have made it the most targeted system. Frequently exploited by hackers and malicious code writers,
it is recommended that any Windows operating system with internet access be protected by some form of security
software. Although the XP version is still popular among users, support for this system will conclude in 2009 as
more emphasis will be placed on developing the Vista series.
6. Installation media:
Windows 1.0 was only available on floppy disks. The user had to have DOS to install. It was the same with
all versions of Windows up to and including Windows 95, which was still available on diskettes (but no longer
required DOS to be installed first).
Competition:
The history of Windows dates back to September 1981, when the project named "Interface Manager" was
started. It was first presented to the public in 10 November 1983, renamed to "Microsoft Windows"; the two years of
delay before release led to charges that it was "vaporware". The initially announced version of Windows had
features so much resembling the Macintosh interface that Microsoft had to change many of them: overlapping
windows, although supported by the GUI engine, weren't allowed for exactly this reason. The announcement of
Windows' imminent arrival in 1985 probably did not help the sales of VisiCorp's VisiOn environment which debuted
at the same time. However, even when finally released, Windows 1.0 aroused little interest.
Another GUI for the PC platform at the time was GEM. It used more aspects from the Macintosh GUI, for
example the trash can concept (which Microsoft would later employ in future Windows releases) and more
generally the desktop interaction. GEM was eventually used as the standard GUI for the Atari's ST range of 68k-
based computers, which were sometimes referred to as Jackintoshes (the company being run by Jack Tramiel).
GEM's resemblance to the Macintosh OS later caused legal trouble for the manufacturer, Digital Research, who
was obliged to seriously cripple the desktop's appearance and functionality (applications were not affected).GEM
was not multitasking, so users had to close one program in order to run another one. Collections of related
programs, like GEM Draw, had tricky File menu items like Close (to Edit) to facilitate switching.
An alternative multitasker released shortly before was DESQview, a successor of IBM's failed TopView
from 1984. It did not have graphical capabilities initially, but is able to multitask DOS applications in windows as
long as they are well-behaved or have a specially written "loader" to fix them on the fly.Windows 1.0 market share
grew very slowly, as there was no killer app (market-dominating software) that required the graphical shell. The
killer apps at the time were generally only available on the Apple Macintosh platform (this statement was true even
of Microsoft's Mac-OS-only Microsoft Office).The Macintosh remained the platform of choice especially for high-end
graphics and desktop publishing (DTP). Although Aldus PageMaker shipped in January 1987 with a Windows
executable, it remained but a curiosity due to poor support relative to the Mac version, and a steep $795 price tag.
PC-based DTP remained out of the reach of most Windows users until the release of $99 Serif PagePlus
1.0 in 1991. PagePlus won considerable praise from the prestigious Seybold Reports, not only for being the first
sub-$100 DTP package capable of CMYK color separations but also because Serif backed up their customers with
free 24-hour support. Nearly every desktop publishing magazine shootout review would include both programs side
by side despite the price differences. In the real world however, the lack of a Mac version meant few prepress
service bureaus would accept PC data or PC PostScript files. Corel Draw 1.0, Micrographix Picture Publisher, Paint
Shop Pro, and Cool Edit also provided a Windows-only focus and provided capabilities previously only found in
expensive applications. Other shell programs for MS-DOS include Norton Commander, PC Tools, XTree. DOS
Shell, and DOS Menu (in MS-DOS version 4.0). These applications attempted to be organizational and menu-
driven tools, and did not try at all to be a 'desktop' shell.
Features:
Windows 1.0 offers limited multitasking of existing MS-DOS programs and concentrates on creating an
interaction paradigm (cf. message loop), an execution model and a stable API for native programs for the future.
Due to Microsoft's extensive support for backward compatibility, it is not only possible to execute Windows 1.0
binary programs on current versions of Windows to a large extent, but also to recompile their source code into an
equally functional "modern" application with just limited modifications.
7. Windows 1.0 is often regarded as a "front-end the MS-DOS operating system", a description which has
also been applied to subsequent versions of Windows. Windows 1.0 is an MS-DOS program. Windows 1.0
programs can call MS-DOS functions, and GUI programs are run from .exe files just like MS-DOS programs.
However, Windows .exe files had their own "new executable" (NE) file format, which only Windows could process
and which, for example, allowed demand-loading of code and data. Applications were supposed to handle memory
only through Windows' own memory management system, which implemented a software-based virtual memory
scheme allowing for applications larger than available RAM.
Because graphics support in MS-DOS is extremely limited, MS-DOS applications have to go to the bare
hardware (or sometimes just to the BIOS) to get work done. Therefore, Windows 1.0 included original device
drivers for video cards, a mouse, keyboards, printers and serial communications, and applications were supposed
to only invoke APIs built upon these drivers. However, this extended to other APIs such as file system management
functions. In this sense, Windows 1.0 was designed to be extended into a full-fledged operating system, rather than
being just a graphics environment used by applications. Indeed, Windows 1.0 is a "DOS front-end" and cannot
operate without a DOS environment (it uses, for example, the file-handling functions provided by DOS.) The level of
replacement increases in subsequent versions.
The system requirements for Windows 1.0 constituted CGA/Hercules/EGA (listed as "Monochrome or color
monitor"), MS-DOS 3.1, 384K RAM (512KB recommended), and 2 double-sided disk drives or a hard drive.
Windows 1.0 runs a shell program known as MS-DOS Executive. Other supplied programs are Calculator,
Calendar, Cardfile, Clipboard viewer, Clock, Control Panel, Notepad, Paint, Reversi, Terminal, and Write.Windows
1.0 does not allow overlapping windows. Instead all windows are tiled. Only dialog boxes can appear over other
windows.
Windows 1.0 executables, while having the same .exe extension and initial file header as MS-DOS
programs, do not contain the so-called MS-DOS stub which prints the "This program requires Microsoft Windows"
message and exits when the program is run outside of Windows. Instead, the file header was formatted in such a
way as to make DOS reject the executable with a "program too large to fit in memory" error message.From the
beginning, Windows was intended to multitask programs (although this originally only applied to native applications
and for many versions the multitasking was co-operative, rather than preemptive).Originally Windows was designed
to have the pull-up menus at the bottom of windows, as it was common with the DOS programs of the time;
however, this was changed before the first release.
The Microsoft and Apple Comparison:
Microsoft and Apple are two powerhouses when it comes to the computer related and consumer electronics
industry. Both of these companies have many similarities and differences with each other, and they both went
corporate within several years of each other. Let’s start with some information about Apple. The corporation was
formerly known as Apple Computer, Inc. but changed the name to Apple Inc. eventually. Apple focuses on
manufacturing and designing consumer electronics and closely related software products. They are best known for
their personal computer, the Macintosh, the media player known as the iPod, and recently the iPhone. All of these
products have received great reviews and are only getting better with time and technology advances. From Warner
Brother’s maps to having GPS on your phone, technology has definitely made leaps and bounds in the recent
years.
Along the lines of software, Apple products include the iLife suite of multimedia and creativity software,
Final Cut Studio relating to audio and film industry, iTunes media browser, and most popular the Mac OS X
operating system. Currently there are over two hundred retail stores in seven different countries as well as an
online store where practically every Apple product that is currently being made is sold. The iTunes store is also
available which has recently expanded their depths into selling. They now provide music, television programs,
music videos, podcasts, audiobooks, and iPod games which can be downloaded to your Mac OS X or Windows
and then put onto your iPhone or iPod touch.
8. The company was established in 1976, and has been growing ever since. The annual sales in its fiscal year
2007 were 24.01 billion dollars. A great achievement for the company that continues to grow. Now onto the
Microsoft Corporation. This company is an American multinational computer technology corporation that develops,
manufactures, licenses, and supports a great range of software products for computer devices. They are best
known for the Microsoft Windows operating system as well as the Microsoft Office series.
Bill Gates became the richest man in the world through this company, and although he no longer holds that
spot, being the second richest man in the world is nothing to be upset about. Recently Bill Gates has thrown in the
towel and stepped down from Microsoft Corporation to further pursue his charity organization. One of the visions
that he had for Microsoft was to have a workstation running Microsoft software in every office desk and home.
Microsoft has been so successful over the years that due to the release of an initial public offering in the stock
market, Microsoft made 12,000 millionaires and four billionaires from their employees. Microsoft is also very
popular in several other markets too, such as the mouse and home entertainment products. These consist of the
Zune, MSN TV, Xbox, and Xbox 360. With all of these streams of revenue coming in for Microsoft, they have made
strides to purchase the powerhouse search engine Yahoo. Unfortunately, their offer of 44.6 billion dollars did not
satisfy Yahoo.
As you can see, Microsoft and Zune have had huge strides throughout the years. There is definitely some
intense competition between the two especially for the computer market with all of the Apple commercials using
Microsoft as a dummy. That's pretty brave of Apple to be throwing punches at the big guy in the computer industry,
but it seems to be working.
You will definitely be seeing these two corporations continue to dominate when it comes to releasing
software and hardware that uses the newest and most advanced technology. Both of these companies specialize in
certain hardware and software products of their own, but it seems that for every line that Microsoft has, Apple has
too and vice versa.
About Macintosh:
Advantages, disadvantages and criticisms:
The Macintosh differs in several ways from other x86-based personal computers, especially those that run
the Windows operating system. Apple directly sub-contracts hardware production to Asian OEM laptop
manufacturers such as Asus, maintaining a high degree of control over the end product. In contrast, Microsoft
supplies its software to original equipment manufacturers (OEM's), including Dell, HP/Compaq, and Lenovo, who
make the hardware using a wider range of components. Apple's less-common operating system means that a much
smaller range of third-party software is available, although popular applications, such as Microsoft Office, are
available in most areas. However, following the release of Intel-based Mac, third-party virtualization software such
as Parallels Desktop, VMware Fusion, and VirtualBox began to emerge, allowing users to run much of the
previously Windows-only software on a Mac. Apple also released a public beta version of Boot Camp, which allows
users to run alternative operating systems natively on any Intel-based Mac.
The Macintosh operating system enjoys a near-absence of the types of malware and spyware that affect
Microsoft Windows users. This is largely due to both the UNIX roots of Mac OS X and the smaller user base. Both
of these factors drive malware creators to develop for Microsoft Windows. However, worms as well as potential
vulnerabilities were noted in February 2006, which led some industry analysts and anti-virus companies to issue
warnings that Apple's Mac OS X is not immune to viruses, as is commonly misconceived. Regardless, there has
not been an outbreak of Mac malware, and Apple routinely issues security updates for its software.
Apple has a history of innovation demonstrated, in part, by strong development of software upgrades,
which would often leave older programs obsolete. Rather than waiting for developers to upgrade their applications,
Apple included interim provisions for older applications. When Apple switched from the Motorola 68000 series of
9. processors to PowerPC processors, they included an emulator, so that 68000 code could run on PowerPC.
Likewise, when Apple switched from Mac OS 9 to Mac OS X, Classic allowed users to run Mac OS 9 applications
under Mac OS X. Again, during the Apple Intel transition, Apple introduced Rosetta, an emulator which allows Intel
based Macs to run PowerPC code. Early in its history, up until the PCI-based Power Macs, Macintosh hardware
was notoriously closed. Connectors were often proprietary, requiring specialized peripherals or adapter cables.
However, since the introduction of the original iMac in 1998, Apple computers have used standard USB
and FireWire connections (among others), which allow users a greatly expanded choice of peripherals. Originally,
the hardware architecture was so closely tied to the Mac OS operating system that it was impossible to boot an
alternative operating system; the most common workaround, used even by Apple for A/UX, was to boot into Mac
OS and then to hand over control to a program that took over the system and acted as a boot loader. This
technique was no longer necessary with the introduction of Open Firmware-based PCI Macs, though it was formerly
used for convenience on many Old World ROM systems due to bugs in the firmware implementation. Now, Mac
hardware boots directly from Open Firmware or EFI, and Macs are no longer limited to running just the Mac OS.
Intel-based Macs are capable of running Windows XP, Windows Vista, Linux, and other x86 based operating
systems.
Apple was initially reluctant to embrace mice with multiple buttons and scroll wheels. This had been done for
historical reasons, as when the mouse was first invented, surveys showed that users would be confused by multiple
buttons. Although Microsoft's IntelliMouse, featuring two buttons and a scroll wheel, was introduced in 1995 to great
success, Macs did not natively support multiple buttons until Mac OS X arrived in 2001. In 2005, Apple capitulated
and introduced the Mighty Mouse, which looked like a traditional one-button mouse, but actually had four buttons
and a scroll ball. Apple's only remaining one-button mouse was replaced in 2006 by the wireless Mighty Mouse.
Market share and user demographics
Since the introduction of the Macintosh, Apple has struggled to gain a significant share of the personal
computer market. At first, the Macintosh 128K suffered from a dearth of available software compared to IBM's PC,
resulting in disappointing sales in 1984 and 1985. It took 74 days for 50,000 units to sell.
By 1997, there were more than 20 million Mac users, compared to an installed base of around 340 million Windows
PCs. Statistics from late 2003 indicate that Apple had 2.06 percent of the desktop share in the United States, which
had increased to 2.88 percent by Q4 2004. As of October 2006, research firms IDC and Gartner reported that
Apple's market share in the U.S. had increased to about 6 percent. Figures from December 2006, showing a
market share around 6 percent (IDC) and 6.1 percent (Gartner) are based on a more than 30 percent increase in
unit sale from 2005 to 2006. The installed base of Mac computers is hard to determine, with numbers ranging from
3 percent (estimated in 2004) to 16 percent (estimated in 2005). Three ways of measuring market share are: i) by
browser hits, ii) by sales, and iii) by installed base. If using the browser metric, Mac market share has increased
substantially in 2007. However, results for market share measured as a percentage of current sales provides
different results than when market share is measured by installed base.
Whether the size of the Mac’s market share and installed base is actually relevant, and to whom, is a hotly
debated issue. Industry pundits have often called attention to the Mac’s relatively small market share to predict
Apple's impending doom, particularly in the early and mid 1990s when the company’s future seemed bleakest.
Others argue that market share is the wrong way to judge the Mac’s success. Apple has positioned the Mac as a
higher-end personal computer, and so it may be misleading to compare it to a low-budget PC. Because the overall
market for personal computers has grown rapidly, the Mac’s increasing sales numbers are effectively swallowed by
the industry’s numbers as a whole. Apple’s small market share, then, gives the false impression that fewer people
are using Macs than did (for example) ten years ago. Others try to de-emphasize market share, citing that it's rarely
brought up in other industries. Regardless of the Mac’s market share, Apple has remained profitable since Steve
Jobs’ return and the company’s subsequent reorganization. Notably, a report published in the first quarter of 2008
found that Apple had a 14% market share in the personal computer market in the US, including 66% of all
computers over $1,000. Market research indicates that Apple draws its customer base from a higher-income
demographic than the mainstream personal computer market.
10. Microsoft vs Apple: The Battle Heats Up
Even after years of rivalry, it appears the battle between Microsoft and Apple is getting more fierce. We look at how
the two sides are competing in sales, price, advertising and even environmental credentials.
Sales :
Windows remains by the far the dominant operating system, but Apple’s systems are on the rise. In the
third quarter of 2008, 9.5% of computers sold in the US were produced by Apple, up almost a third compared with
one year earlier.That proportion looks set to continue rising according to a recent study showing that, among
people intending to buy a computer in the next 90 days, 29% of laptops buyers planned to get a Mac, with the
figure at 26% for desktop buyers. It’s worth noting that this figure has fallen slightly over recent months after
generally rising consistently since early 2006. Because Apple produces its own hardware (and doesn’t license it to
other manufacturers), buyers usually have to take into consideration both the operating system they prefer and the
specifications of computer they want. The only place the two systems directly compete is with a company called
Psystar which offers custom-built machines running the operating system (Windows, Apple’s Leopard, or Linux) of
your choice. However, Apple is suing Psystar for allegedly using Leopard without permission. As the case is
currently going through mediation, any figures showing which system Psystar customers preferred may be kept
secret for now.The chances are that Apple may continue to gain market share, but its growth will eventually be
limited by the number of large organisations which either prefer Windows or are too wary of taking on a rival
system.
Price:
Recent publicity efforts have made it very clear Apple doesn’t want to get into a price war. Though it’s
entry-level MacBook laptop just dropped below the thousand dollar mark for the first time, there weren’t any major
price cuts in the new Apple range, which surprised some analysts who expected such a move to combat the tough
economy.Microsoft has recently dubbed Macs as carrying an “Apple Tax”, an increased cost both in the purchase
price and the lack of flexibility and choice compared with the much wider range of PCs.Apple seems comfortable
with positioning itself as a premium brand, believing customers will pay higher prices for what they perceive to be a
better quality product. There’s also an extent to which the Apple brand itself comes across as desirable and thus
worth a higher price.
Advertising:
Apple has conducted a long-standing advertising campaign starring a stuffy, nerdy character (symbolising
the PC) and a trendier, more personable character (symbolising the Mac). The campaign regularly compares traits
of the two computer systems, portraying the Mac as more impressive. Microsoft has never directly mentioned its
rivals in advertising before, but recently launched a campaign based around the phrase “I’m a PC”. While not
mentioning Macs, it’s a very clear nod towards the Apple adverts and acts as an attempt to give a more positive
image for the PC (and thus the Windows system).Apple has now responded with an even more direct attack: the
latest instalments of “I’m a Mac, I’m a PC” outright state that Microsoft spends money on advertising Vista rather
than improving the system, and that Microsoft is intentionally avoiding mentioning the word ‘Vista’ in its advertising
because the brand is so tainted.It’ll be interesting to see how Microsoft responds and whether, for example, it
directly refers to the so-called ‘Apple Tax’.
Environment :
As interest in climate change and other environmental issues grows, many corporate firms have become
concerned with their ‘green image’. Campaign group Greenpeace runs an annual study of tech firms rating them for
their recycling efforts, their actions to tackle climate change, and their use of toxic chemicals in production.In the
2008 study, Apple rated 4.1 out of 10, while Microsoft scored just 2.2. The difference appeared to be Apple’s efforts
to reduce toxic content, and the energy efficiency of some of its computers. However, critics of Greenpeace say the
11. study is flawed because it marks down companies which don’t provide certain details of their work, even if they
might actually be acting responsibly. It’s also difficult to compare the two operating systems as the vast majority of
Windows computers are made by independent firms.Apple is certainly winning the publicity war, though. A recent
study found consumers perceived it as the most environmentally friendly brand, ahead of several PC manufacturers
which actually earned higher ratings.
List of Macintosh software published by Microsoft:
This is a list of Apple Macintosh software published by Microsoft. Prior to 1994, Microsoft had an extensive
range of actively developed Macintosh software. In 1994, Microsoft stopped development of most of its Mac
applications until a new version of Office in 1998, after the creation of the new Microsoft Macintosh Business Unit
the year prior.
Pre-Microsoft Macintosh Business Unit (1984-1998)
• Microsoft BASIC Version 1.0 - Version • Microsoft Cinemania Version '94, '95,
3.0 (1984-1986) '96, '97 (1994-1996)
• Microsoft Multiplan (1984) • Microsoft Creative Writer (1994)
• Microsoft Excel Version 1.0 (1985), 1.5 • Microsoft Dangerous Creatures (1994)
(1988), 2.2 (1989), 3.0 (1990), 4.0 • Microsoft Fine Artist (1994)
(1992), 5.0 (1993) • Microsoft Musical Instruments (1994)
• Microsoft Word Version 1.0 (1985), 3.0 • Microsoft Arcade (1995)
(1987), 4.0 (1989), 5.x (1991), 6.0 • Microsoft Dogs (1995)
(1993) • Microsoft Encarta Version '95 (1995)
• Microsoft Works Versions 1.0 to 4.0 • The Magical School Bus (1995)
(1986-1994) o Explores Bugs
• Microsoft Flight Simulator Version 1.0 o Explores in the Age of the
(1986), 4.0 (1991)[2] Dinosaurs
• Microsoft PowerPoint Version 1.0 o Explores inside the Earth
(1987), 2.0 (1988), 3.0 (1992), 4.0 o Explores the Human Body
(1994)
o Explores the Ocean
• QuickBASIC Version 1.0 (1988)
o Explores the Rainforest
• Microsoft Project Versions 1.0 to 4.0
o Explores the Solar System
(1991-1993)
• Microsoft Visual C++ Pro Cross
• Microsoft Art Gallery (1993)
Development for Mac 4.0 (1995)
• Microsoft Dinosaurs (1993)
• Microsoft Wine Guide (1995)
• Microsoft FoxPro 2 Version 2.6 (1994)
• Internet Explorer for Mac Versions
• Microsoft Bookshelf Version 4.0 (1994)
2.0-5.2.3 (1996-2003)
• Ghostwriter Mysteries for Creative
• Microsoft Music Central 96 (1996)
Writer: The Case of the Blue Makva
• Microsoft Music Central 97 (1996)
(1994)
• Microsoft Visual FoxPro Version 3.0
(1996)
Post Microsoft Macintosh Business Unit • Microsoft Outlook (1998-2001)
(1997-Present) • Microsoft Excel Version 8.0 (1998), 9.0
(2000), 10 (2001), 11 (2004), 12 (2008)
Software in this list is not necessarily written by • Microsoft PowerPoint Version 8.0
Macintosh Business Unit, however was/is (1998), 9.0 (2000), 10.0 (2002), 11.0
published by Microsoft Corp. (2004), 12.0 (2008)
• Microsoft Word Version 8.0 (1998), 9.0
• Age of Empires (2000), 10 (2001), 11 (2004), 12 (2008)
• Microsoft FrontPage (1998) • Microsoft Entourage (2001-2008)
12. • Windows Media Player Version 6.3
(2000), 7.0.1 (2001), 7.1 (2002), 9.0
(2003)