The document discusses extinct and endangered animals. Cave lions and mammoths became extinct due to climate change reducing their habitats. Asiatic lions are endangered due to habitat loss and hunting, while Royal Bengal tigers are endangered because of habitat loss from urbanization and poaching for traditional medicine. Conservation efforts include legal protections, protected areas, financial assistance for protection programs, and strengthening enforcement against poaching.

2. Wildlife conservation

3. CAVE LION
DODO
TASMANIAN WOLF
MAMMOTH
QUAGGA

4. CONTENTS-:
 EXTINCT ANIMALS.
 CAUSES FOR EXTINCTION OF CAVE LION.
 CAUSES FOR EXTINCTION OF MAMMOTH.
 ENDANGERED ANIMALS.
 CAUSES FOR ENDANGERED ASIATIC LION.
 CAUSES FOR ENDANGERED ROYAL BENGAL TIGER.
 STEPS FOR CONSERVATION OF WILDLIFE

5. IMPORTANCE OF WILDLIFE
COVSERVATION
 Since all organisms depend on one another in nature.
 The survival of wildlife is ultimately linked to our own
survival.
 Study of wildlife is of scientific importance.
 Wild animals exhibits enormous variety and most of
them are very beautiful.
 Viewing of wild animals in zoos is of economic
importance.

6. CAVE LIONS BECOMING
EXTINCT
 Cave lions probably became extinct across Europe and Asia 14,000 years
ago because a warmer climate drastically reduced the availability of
their favourite hunting arenas, say scientists.
 Around 1000 years later, the lion also went extinct in Alaska and the
Yukon in north-west Canada.
 The researchers say as the climate warmed around 14,700 years ago,
forests and shrubs steadily replaced the open, steppe-like environment
that had dominated for thousands of years, reducing the amount of
clear space for the lion to hunt in.
 'We can't say exactly why cave lions went extinct, but what we can say
is that there's a definite correlation between climate change,
vegetation change and the lion's extinction a few hundred years later,'
says Professor Tony Stuart from Durham University, who led the
research.

7. MAMMOTH BECOMING
EXTINCT
 The woolly mammoth (M. primigenius) was the last species of the genus.
 Most populations of the woolly mammoth in North America and Eurasia,
as well as all the Columbian mammoths (M. columbi) in North America,
died out around the time of the last glacial retreat, as part of a mass
extinction of megafauna in northern Eurasia and the Americas.
 Until recently, the last woolly mammoths were generally assumed to
have vanished from Europe and southern Siberia about 12,000 years
ago, but new findings show some were still present there about 10,000
years ago.
 Slightly later, the woolly mammoths also disappeared from continental
northern Siberia. A small population survived on St.
 Paul Island, Alaska, up until 3750 BC, and the small mammoths of
Wrangel Island survived until 1650 BC.
 Recent research of sediments in Alaska indicates mammoths survived on
the American mainland until 10,000 years ago.

8.  A definitive explanation for their extinction has yet to be agreed upon.
 The warming trend (Holocene) that occurred 12,000 years ago, accompanied
by a glacial retreat and rising sea levels, has been suggested as a
contributing factor.
 Forests replaced open woodlands and grasslands across the continent.
 The available habitat may have been reduced for some megafaunal species,
such as the mammoth.
 However, such climate changes were nothing new; numerous very similar
warming episodes had occurred previously within the ice age of the last
several million years without producing comparable megafaunal extinctions, so
climate alone is unlikely to have played a decisive role.The spread of
advanced human hunters through northern Eurasia and the Americas around
the time of the extinctions, however, was a new development, and thus
might have contributed significantly.

9. CONGOLESE FOREST GIRAFFE ROYAL BENGAL TIGER
ASIATIC LION BALD EAGLE DHOLE

10. ASIATIC LIONS BEING
ENDANGERED
 The lion (Panthera leo) are endangerd for several reasons.
Number one, habitat loss (prey is driven out, therefore they
are driven out). Continuing with that, many can't find
suitable prey and therefore have to catch cattle. Then,
farmers kill them to protect the cattle. All because of
habitat loss.
 Often they are hunted, so they don't find good mates,
which gives them the option of inbreeding. The Asiatic lion
(P.l.persica) lives nearly entirely in India and is down to a
small population in the Gir forest. The Barbary lion
(P.l.leo) was overly hunted and is now extinct in the wild,
although captives may still exist. That is how they're
endangered and how they're endangered.

11. ROYAL BENGAL TIGER BEING
ENDANGERED
 Royal Bengal tigers are the Kings of their domain in the jungle. But,
human activities have endangered animals Bengal tiger. Their population
has reduced considerably in recent times.
 Bengal tigers have been a national symbol of many Empires in India. The
Pashupati seal of the Indus valley civilization had a figure of tiger on it.
Later, it became the symbol of Chola Empire in South India. Today, it
is the national animal of India.
 India has two-third of the total population of Bengal tigers. They are
also found in the Sunderbans in Bangladesh, in the terai region of
Himalayas in Nepal, and Bhutan. But, rapid development activities of
man have made Bengal tigers endangered.

12.  The pugmarks of tigers used for census have indicated that only
3,000 Bengal tigers are alive in the forests. A survey of tigers
conducted in 2010, estimates that only 1167-1657 tigers are in
India, 200-419 tigers in Bangladesh, 100-194 tigers in Nepal, and
67-81 tigers in Bhutan.
 The pugmark method of counting of tigers is not foolproof, as
pointed out by many environmentalists. Nowadays, modern camera
trap is used for the counting of tigers. This has led to a new finding
that the area occupied by tigers has also reduced considerably by 41
percent since 1990.
 The main reason for the condition of endangered animals Bengal tiger
is their loss of habitat. Man has encroached upon the forest lands
due to rapid urbanization and population explosion.
 Another reason for endangering Bengal tigers is their widespread
poaching. Illegal trade between India, China, and Nepal in body
parts of tigers have made them vulnerable. Tigers are killed for
their bones, which have a high value in the international market.
Tiger bones are used in traditional Chinese medicines as a muscle
strengthener and treatment for Rheumatism. Tigers are also poached
for their skins. Skins of tigers are used for making jackets and
bags.

13. STEPS FOR CONSERVATION
 1. Legal protection has been provided to wild animals against
hunting and commercial exploitation under the provisions of the Wild
Life (Protection) Act, 1972.
 2. The Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972 has been amended and
made more stringent. The punishment for offences under the Act
have been enhanced. The Act also provides for forfeiture of any
equipment, vehicle or weapon that is used for committing wildlife
offence(s).
 3. Protected Areas, viz., National Parks, Sanctuaries, Conservation
Reserves and Community Reserves covering important wildlife habitats
have been created all over the country under the provisions of the
Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972 to conserve wild animals and their
habitats.
 4. Strict vigil is maintained by the officials of State Departments

14. PROBLEM
 An animal or plant that is no longer in existence is said
to be extinct.
 Passenger pigeon,dodo,Indian cheetha are examples
of animals that are thought to be extinct.
 Organism that is thought to be existence is tiger.
 Internatonal trade in live animals,in skin, bones,
horns,musk,etc.

15.  5. Financial and technical assistance is provided to the State/ Union
Territory Governments under the Centrally Sponsored Schemes of
‘Integrated Development of Wildlife Habitats', ‘Project Tiger’ and
‘Project Elephant’ for providing better protection to wildlife, and
improvement of its habitat.
 5.The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) has been empowered
under the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972 to apprehend and
prosecute wildlife offenders.
 6. The State/Union Territory Governments have been requested to
strengthen the field formations and intensify patrolling in and around
the Protected Areas.
 7. The Wildlife Crime Control Bureau has been set up to strengthen
the enforcement of law for control of poaching and illegal trade in
wildlife and its products.