Wider Workforce Role In Public Health

Wider Workforce Role In Public Health
A report by the Royal Society for public Health (RSPH} provides insight and detailed understanding about the wider workforce which identifies and
quantifies occupations comprising of the wider workforce role and contribution already in existence across , indicating where they already add value to
public health and the prevention agenda.{copied}
Context
In relation to Public Health, Wider workforce could be defined as the general –public. Be you a farmer, a teacher, a trader, a market seller, a preacher, a
road sweeper or even people in voluntary and unpaid jobs. These workforce of people, have the opportunity or the ability to contribute positively and
effectively in one way or the other to the health and well– being of the populace.
The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Also, public health workers make sure that they know and consider the community in which they are allocated, they know the population and sub–
populations, this is to develop, implement, evaluate and review all the interventions they have made. These public health workers caused discords
among community members as they became suspicious of themselves, thereby creating clean and healthy homes and environments.
Public health is multidisciplinary in nature and requires collaborations among other organizations' example, a community might be experiencing
obesity among school age population i.e. in America, Michelle Obama introduced let`s move. The initiative has the initially stated goal of solving the
challenge of childhood obesity within a generation so that children born today will reach adulthood at a healthy weight `let`s move seeks to decrease
childhood obesity to 5% by 2030.
In the UK, people are now afraid to go to the parks because they have become home to gang violence and drug
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

There Is Power In Macbeth
"Power is domination, control, and therefore a very selective form of truth which is a lie." – Wole Soyinka. We have to think of this when asking
ourselves who actually holds the most power in the Tragedy of Macbeth? There are many definitions of power. In the Drama the Tragedy of Macbeth
the kind of power they're talking about is physical and or mental force exerted by something or someone. The Witches hold the most power to influence
the actions of others throughout the whole I. The three witches play little mind games with Macbeth and some others.
The witches are the ones that have the most power because they're the ones that told Macbeth everything but, he also assumed. The witches report to
each other that Macbeth was present they exclaim

Nigeria As A Country In The Country Of Nigeria
Nigeria a country located on the west coast of Africa that is divided into 36 States. The country itself was not created until the British consolidated
their colonial power in 1914; however all 36 states wasn't established until 1996. Nigeria is known for over 527 Languages in which 7 are extinct.
Nigeria has a variety of ethnic backgrounds which range from Arabic to Western European. Regardless of Nigerians social status being rural or
urban; it is tradition to celebrate births and weddings as well as congregate for funerals; which typically are withheld for a month to gives families
from different regions time to arrive back to the country. Nigerians celebrate common holidays that's also here in America; however the dates are
different, for example Independence Day is October 1 and Workers day (Labor Day) is May 1. Music as well as dance is central to the Nigerian culture,
and is incorporated with celebrations such as festivals and rural events (Britannica.com).
The gender roles in Nigeria glorifies the man as dominate over the women with women having fewer legal rights then men. In addition, the mother
and sister has more say so over her brother or son then the male's wife. There are 3 types of courtships in Nigeria: religious, civil, and traditional, and
the Nigerian cultural believes in polygamy. Wives are responsible for caring for themselves and their children and in the event of the husband's death
the wife gets nothing, however any inheritance will go the

Examples Of Alienation In The Road
Wole Soyinka's play, The Road, touches upon on varied issues prevalent in society. Culture, society, humanity, spiritualism and religion are some of the
issues focussed upon. Life's meaninglessness and absurdity in a postcolonial world forms the hoof of human character. It results in linguistic, mental
and spiritual alienation of modern man. Quintessential man holds on to the contents within his reach. The transition is the only source on which he
keeps the foothold. This paper is an effort to throw light on the predicament and dilemma of man beset with multifarious projections of self and society.
It also leads the path to spiritual state of man through transition and also surfaces Soyinka's quest in live transition between life and death.... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
INTRODUCTION
Akinwande Oluwole "Wole" , occupies a prominent place among the African writers. Soyinka is the best known of Nigerian playwrights, the Nobel
Laureate, the first in Africa and the Diaspora to be so honoured. He is probably the most prolific of modern African writers and the most varied in his
achievements. His achievements have placed the drama of Africa and the Africans on the world stage. He is admired for his established contribution
not only to the art of drama, but also to fiction, poetry and criticism.
His prominent works are The Jero Plays (1960,1966), The Road (1963), The Lion And The Jewel (1966), The Madmen and Specialists (1971), Death
and the King's Horseman (1975), A Play of Giants (1984), A Scourge of Hyacinths (1991), From Zia ,With Love (1992) and The Beatification of the
Area Boy (1995). His collections of poems are Idanre (1967), A Shuttle in the Crypt (1972), Mandela's Earth (1990) and the latest collection
Samarkhand and Other Markets I have Known

Death And The King Horseman Analysis
In an interview with The Guardian (2009) Wole Soyinka explained that the motivation behind writing Death and the King's Horseman was a bust of
colonialist, Winston Churchill. To Soyinka, Churchill signified the breaking of the Yoruba culture and traditions. The idea for the play came from an
instance during the colonial period in Nigeria, when the British intervened in the traditional suicide of a king's horseman.
The title itself already makes reference to a Nigerian ritual in which the horseman of a king must kill himself after the death of the king (McNulty,
2011:2). The biggest event of cultural misunderstanding is evident in Act II when the British Officer, Pilkings, orders that Elesin Oba (the
horseman) be arrested. Joseph (the stableboy) tells the Pilkingses how it is tradition for the king to be burried a month after his death but, before he
can be burried, his dog, his steed and his horseman must die to be able to accompany him to heaven. For long this tradition is questioned and
contested by the Pilkingses because how can something like that make sense to anybody? It is only once Olunde shows up in Act IV that the
playwright changes the context. Olunde compares the suicide of the horseman to the mass killing of soldiers. He judges the Western customs of war
in the same way the Westerners criticized his traditions and people. And when Simon manages to stop Elesin from killing himself, Olunde turns his
back on his father at first, after which all the people from the market insults Elesin. His failure in the task is seen as a weak will.
Another custom that is present is when, in Act II, the officer and his wife are getting ready for a ball and Amusa shows up. Amusa refuses to speak to
Pilkings because of his costume, a uniform the Yorubanculture believes brings death. He tells Pilkings to put on other clothes as "It is a matter of
death. How can a man talk against death to a person in uniform of death?" p25. The British officer cannot understand the "rubbish" because it is not
part of his customs. To him it is clothing– a fun outift to wear to the ball with no abilitiy to cause death. But no matter how he tries to explain it,
Amusa keeps strong in his belief.
A simple thing to a Westerner, such as a

Culture Adoption in Wole SoyinkaвЂ™s and Tsitsi...
Colonialism versus Origin
Within Wole Soyinka's and Tsitsi Dangarembga's intricately weaved novels, both pieces of literature successfully intertwine to portray the estrangement
and hardships dealt with through the main characters in settling within a separate environment apart from their origins; culture and adopting the
colonial mentality which is imposed upon them. There is a negative portrayal of the colonial mentality that manifests onto the African society. There are
three major categories within these two texts displaying the characters that forget that they play these roles within society as puppets of colonialism,
those who rebel against the invading culture that seems to threaten their sense of identity and lastly those who ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
This brings the characters to lose grasp of their origins, which in turn are also losing a large part of their identities as well. As time progresses, the
characters forget that they are playing roles according to the Colonists whims. This is clearly portrayed through Wole Soyinka's novel. As clearly
displayed within the first act, There is a distinctive culture apart from the British introduced which portrays the different values and customs that the
Africans perform. Amusa whom is an African sergeant in the native administration police working for the white British colonialists is an example of a
puppet of colonialism turning against the Africans systematic way of life through the adoption of British customs and values. Though Amusa has
converted towards the British Empire, he is still seen as inferior in Pilking's eyes thus this shows that due to his origin, he will never be valued in the
eyes of a colonist. Amusa fears the Engungun costume yet aids the British in stopping the African rituals, which deprive the African people of their
beliefs. They don't seem to realize that they are harming their own culture but rather see it as an alien culture once they have fully adopted other
methods of practice through the English culture. Joseph is also a prime example of a character that has taken up a role within the colonialist society
through his acceptance of the catholic religion. Joseph is a convert influenced by the British and believes that

Essay on the Use of Third Person and Innocence of...
Use of Third Person and Innocence of Language in Aké
The Nigerian novelist Wole Soyinka's memoir, Aké, is a story told through the eyes of a child. Many incidents and the dialogues within these
incidents are written in a tone which is suggestive of the innocence and actions which would only be performed by someone in a child–like state of
mind. Soyinka's masterful use of this tone, and the primary use of first person in story telling combine to form a realistic childhood picture.
In the third chapter we find young Wole describing a sort ofparade which is passing before the walls of his home compound. This point in time seems
to be when Wole first discovers the world beyond his front door. This... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The dialogue is comical as are most involving intelligent children of this age and is as follows:
"I want to go home."
"...And where is home?"
...I told him that I lived in Aké.
"It has a big church," I added, "Just outside our walls."
"Ah–ah, near the church. Tell me, whaznname?" I guessed that he was asking what my name was, so I told him, "My name is Wole."
"Wonlay. Good. And your father's name?"
"My father's name is Headmaster."
"What?"

"My father's name is Headmaster. Sometimes his name is Essay." (46–47)
The same kind of humor can be found in a short dialogue between Wole and the same officer involved in the previous excerpt. In this dialogue, Wole
sees a newspaper on the officer's desk. In the same way that some children have trouble understanding the concept of one radio station broadcasting a
signal to hundreds of radios, Wole mistakes many newspapers as one, singular entity.
"You are reading my father's paper."
"You mean he is the editor?"
"He has one every week."(48)
In chapter nine, we find Wole being subjected to one of the rituals performed on the youth. The significance of the ritual is never stated and so it can
only be assumed that the purpose is both to ward off evil and to serve as a coming of age ceremony. This event can be

Who I Am Essay
When I look in the mirror I know whom I am, but society makes it difficult to understand who I am, because I was born to immigrants of Nigerian
descent, and I am a first generation American, that term is sometimes used so loosely. By looking at my name they assume that I am from some
island, but I am so quick to tell them that "I am Nigerian", there is another statement that normally follows this. "You do not have an accent". I
wonder if I had an accent would I be considered Nigerian and not American; then I say that "My parents are Nigerian" and then that changes, so to
them I am just associated with the Nigerian culture it does not make me Nigerian, there has been many discussion between my friends who are the
same like me confused to... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I currently enjoy shocking people with my heritage because there is still a stigma about what a "Haitian" should look like, sound like, etc. I'd say
that because I was such a scared little kid who didn't talk much, my family could do little to support me because they didn't know I was having
issues (A. Benjamin, personal communication, Dec 1, 2009). This is saying that if you do not walk, talk, or think like them; then you are not
considered to be of that ethnicity. Everyday I am on a constant race to discover who I am as an individual. I am fighting this battle whether I choose
to acknowledge it or not. Donald Hernandez has written in his book Children of Immigrants: Health, Adjustment, and Public Assistance; he talks
about major key points, but the most important one state "Third, because life chances differ greatly according to race and ethnicity in the United
States, and because of the race and ethnic composition of immigrants to this country has shifted markedly during recent decades," (3). That is true
trying to be one thing is very hard in USA society has an effect of how you may become as the individual. If I were in another country they would
just see as an American and nothing else, but the place that I was born and raised they see me as what my parents are Nigerians. I am not American
because my parents are from Nigeria; this has been a very constant thing, because of several definitions of what it

The Lion And The Jewel By Soyina Analysis
Wole Soyinka is a Nigerian writer, who explores the cultures and traditions of Yoruba, a Nigerian culture in this play "The Lion and the Jewel". The
main aim of this study is to evaluate Soyinka's play. Soyinka tries to bring out the conflict between the tradition and the western culture. The concept of
Post colonialism is clearly depicted in the character of Baroka, whose character represents the attitude of a Lion. The complete play occurs in a
single day. Within this short time of period Soyinka explains us how the domination of a single person affects the group of people in the Illunjile
village. He also insisted the character Lakunle, a modernized school teacher who is straight opposite to the character Baroka. Sidi is the central female
character, an eighteen years old girl, attracts both traditional Baroka and westernized Lakunle. The main confrontation between North Pole and South
Pole exist till the end of the play due to the character Sidi. Sadiku, the first wife of Baroka eagerly involved herself in marrying Sidi. This explainsthe
old tradition ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Later her decision made the turning point as well as a very great conclusion which clearly demonstrate the truth that she underwent a several
psychological pains. And if we keenly notice her character from the first we never suspect this end, but we can criticize easily that she is affected by
suppression, she lost her dreams everything. Sadiku as a first wife of Baroka searched a wife for her own husband, even though he is lost his
manhood. Though she portrayed as a character who is very much interested in searching a girl for her husband but as a women. This situation torments
her lot which is not exposed by

Themes In Death And The King's Horseman
National Identity as a Postcolonial Theme in Wole Soyinka's Death and the King's Horseman
Mona A. M. Ahamed
The purpose of the present paper is to investigate Wole Soyinka's attempt to establish an identity for his postcolonial Nigeria as explored in his play
Death and the King's Horseman. In fact, on studying this play, most of the researchers have focused on hybridity or the hybrid protagonist, mimicry
or the mimic man as well as the structure of the play. Bernard Ayo Oniwe, for instance, has examined the hybrid protagonist in the play (1992).
Olakunle George has focused on mimicry or the mimic man (1999). Craig McLuckie has discussed the structural coherence of the play (2004).
However, national identity which is going to be examined in this study has been ignored. This paper deals with the endeavour of Soyinka as a
postcolonial writer to emphasize the importance of reconstructing the history of his nation which has been savagely distorted by the colonizers.
Soyinka investigates the past of his country in order to probe the customs, mores and myths adopted by his people. The play under study exhibits the
traditions embraced by the Nigerians as a means of constituting their national identity. After years of culturalcolonialism and controlling people's
thoughts and minds by the colonizers, postcolonial writers have struggled to achieve their cultural independence and restore

Wole Soyinka's Death and the King's Horseman Essay
Wole Soyinka's Death and the King's Horseman
In his play, Death and the King's Horseman, Wole Soyinka would have us examine every clash and conflict, save for the one involving culture.
Certainly this may seem the most obvious part of the play, but we would do the general understanding of Death a disservice if we ignored one of the
central conflicts in the play. Every element of the play is placed in terms of two extremes, and the cultures must be considered one of those pairs.
Suicide is no exception to this examination; it must be seen in the conflicting lights that Soyinka gives us: British vs. Yoruban, physical vs.
metaphysical, personal vs. social; and an expression of failure vs. a form of redemption. In examining how the play ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
In Britain, the sadness comes from missing someone who clearly left the world too early – before God called them. In Africa, the sadness comes from
worrying about the destruction of the universe because tradition has been broken. So we arrive back where we started; the Yorubans consider
everything in terms of a larger consciousness; Westerns in terms of personal freedom and experience. When all these ideologies are forced to
coalesce during the colonial occupation, Elesin's situation is bound to happen. The clash of all these opposing ideas creates the conflict that
makes Death and the King's Horseman. When Elesin's mind is given a taste of the English belief of free will, he is tempted away from his birth
culture. The idea that the world does not rest on his shoulders, that the afterlife of the Yoruba might be false, and that he might continue to live
until God chooses to strike him down (and enjoy the splendors of life and sex) creates a hole in his core beliefs. The taste is too much and too
little; it nags in the back of his mind and eventually causes his downfall at the time of his expected suicide. Suicide becomes personal, physical, and
scary. And so he runs away recklessly to the Westerners. Yet the fact that Elesin lives is a failure to the Yorubans and, although a momentary success,
eventually becomes a failure as well to the British. He is forced to make a bad decision because he

This Too Is Life Analysis
Hsun, Lu. "This Too is Life"
In, "This Too Is Life", the author, Lu Hsun, writes about his thoughts on life and its values as he is dying of illness. Hsun first explains the duality
of exhaustion and rest, the fearfulness of exhaustion and not being able what you have to do as you have already done too much. The fear of
missing out on the active, productive parts or life where you feel like you are truly living, coupled at the same time with the blissfulness of rest and
simply doing nothing and having nothing to do, experiencing the comforts of idleness. In these moments of inactivity, it is easy to feel as if one is not
really living life, that life has no purpose if one is not being productive. But, what Hsun is trying to express ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
After the three days, he refuses to be tempted by food, only drinking one cup of water and later, not even wanting to drink that. While his fasting
seems extremely damaging (even Wole acknowledges this and fears what damages he is doing to his body) the effects on him are astonishing, as he
describes feeling "true weightlessness", a sensation where his mind is opened, colors are intensified and he hallucinates.It is clear through his
experience that fasting is very important to him, and may make him feel more alive or better that when he is not fasting, giving him a superhuman
feeling, and may use fasting as a means to escape his reality, such is when he is in prison.
Fitzgerald, F Scott. "The Crack–Up" Scott Fitzgerald's, "The Crack–Up" is an autobiographical essay that is based on his experience with mental illness
during the latter parts of his life. In the essay, he describes the process of "cracking", which starts with wanting to be alone, being tired and abstaining
from serious thought and ultimately ends with losing yourself, your existence being based on feeling and merely being alive, ceasing to attempt to be
and to call yourself a person. In his story, Fitzgerald shares the wisdom that he had to learn the hard way, through cracking, like when he states that
vitality is an incommunicable force, you can't give someone strength, energy, or life, they have to find it in themselves. His essay also talks

A Culture of Corruption: Everyday Deception and Popular...
Daniel Jordan Smith presents an outstanding work full of insight and appreciation of Nigerian culture. The content is enriched by his years spent
working there, his marriage to a Nigerian woman and his obvious affinity for the Nigerian people. Smith's primary aim is to reflect upon popular
Nigerian sentiment toward corruption but also to explore just how entrenched corrupt practices have become in society. The book focuses on two main
elements; how Nigeria is as much a 'culture of corruption' as it is 'against corruption' (p. 6).
The standard discourse that exists between Nigerians themselves as well as the rest of the world is that Nigeria has a history of debilitating
corruption. Smith's work is therefore appealing to a variety of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is centred round the 'moral economy' of corruption (Olivier de Sardan, 1999). This concept refers to the practice of corruption justified by its
perpetrators for reasons relating to cultural values; in ways that are not stigmatised or even deemed corrupt (Olivier de Sardan, 1999). An interesting
term he utilises is the 'idiom of accountability' that explains the rise of popular discontent suggested by the title (p. 19). Smith regularly emphasises
how traditional ideals of patron–clientism are considered the most important idiom of accountability left in a society spiralling out of control. 'String
pulling' by patrons to assist friends and relatives is considered legitimate, to act otherwise would be considered immoral (p. 17). While this is
undoubtedly true, Smith overemphasises this point to the extent that the reader is left wondering if this is too simple an explanation for ambivalence.
If this behaviour is the general consensus for both regular Nigerians as well as the political elite, the next section of the book unpacks how the public
are becoming increasingly critical of their politicians.
As Smith suggests patron–clientism is embedded in Nigerian society and so it appears nobody is spared from participating in it. The author himself
used his connections to get his niece into a good school. Discontent is aggravated when modern bureaucracy meets traditional patron–clientism for the
sole purposes of increasing one's personal wealth. No longer operating

Summary Of Buchi Emecheta's Novel 'Kehinde'
Buchi Emecheta tells of a woman's search for independence in her book Kehinde. The story begins as Albert and Kehinde Okolo have been living in
London for 18 years as a couple. When Albert's sisters begin pressuring him to return to Nigeria, Kehinde resists the idea as their two children have
never been to Nigeria and plus the fact that she found out that she is pregnant. But because of Albert's insistence, she decided to get an abortion.
Albert then leaves and Kehinde remains behind to sell the house which was ordered by her husband. Later on, he calls their children also to Nigeria.
Kehinde is lonely at first but manages on her own. Eventually, she begins to feel like a half–person without Albert and so she gives up her job and
departs for Nigeria. On her arrival, she is horrified to learn that during their two–year separation, Albert now has a second wife. Kehinde decides to
return to England and establish a life for herself there. Kehinde's troubled relationship to Albert and her children are paralleled in her recollections of a
difficult childhood: Kehinde's twin was stillborn and her mother died at birth, prompting the family to believe that she had eaten her sister. It's a story
that she at first accepts, but as she becomes her own woman she rejects its superstitious quality. Some of the themes of the story are Feminism,
Masculinity, Patriarchy, Culture Clashes and Identity.
Kehinde relishes the freedom she has as a woman living in Britain, a freedom she knows she would not have had in Nigeria. Emecheta makes us
very aware of this when she writes, "Kehinde was aware that she could talk to her husband less formally than women like her sister. She related to
Albert as a friend, a compatriot, a confidant." (page 6) However, with her son Joshua newly returned from Nigeria with strong patriarchal values,
Kehinde's freedoms as a woman are challenged as Joshua sees the house as his natural right as a man. However, Kehinde is unwilling to allow her
son to dominate her. She asserts: "This is my house." (137) The last few pages of the novel emerge as a power– play between mother and son. In fact
the last chapter, where Kehinde and her son fight for dominance over the house is aptly named "The Rebel", as Kehinde

Managing Cultism in Tertiary Institutions
MANAGING CULTISM IN TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS
BY
SULAIMAN ABDULLAHI KARWAI, Ph.D, fmca, mnim, mimc,
DEPARTMENT OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA.
Abstract
Importunate secret cult activities have created a culture of fear and turned many tertiary institutions into centres of violence, where Fear, anxiety and
insecurity of lives and properties are the order of the day. These scenarios have resulted in poor learning, poor performance and low academic
attainment. The objective of this study is how to eradicate cultism from our tertiary institutions so as to enable them to produce the much needed high
level manpower for overall national development. The study is an expository work based on the survey of literature. It ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Encyclopaedia Britannica (2009) cautions that cult worship is so universal in religion that some historians of religion actually define religion as cult.
From the definitions given so far, we can deduce that cultism/cult, secret cult and secret society are secret groups of people whose members are
bound on an oath to keep the activities of each and every member secret. It is also safe to say that cult fraternity may be violent or beneficial to the
society, depending on the objectives of the members. For example, some secret cults are formed to provide benevolent services while others are formed
due to political reasons to protect the interest of the society. In light of these definitions, we shall use cultism, cult, secret cult and secret society
interchangeably.
2.2The Evolution of Cultism
Secret adherence to a doctrine or leader based on a common dogma or beliefs has been in existence for a very long time. All over the world, secret
cults have been flourishing and causing positive and/or negative impacts. On the positive side, religious experience are said to have received its initial,

practical expression in the forming of cult that provides an orderly framework for the religious object. The Egyptian religion, the ancient Greek Adonis
and the Roman Catholicism are said to be cults (Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2009). While on

Theme Of Your Logic Humbles Me Mandela
In the poem" Your Logic Frightens Me, Mandela" the author uses motif to prove that he admires Mandela's bravery to become a leader after what he
went through. The first motif is logic. Logic is repeated in almost every line in this poem. " Mandela, your logic humbles me.."
(Soyinka 29) in this line logic is used to show that the author appreciates Mandela's policies as a leader. The second motif is threatens. " Your bounty
threatens me Mandela,.."
(Soyinka 39) this line is saying that the author admires Mandela's forgiveness of the past violence that has happened, but is scared of the people who
will take advantage of his forgiveness. The last motif is dreams. "Of dreams, of time accelerated in visionary hopes, of savoring the task anew"
(Soyinka 27) in this line the author is saying that Mandela's dream could change the future into a peaceful, hopeful, and loving place. This all shows
that the author believes in Mandela, but is still frightened. To demonstrate that Mandela's dreams and leadership could turn into disaster the Mandela
Frightens Soyinka " White magic, ivory– topped black magic wand, one moment wand, one moment riot club" (Soyinka 28) this quote from "Your
Logic Frightens Me, Mandela" tells that Africans are equal to white people, but because the only difference is the color of their skin, one moment
everything could be fine but then somebody says something offensive and creates a riot. " Your Logic Frightens Me,

Corruption In Kongi's Harvest By Wole Soyinka
Similarly, in the play Kongi's Harvest by notable African writer Wole Soyinka, there is evidence of oppression of the people. The play tells a story
of President Kongi's attempt to legitimize Kongism, a form of dictatorship, in Isma. He rose to power by oppressing the people and forcing them to
accept him as their leader. He detained Oba Danlola, Isma's traditional ruler, in prison and had plans for him to offer him the new yam on the new
yam festival. According to the assistant professor of English at Government College (UG & PG) in Ananthapuramu, this act was supposed to mean
two things; the dawn of the new era (Kongism) and the acknowledgment of his supremacy by the people (Kumar 3). The play then shows the
resistance put up by the people of Isma against President Kongi and his advisers, the Aweris.
Soyinka also shows the problem of corruption in Kongi's Harvest. This is evident in the dealings of the Aweri's, the organizing secretary and also in
the case of Oba Danlola who gets special treatment in prison. The organizing ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They all agree that the independence that Africa fought for did not give them the results they hoped for. Instead, they are face with the same problems
they had with the colonizers but they were being oppressed by their own people. The new African leaders are after the treasures of their countries.
Just like Achebe put it in his book The Trouble withNigeria, "The trouble with Nigeria is simply and squarely a failure of leadership. There is
nothing basically wrong with the Nigerian character. There is nothing wrong with the Nigerian land or climate or water or air or anything else. The
Nigerian problem is the unwillingness or inability of its leaders to rise to the responsibility, to the challenge of personal example which are the
hallmarks of true leadership" (Achebe, The Trouble With Nigeria 1). The same can be said for most African

Death and the KingвЂ™s Horseman, Balzac and the Little...
Death and the King's Horseman, Balzac and the Little Chinese Seamstress, and The Storyteller all have multiple messages that can be obtained
through reading these novels. Due to the great number messages that can be obtained throughout the readings, the authors have a lot of different, but
also a lot of similar messages within the books as well. When reading these novels, the authors display a great deal of personal growth and change, a
great empathy and compassion for others, and also a great image of what life is like in other cultures.
Balzac and the Little Chinese Seamstress written by Dai Sijie, is a story about re–educating in which is centered on the Cultural Revolution era. This
story takes off early and gives you a great sense of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The boys are so used to a life of being controlled that whenever they experience these novels for a first time, it fascinates their minds. Luo's
obsession of the readings and due to his love for The Little Seamstress, he is determined and motivated to help teach her how to read. When
reading this book, Sijie shows us an example of the power of literature, relationships, and dedication for a better life. Sijie also offers us a brief view
into a part of the world and lifestyle in which we will never be able to understand first hand. The message he expresses throughout the novel is that we
are should be appreciative of where we come from and the freedom we have.
The Storyteller written by Mario Vargas Llosa, is a novel that displays a great case of cultural compassion. The story surrounds a Peruvian Writer, who
is reminiscing on an old friend that he had lost contact with due to his deep interest in an Amazonian tribe, the Machinguegas. The story begins at an
art gallery in Florence, the narrator is viewing art work as he stumbles upon a photograph in which he notices a picture of a tribal storyteller located in
the jungles of the Amazon and he actually in fact knows the man in the picture named Saul. Saul is co–ed of the narrators who is also called
"Mascarita" due to him having a large birthmark

The Impacts Of The Odyssey In Homer's The Odyssey
Homer's epic poem The Odyssey follows Odysseus on his long journey home. The Epic also includes the stories of Odysseus' family left behind: the
travels of his son, Telemachus, and how plenty, of what we would now call "home wreckers", suitors pressured his wife, Penelope, into marrying one
of them. The characters are beautifully crafted and the story is truly epic. All the elements presented can bring in any reader from any century, the
Cyclops, the Gods, the trickery of Penelope, and the disguises of Odysseus, are all legendary literary hooks . There are many things to learn–about
writing, about the world around us, the world ahead of us, and the past behind us–from The Odyssey. (26) It is undeniably evident that this ancient text
has ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Then Nobody comes along and, as it turns out, Nobody is faster. This example may not be as torn from the pages of The Odyssey as Percy Jackson
but it shows how the smallest details of The Odyssey can affect anything from a 1973 Spaghetti Western to a modern youth series. The Odyssey
was relevant then and it is relevant now. The Relevance of The Odyssey is evident an interview with Wole Sawyerr give Lynne Brighouse the
inside scoop of what it it's like to be Odysseus as portrayed a stage adaptation of the Odyssey. Wole Sawyer speaks about how playing Odysseus has
opened his eyes to what he now knows of the severities of our modern world.
"Many ways Homer's portrayal was insightful and way ahead of his time in terms of how he explores the themes of war and heroism. At the beginning
of the play, Odysseus appears to fit the traditional image of a war hero –– brave and strong. We also see him full of his own importance–– announcing
himself as 'Odysseus, the slayer of cities. But, as the play progresses and he begins his long journey home, Odysseus is confronted with the lasting
impact of the war both on himself and those at home. There many layers to his character and how the war and the themes of the play affect him. We
gradually see Odysseus become completely broken by his experiences"(Sawyerr).
I couldn't have said it better myself, but I'll try. The Odyssey is more than just an amazing, action packed poem, it is a lesson in how to

Sizwe Bansi Demonstrates the Imperative for the Black...
Sizwe Bansi demonstrates the imperative for the black person in South Africa to be an "actor" to present an enforcedly "acceptable" mask to his or her
white masters' (crow). Discuss the relationship between acting and identity in two plays on the course.
Identity and acting are massive themes within both Sizwe Bansi Is Dead and Death And The Kings Horseman. In both plays, theblack people are
enforced by the whites to behave in a certain way. Some do this In order to live an easy life or for other reasons such as survival or to provide for
there families, but some resist by retaining there cultural values, or revolting. But the relationship between acting and identity is of great importance, as
within both books there is resistance and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Also, In Death And The Kings Horseman, it shows that Elusin see's Pilkings as a white man who stole his first born son Olunde and rather than say
educate him, he says 'so you could turn him into something of your own image' (Soyinka 1998, 68). Which is an important statement to show the black
feeling towards the white man and what they are doing to the black man. This statement shows that Elusin thinks that, the white man is not educating
or showing the black man new things and culture, but they are turning them into an image. The word image is important as it could mean that they are
turning into them into a copy or a non–real version. As an image isn't the actual thing, this could be interpreted as that the white man is instilling a
false identity on the black man, making them act in a certain way. It symbolises that Elusin who is a leader so he speaks for his followers, believes
that the white culture being instilled on the black culture is not a real form of identity, so ultimately the blacks are also disregarding the whites as an
actual identity. So it could be argued that here in what Elusin states shows an opinion much like the whites on the black identity and culture. I speak
about culture as identity as it seems that within both plays, ones own culture and heritage is there identity. For example Sizwe Bansi inherited his name
and is reluctant to lose it, and in Death and The Kings Horseman, Olusin commits

Racism in Amistad, To Kill a Mocking Bird, and Telephone...
The texts To Kill a Mocking Bird by Harper Lee, Amistad directed by Steven Spielberg and Telephone Conversation by Wole Soyinka explore the issue
of racism. These three texts focus on prejudice, discrimination, bias, behaviour and attitude revolving around the issue of discrimination because of the
coulour of ones skin and the cultural and social attitudes past on from one generation to another. Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel set in the
southern states of the USA in the 1930's, a time that is "Post Abolitionist", however a time where the culture and social structure is still entrenched with
racist attitudes and laws. Lee explores these issues in this setting when Ton Robinson, an African American is accused of raping a young white ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These three texts develop awareness in the responder of the power of attitudes, the ignorance and fear behind racism and how pervasive racial tension
has been from one generation to another.
To kill a mockingbird investigates the racial tension in Maycomb by analysing features of attitudes towards Negroes that date back many generations.
The meaning of the title "To Kill a Mockingbird" itself evokes the idea of racism that Lee wants to portray to the composer. Throughout the book, Tom
Robinson is symbolised as the most important mockingbird–an innocent who has been injured or destroyed. He is the mockingbird who helps his
accuser in her chores and is killed due to the deep seated attitudes towards African Americans present in the southern states of America. Mr. Underwood
compares his death to the "the senseless slaughter of songbirds".
Lee also explores the systems which were present in those times that allowed for the racism to continue throughout the society. Judicial systems,
political system, social system was structured for racism, segregation and discrimination. The Social system in Maycomb revolves around the fact that
the Negroes despite their admirable qualities lie at the bottom of a social hierarchy which is headed by the Finches, followed by the townspeople who
are in front of the ignorant farmers like the Cunningham's who are in turn of a higher class than the white trash people like the Ewells. This is apparent
in the court room scenes

Violence, Odon Von Horvath And Youth Without God And...
Today's world is chockfull of power and violence. New allegations of sexual harassment surface every day in America. Almost every other week,
terrorist attacks and mass shootings cause people to fear for their lives. Meanwhile, the President of the United States is threatening to start a nuclear
war with North Korea, while millions of refugees in the Middle East are living in deplorable conditions because of the power vacuum that was
created after the Iraq War. With irresponsible people in power and leaders and rebels turning toviolence, what lies in store for our global society?
Violence and power obviously play roles in social change, but how do scholar citizens reconcile this bitter truth? Using Hannah Arendt's "On Violence,"
Odon Von... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The dynamic relationships and unique experiences he created mirror a world like the one in which he lived. The state within the novel was taking
control of the minds of the youth, using propaganda and a narrow world view to shape their young, impressionable morality. Both Nazi Germany
and the state in Youth Without God were training children to be warriors. They saw decency and goodness as weaknesses to be rooted out, but
where did this lead them? We are all familiar with the end of World War II and the fate of Adolf Hitler. However, Horvath had no idea the Third
Reich was doomed. He wrote this novel because he it was clear to him that the complete power held by the state would lead to corruption and
violence. Ironically, Horvath died in 1939 before he could behold the devastation by the Nazi regime that his novel had predicted. Instead, he left
behind a brilliant piece of work which we can use to analyze the role power and violence can have on a state and its children. The concepts of power
and violence are shown in Youth Without God through the experiences of a teacher grappling with the immoral mindset of his pupils and his opinion
of God as a terrible being. The power, in this novel, is held by the state. They control the education of young children by using propaganda and
"summer training programs" to prepare them to be soldiers. The headmaster of the school declares that "we are supposed to keep youth at a distance
from everything which

Existential Anxiety Via Self Preservation Essay
Ashley Martinez Professor Steven Adisasmito–Smith Modern World Literature 12 December 2016 Existential Anxiety via Self–Preservation "To a man
utterly without a sense of belonging, mere life is all that matters. It is the only reality in an eternity of nothingness, and he clings to it with shameless
despair." вЂ• Eric Hoffer In its most basic definition, an existential crisis occurs when a person feels out of touch with their place in the world. They
question why they are here as well as what determines their leaving. In Leo Tolstoy's Hadji Murat and Wole Soyinka's Death and the King's Horseman,
two characters experience a similar reaction after failing to conform to societal expectations. For example, in Hadji Murat, the titular character's shifting
allegiance depends on whatever is in the best interest of his family. He initially rejects his community leader's request for him to join the ghazavat–or
holy war– against the Russians (Tolstoy 335–464). After this refusal, Hadji Murat pledges his allegiance to the latter–whether he can actually be trusted
or not is an entirely differently matter (Tolstoy 335–464). In Wole Soyinka's Death and the King's Horseman, we have Elesin Oba, a character who
fails to follow his king in death because he still wishes to remain in the realm of the living (1049–1078). However, based on existential theory, their
existential crises manifest themselves in four different ways. That being said, a closer

Essay Prejudice in To Kill A Mockingbird & Telephone...
The dictionary defines prejudice as a learned, preformed, and unsubstantiated judgment or opinion about an individual or a group, either favorable
or unfavorable in nature. Through the study of the book, To Kill A Mockingbird by Harper Lee, and the poem Telephone Conversation by Wole
Soyinka, ones understanding of prejudice and what makes up prejudice changes considerably for what could be perceived as for the better or for the
worse. Being ignorant of what is happening or not knowing and properly understanding what prejudice is can make it easy to turn a blind eye to what
is happening around you. Learning what prejudice is makes one more conscious of what is happening right next to you in everyday life. Being
educated about prejudice is... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Her and her brother, Jeremy Atticus 'Jem' Finch were raised by their widowed father, Atticus, who had instilled in his children a strong sense of justice
and ethics at an early age.
To Kill A Mockingbird, is an exceptional reflection of the attitudes and morals of the whites and blacks in the 1930's. Suffering from the Great
depression, the fictional town of Maycomb, Alabama, is divided, blacks or 'negroes' from whites. Both the black and the white community harbour ill
thoughts about each other, their prejudices against one another blinding them of any reason or logic. In the book, it is stated that "In our courts, when
its white man's word against a black man's, the white always wins. They're ugly, but those are the facts of life." Tom Robinson was a victim of a town
where black men were inferior to white people who assumed that all negroes lie. Atticus Finch, a white man who is the black mans lawyer is not
prejudiced against blacks like the rest of the town is. He attempts to persuade an already biased jury of white men to feel their sense of morality and
ethics. As Kate Chopin said in The Awakening, Atticus is a fine example of, "The bird that would soar above the level plain of tradition and prejudice
must have strong wings." Atticus defies what all the other white townspeople believe is right by defending Tom Robinson. One is able to see and
understand clearly, the prejudice amongst the townspeople that as a young child, Scout could not properly understand.

Wole Soyinka: Death and the King's Horseman
In his play, Death and the King's Horseman, Wole Soyinka would have us examine every clash and conflict, save for the one involving
culture. Certainly this may seem the most obvious part of the play, but we would do the general understanding of Death a disservice if we
ignored one of the central conflicts in the play. Every element of the play is placed in terms of two extremes, and the cultures must be considered one
of those pairs. Suicide is no exception to this examination; it must be seen in the conflicting lights that Soyinka gives us: British vs. Yoruban, physical
vs. metaphysical, personal vs. social; and an expression of failure vs. a form of redemption. In examining how the play divides suicide so completely
through ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
And thus ignorance is the real catalyst for Elesin's downfall. However, as with every pair of opposites, there is also an enlightened man in
Soyinka's work. Olunde is the only person in the play who seems to fully understand both cultures, and see the many open conflicts that are created
by the colonial presence. And this knowledge gives Elesin the ability to redeem his culture, and perhaps even the British themselves. For
any action to be a redemptive act, it can only come after a failure. Its purpose is to rectify and make amends for that failure. As to be expected, the
redemptions and failures are different depending on which side you choose to look at them. In fact, the idea of redemption and failure is itself a
pair of opposing views with which to view the rest of the play. A failure for the British is redemption for the Yoruban, and vice versa. The
differences and parallels are almost absolute, and all of them define the action of the play. Elesin's inability to commit suicide in the hint of
the lure of British beliefs is a resounding failure for the Yoruban culture. The actual act of suicide itself will never be a failure for the natives, whereas
suicide is always considered a failure in the Western world. People commit suicide as a result of a failure to cope with the world in the West. In the
native culture, it is the opposite. Elesin refuses commit suicide because he cannot cope with the world in

The Horrors of Society Illustrated in вЂ Telephone...
In 'Telephone Conversation' we have a telephone conversation between a black man who wants to rent a room, from a white woman. We see that
society is ignorant and racist. 'Prayer Before Birth' is a poem addressed to God from the point of view of an unborn baby who is scared to go into
society. They both have negative views of society.
In 'Prayer Before Birth' society is presented as scary. The narrator is pleading and says 'I fear'. She (no gender is specified as it is meant to symbolize
all of humanity) is scared of 'blood baths'. This uses alliteration and it is a metaphor. This could stand for all the violence that exists in the world –
wars, murder, pain etc. She is scared of all the blood–shed that exists in the world. In some ways ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, the white lady can only see in terms of '"DARK"' or '"VERY LIGHT"'. She seems to be in a very black and white world. In 'Prayer Before
Birth' we also have the idea that difference is not celebrated, as everyone has to become an 'automaton' and a 'cog in a machine'. However, 'Telephone
Conversation' is more positive as there is a man dealing with racism, and despite feeling anger , (symbolised by the 'red booth' and the 'Red pillar box'
– the red symbolizing anger), he does not act with violence, he acts with humour – 'Friction, caused ... My bottom [to turn] raven black'. This reaction
would go against some of the fears of the unborn baby – as the African man has kept his humanity, despite his bad experiences in society.
Society is ... made to seem ridiculous
Soyinka's main aim with this poem was to try to change people's racist views. She does this by showing a racist incident, but showing it as
ridiculous, thus highlighting just how stupid and nonsensical the racist views of 1950s British society actually were. The white lady is made to seem
uneducated, as I have already said. Through the comparison of his education and her ignorance, she is mocked. She actually symbolises society at the
time, and so by mocking her, the whole of society is mocked. Whereas he is, on the whole, very polite – he calls her 'Madam' , and he deals politely
with her rude questions (except perhaps at the end).

The Third Stage By Wole Soyinka
In his essay, ' 'The Fourth Stage ' ' which ' ' helped to establish [his] reputation as a myth critic, a drama theorist and a master of language ' ', Soyinka
attempts to investigate the origin of Yoruba tragedy ( Madaukor 8). He is of the view that in Yoruba world view,tragedy originated from gods '
consciousness of their incompleteness or what he terms the ' ' anguish of severance ' '; ' '[t]he tragedy in Yoruba traditional drama, is the anguish
of this severance, the fragmentation of essence from self ' ' (Myth 145). In other words, the gods who have become isolated from the world of men are
eager for ' 'complementary ' ' which was lost and balance was destroyed as a result of a ' 'curse ' ' (19). The interaction of the divine and ... Show more
In this way, he created harmony in the Yoruba world of gods and humans.
In order to keep balance and harmony in Yoruba world, some pre–eminent people, usually leaders or rulers have to sacrifice themselves on behalf of the
community. This notion is reflected in Death and the King 's Horseman; Elesin Oba, the King 's Horseman, who has been extremely honoured as a
great chief as well as the King 's close friend, has to join the dead king in his journey to the world of the ancestors; by so doing, he brings the world
of gods and ancestors closer to that of the living. Consequently, he maintains balance and harmony in the Yoruba world and thus makes for its
well–being. Elesin adopts all Yoruba beliefs and has faith in all its values and duties. He is ' 'the embodiment of the culture of his people and as
such he has an awful responsibility. It is quite simply that on him depends the future, on him depends the existence itself ' ' (Bowman 89). Elesin
has to play the heroic role played by Ogun in order to bridge the gap between man and the gods. He has to cross the dangerous abyss between the
world of the living and that of the ancestors but this demands a strong will as that of Ogun. Elesin has the desire to make this journey but his
attachment to worldly pleasures damages his will; his love of women comes in the way of fulfilling his ' ' sacred duty. ' '
The play opens with the significant Stage Directions:
A passage through the market in its

Death And King 's Horseman By Wole Soyinka
Death and King's Horseman by Wole Soyinka and Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe both take place in Africa but in different areas. Authors Soyinka
and Achebe, created main characters that came from different tribes, but experienced similar cultural clashes, which led to an issue of suicide within
African culture. The context of these books' view on suicide differs in each culture. Although each work has a different attitude toward suicide, both
deal with it through the characters, Elisen from the Yoruba tribe in Death and King's Horseman and Okonkwo from the Igbo tribe inThings Fall Apart,
within their own African cultures. Elisen and Okonkwo have a different way of living , yet they are both led to question their own character, family
relations, and make life–changing decisions.
Okonkwo, the lead character in Things Fall Apart, commits suicide after he has lost political independence to colonialism. This is occasioned by the
fact that his clansmen do not follow him into battle against the colonialists. Throughout the story, Okonkwo desires to be seen as the symbol, the
perfect example, the individual who represents the archetype of Umuofian culture and values. His strong individualism is questioned when the white
colonialists arrive. Okonkwo's epiphany at realizing that his community does not share in his desire to get rid of them only becomes clear in the face
of looming colonial domination. He says: "Worthy men are no more...The greatest obstacles in Umuofia is that

Culture Is A Way Of Life Shared By People
Culture is a way of life shared by people in a society. Culture is exceptional, although it may have other things in common with other cultures.
According to American Culture, "Culture encompasses religion, food, what we wear, how we wear it, our language, marriage, music, what we
believe is right or wrong, how we sit at the table, how we greet visitors, how we behave with loved ones, and a million other things," said Cristina De
Rossi, an anthropologist at Barnet and Southgate College in London. The United States is one of the most culturally diverse countries in the world.
According to People & Culture, within its vast area, Nigeria has over 250 different ethnic groups, all with their own languages and heritage. Cultures
are made and followed according to the society or family one comes from or was born in.
According to "USA – Language, Culture, Customs and Etiquette, Americans are extremely informal, friendly, and call most people by their first
name. Most people who come to the United States may already know a few things about the people through TV. Although this is of course a skewed
reality some of the stereotypes are true, especially American friendliness and informality. People tend to not wait to be introduced, will begin to
speak with strangers as they stand in a queue, sit next to each other at an event, etc. Americans are very casual in greeting. A handshake, a smile, and
a 'hello ' are all that is needed, which I really agree with but in Nigeria, where I came

Essay on Death and the Kings Horseman and A Grain of Wheat
The following work will call your attention to the way in which a playwright and a novelist deploy key stylistic and dramatic effects and will be
complete by means of examining a passage taken from each work. To follow a comparison and contrast of the techniques used within the two works
will be observed.
My rein is loosened. I am master of my Fate. When the hour comes, Watch me dance along the narrowing path, Glazed by the soles of my great
precursors. My soul is eager. I shall not turn aside. (Soyinka, 2002:10).
The play is set in the ancient Yoruban city of Oyo inNigeria, nineteen forty three. The King has died and on the night in question his Horseman must
escort him to the afterlife. The Kings Horseman, Elesin Oba, dancing ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is an interesting point of departure as to whether the happenings of the text are agreeable or disagreeable. The first standpoint is the thorny issue of
suicide in African culture. The ceremony is that of a social process. Elesin wishes to perform this act not for personal gain, but as a social
experience that will involve his fellow countrymen as it is his duty to do so. The second standpoint is that of suicide from a Western point of view. It
is seen to have nothing that ties an individual's death to that of another's in the supernatural world. In accordance with Christianity if a person commits
suicide that is the end of their journey. It is clear that the two standpoints differ in standing as one sees suicide as a personal act and the other a
communal. The play is certainly fascinating and stimulating, but as for taking a standpoint on the moral issues involved it is possible to say that
despite tradition the willing suicide of an individual is not something to be celebrated as it is in Death and the Kings Horseman.
But who tilled the soil on which grew coffee, tea, pyrethrum, and sisal? Who dug the roads and paid the taxes? The whiteman lived on our land. He
ate what we grew and cooked. And even the crumbs from the table, he threw to his dogs. (NgЕ©gД©, 2002: 216)
The allegorical story of A Grain of Wheat takes place after World War II in the village of Thabai. It portrays several characters in a village whose

Character Analysis Of Olunde
Olunde attempts to reveal to Jane the greatness of his father 's sacrifice for his peace and the peace of his own people, his father is going to commit
suicide to save his community from destruction. However, Jane cannot understand the implication of that sacrifice which she regards as a ' 'barbaric
custom ' ' or even ' 'feudalistic. ' ' Olunde 's long conversation with Jane reveals the arrogance, vulnerability, disintegration and hypocrisy of the English
people. He expresses the terrible conditions of war he underwent during his stay in England. As a medical student there, Olunde has seen ' 'the West on
its own grounds, complete in its wartime vulnerabilities. He attends to English soldiers wounded on World War II and has therefore
... Show more
On his journey on the boat, he went through the rites again and again in his mind as his father taught him; Olunde does not ' 'want to do anything
wrong, something that might jeopardize the welfare of [ his ] people ' ' (62). To his astonishment, Olunde discovers that his father is still alive; he is
arrested by Pilkings who is responsible for security particularly during the visit of the Prince of Wales. Olunde is paralysed by the shock:
Elesin Olunde? ( He moves his head, inspecting him from side to side. ) Olunde! ( He collapses slowly at Olunde 's feet. ) Oh son, don 't let the sight
of your father turn you blind! Olunde ( He moves for the first time since he heard his voice ,brings his Head slowly down to look on him ) I have no
father, eater of left–overs. He walks slowly down the way his father had run.[ ... ] Elesin, sobbing into the Ground. (66)
Elesin begs Olunde to acknowledge him but in vain; Olunde, who has respected his tradition, disowns his father. It is noteworthy that initially
Elesin disowned Olunde because of abandoning his tradition and leaving for England. The situation is reversed; ' ' Olunde now casts off his father
who has failed in the central duty and meaning of his life ' ' ( Plastow, ' 'Notes ' ' 88 ). Olunde, who has realized the greatness of his culture, sticks
firmly to it and decides to take his father 's place by committing the ritual suicide so as

Analysis Of Doctored Vision By Wole Soyinka
Doctored Vision is an extract from Wole Soyinka's collection of poem Mandela's Earth and other poems (1988). The poem is originally written in
English. Politically, the 80's were historical and monumental to Nigerians. There was a major economic crisis (National Economic Emergency in
1986) due to military coups, extensive dependency on oil for income and unemployment. A writer is always affected by the political environment
around them. So was Soyinka. Stories emerge from a place going through severe crisis and change. Doctored vision is a narrative style poem. The
protagonist, an aging poet, goes to a Doctor to correct his vision. While the tests are being performed, the poet struggles to see the letters. Baffled at
first, the Doctor is... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Theme The poem juxtaposes two concepts of Science and Magic. We see the medical jargon such as, Myopia, Astigmatism, Bi
–Focal, prescription
and transplant are used. Then again, the word magic is used by the doctor himself when he cannot explain the poet's condition. Science and Magic
are looked at as contradicting disciplines. No one would expect a Doctor to describe a condition as magical. Science is orderly, tested and
researched. Magic defies logic and reason. Soyinka skillfully weaves them into one another. The poem feels more magical than scientific. Since the
protagonist is a poet, it is possible Soyinka is talking about his views. Not only this is about magic or science, it is about perspective. The poet like
Soyinka can see mundane and normal things in a poetic way. That makes him different from other people. If looked at with a postcolonial perspective,
the mistrust of the poet in the doctors can also reflect how the elderly generally are skeptic of modern treatments. They are also usually content with
placebos. Scientist are often portrayed as curious and sinister experimenters; they want to experiment on a patient rather than treating them. The
Setting The entire poem is set in the Doctor's clinic. A clinic can seem like a scary place; an omen for something bad. Indication of a year or a country
are not given. Which leaves it open to interpretation. Since Soyinka is Nigerian, it is difficult to read the poem without associating

Importance Of Colonialism In Death And The King's Horseman...
Colonialism is the act of gaining political control of another country and occupying it with settlers. Communal disintegration is the tendency for society
to decline over time due to the lapse of traditional social support systems ("Colonialism"). The disintegration of a community can happen because of
many different kinds of reasons including colonialism. Colonialism can be seen as a cause of communal disintegration in both Wole Soyinka's Death
and the King's Horseman and Chinua Achebe's Things Fall Apart.
Death and the King's Horseman by Wole Soyinka establishes a strong sense of community from the beginning of the play. Elesin, the horseman, is
going to commit a ritualistic suicide in order to lead the king into the afterlife. According to Yoruban culture the entire world is interconnected and
every action has an impact on everything. This is why the entire community is very attentive to the ritual that is going to happen. Elesin's suicide is a
communal act not a personal one. His actions will affect everyone, dead or alive, which demonstrates how connected the community is. In the story, we
are continuously shown that the colonist see suicide as a personal experience and cannot understand the community's ritual. This is clearly shown when
Olunde tells Jane Pilkings, "you have no respect for what you do not understand" (Soyinka, Wole). Olunde is also a clear representation of a strong
sense of community within the play because he has studied in England, but maintains his

The African World-view in Soyinka's Death and the King's...
The African world–view in Soyinka's Death and the King's Horseman
In his play, Death and the King's Horseman, Wole Soyinka uses certain literary forms and devices to intermix Yoruba culture and a predominantly
European dramatic form to create a play easily understood by the audience, but that allows the introduction of a foreign influence. These devices
include the use of a songlike quality in dialogue and the telling of stories, the use of personification and metaphor to give an exotic quality to the play,
and the use of certain elements to provide the reader with a sense of the mystic traditions that are Africa. These Yoruban elements are best explained by
the character Jane with "You talk! Your people with your... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Elesin: (Executes a brief, half–taunting dance . . . as he chants the story of the Not–I bird, his voice changing dexterously to mimic his characters . . . )
Death came calling.
Who does not know his rasp of reeds?
A twilight whisper in the leaves before
The great araba falls? Did you hear it?
Not I! Swears the farmer. He snaps
His fingers round his head, abandons
A hard–worn harvest and begins
A rapid dialogue with his legs. (1158)

Soyinka uses personification and metaphor to lend an exotic, poetic quality to the play. In this excerpt from page 1159, Elesin personifiesenvy,
symbolizing its attacking quality, uses houseposts as a metaphor to symbolize the building of trust, and termites as a metaphor to symbolize the way
in which time eats at all things. Elesin also uses "the twilight hour," or the coming of the end of the day, to symbolize the approaching of the end of his
life, and bats and rodents as symbols of things that might tarnish the honor given him because of his duty to his king and the trust built with his king.
Line 213 begins:
Elesin: The world was mine. Our joint hands
Raised houseposts of trust that withstood
The siege of envy and the termites of time.
But the twilight hour brings bats and rodents––
Should I yield them cause to foul the rafters? (1159)
Soyinka uses mystic elements to provide the reader with a sense of the Africa of tradition. The religious traditions of Africa are rife

Comparing and Contrasting Wole Soyinka and John Pepper...
Both poems entitled Abiku discuss the title child who returns to haunt his family after dying at a young age. However, they are formatted and
presented in different manners to give alternate meanings to the story presented. The first, written by Wole Soyinka, is written in stanzas, while John
Pepper Clark's is in block form. However, they also share a variety of qualities in common, such as nature imagery and belief in incarnation. One
similarity between Soyinka's and Clark's poems is the belief in incarnation. Both discuss the Abiku, which is a young child who dies before reaching
puberty and continues to haunt his mother after his passing. First, Soyinka's poem contains specific instances in which the Abiku torments his previous
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For example, it is said that the Abiku will come again when "the snail is burnt in his shell,/Whet the heated fragment, brand me/Deeply on the breast"
(Soyinka 9–10), which is a negative occurrence in nature that would foreshadow something much worse. In addition, it is clear that the Abiku is
returning when "the ground is wet with mourning/White dew suckles flesh–birds" (Soyinka 21–22). In contrast, one significant difference between the
poems by Soyinka and Clark is the format, as one is written in block form and the other is in stanzas. First, the piece by Soyinka contains stanzas,
which are used to group specific ideas and themes together, as well as indicate a shift into a new idea. However, the primary use of this format in
Abiku is to demonstrate the many lives of the Abiku as it continues to torment its mother. This also adds to the belief in incarnation of the African
people. Conversely, Clark use block style poetry in order to demonstrate the circular manner of the Abiku's numerous reincarnations. There is no
separation between the lines, showing that the Abiku keeps on returning with very little break in between. It is interesting to read two pieces of
literature on the same topic, but written in different manners to get a new perspective. For example, Clark's focuses on the circular manner of the
reincarnation, while Soyinka's stanzas demonstrated the many lives of the child. While there are

Analysis Of The Short Story 'Where Did You Get That Name'
What defines the cause that ultimately depicts our take on life? On the surface, people typically see gender as a definable matter, but fail to consider
the variations that exist. Stories provide examples of infectious reasons one views the world as they do. One's identity influences the authenticity of a
situation presented, maturity affects how one contributes to foul behavior, and those reflecting a wide variety of experiences are more adaptable to
foreign circumstances. The background of an individual determines their approach and consideration of situations. The short story "Where Did You Get
That Name?", by Baratunde Thurston, demonstrates this precisely, when Baratunde, a young Nigerian boy, finds himself explaining the origin of his
name to who he refers to as Father Nigeria, saying "I got it from my parents" (Thurston3), only for the interrogation to continue and the man to dismiss
his explanation and ruthlessly assume that Baratunde "[had] no history, no culture, no roots...[and] decided to indict, judge and reject all of African
America." (Thurston3). "Father Nigeria", being marinated in the Nigerian Culture all his life, immediately questioned Baratunde's authenticity. Because
Baratunde was only partially Nigerian, this man reverted to his culturally defensive mentality, and undermined Baratunde's identity. Father Nigeria had
come from purely Nigerian roots, and when a Nigerian exposed to American culture attempted to explain his name, he automatically reacted

Otherness in Euripides' Bacchae and Soyinka's The Bacchae...
Otherness in Euripides'Bacchae and Soyinka's The Bacchae of Euripides
Both Euripides and Wole Soyinka are focused on a fundamental ethical imperative in their plays: welcome the stranger into your midst. Acceptance of
Dionysus as a god, as "an essence that will not exclude or be excluded", is stressed (Soyinka 1). Pentheus is punished severely for excluding, for
refusing to acknowledge or submit to, Dionysus' divine authority. In order to carve out a place for himself (in the pantheon, in the minds of the people),
Dionysus' divinity manifests itself in an overtly political manner: its effect on those who worship him. This struggle for acceptance is first given voice
in the confrontation between Pentheus and Teiresias in each play.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Dionysus' mother being a mortal woman, both Pentheuses also question Dionysus' ascension to the divine. Ironically, Dionysus' lineage is also
intimately connected to Pentheus; they are, in fact, cousins. Nevertheless, Pentheus invokes images of bastardy and usurpation to undercut any
legitimate divine authority claimed by Dionysus.
It is Teiresias, along with Cadmus, Pentheus' father, who first stands as an emissary of Dionysus to refute Pentheus' claims and to warn him of the
dangers that await him. Both Teiresiases understand that Dionysus' divinity is not derived from simple genealogy. Divine authority cannot be
described in solely rational, orderly terms. Dionysus represents the ascendance of "another sound, a new order" (Soyinka 13). Though both blind
prophets urge Pentheus to accept Dionysus, the underlying method of persuasion used by each playwright is distinctly different.
Euripedes' Teiresias advocates worship of Dionysus as a method of self abandonment, while Soyinka's seer espouses acceptance as a fundamental step
toward self knowledge. Joining in the dance is an act of rejuvenation and renewal to the original Teiresias because he is able to lose himself in the
Bacchae. "his [Dionysus'] intention is that all should honor him/ Collectively, not numbered off in dancing groups" (ln 208–9). He is intoxicated with
Dionysus literally and symbolically. To Euripedes' Teiresias, Dionysus' greatest gift is that "he

Theme Of Telephone Conversation By Wole Soyinka
What do telephone conversation by Wole Soyinka, war photographer by Carol Ann Duffy and prayer before birth by Louis Mac Neice have to say
about the difficulties of living in society and how do they say it? In Telephone conversation, the poem is about a racist dialog exchange that happened
in the 1960's in Britain. Written in the first person where the tone of the speaker is very subtle mood with the dramatic change from being tranquil to a
more sarcastic conversation. The theme of racism that the woman conveyed during the conversation and very stereotypical ideas between the social
classes of the speakers. Wole Soyinka also uses other techniques such as Diction to convey her message of racism and lack of communication such as
the words ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The poem is written in the third person making it feel more detached from the readers with the tone being slightly melodic as the photographer feels
remorse that he couldn't help the victims in his pictures. The theme is of remorse and obligation that makes the life of the photographer be directly
open to the readers as they read the poem. Carol's Ann Duffy's also uses other techniques such Imageries to give an idea of the actual message in the
poem such as "The Red lights", lights that are occasionally at church as the photographer tries to relate it to his job being of the holy manner in his
Darkroom. The use of Diction to show pain "Strangest Features twist before his eyes" and sounds such as internal rhymes "tears and beers" to take out
effect and caesura such as "Belfast. Beirut. Phnom Penh", to make those places stand out as he has been

Buchi Emecheta's The Joys of Motherhood and Wole...
Colonial Life in Buchi Emecheta's The Joys of Motherhood and Wole Soyinka's Death and the King's Horseman
Homi Bhaba writes that "colonial mimicry is the desire for a reformed, recognizable Other, as a subject of a difference that is almost the same, but
not quite" (86). The colonizer wants and needs the colonized to be similar to himself, but not the same. If the native continues to behave in his
traditional ways, he brings no economic gain to the colonizer. But, if the colonized changes too much and is found to be exactly the same as the
colonizer, the colonizer is left with no argument for his supremacy. As Bhaba puts it, "in order to be effective, mimicry must continually produce its
slippage, its excess, its difference" (86). ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I may even lose my job" (50). Here Nnaife shows that he only affiliates himself with the church to protect his job. Later, when he no longer works
for Dr. and Mrs. Meers, Nnaife disobeys the church rules on monogamy and inherits one of his deceased brother's wives. Because he no longer
needed the church to keep his job, he abandoned it, displaying that he was not truly a believer of the Christian faith. Nnu Ego appears to be even less
converted to Christianity. She never truly abandons her traditional beliefs. Throughout the novel, she refers to her chi and, in the end, she is even made
into a goddess herself. When she first moved to the city, Nnu Ego admitted that she "did not understand what Christianity was all about," and as she
continued attending church she found that it had become "monotonous attending week after week" (48). Unlike Joseph and Amusa, Nnu Ego never
even appears to accept the colonial religion as her own. Her traditional beliefs continue to guide her throughout the story. Nnu Ego first realizes that
she is pregnant for a second time because of a conversation with her chi, long after she has been living in Lagos, the white man's city. After the
conversation in a dream with her chi, Nnu Ego realized that it would be "difficult to explain it to him. This she knew was a bond between her and her
chi and her coming child. Nnaife had little to do with it. He was

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