Why WWI?
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This document discusses the period known as the Long Nineteenth Century (c. 1885-1915), which represented the zenith of Western Civilization. Known as the Belle Époque, this era ended with the outbreak of World War I in 1914. The war rapidly expanded into a global conflict by 1915 and marked a civilizational shift between the traditionalism of the 19th century and the modernism of the 20th century. The document analyzes the fundamental causes of WWI, arguing it was fought primarily to maintain the aristocratic social and political status quo in Germany, Austria, Russia, and Britain against the rise of populism and socialism.
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Germany and outbreak of ww2 1
Hitler pursued an aggressive foreign policy with three main aims: reversing the Treaty of Versailles, creating a Greater Germany, and gaining living space. He took several steps towards war, including withdrawing Germany from the League of Nations in 1933. Germany was surrounded by countries that allied with France in response. In 1934, Hitler sought to unite Austria with Germany after Austrian Nazis murdered the chancellor, but backed down when Mussolini sent troops to the Austrian border.
Germany and outbreak of the ww2 2
Germany began rearming in the 1930s under Hitler's leadership. Hitler increased the size of the army from 100,000 to 300,000 men in 1933 and to 550,000 men in 1935. He also reintroduced compulsory military service for all German men in 1935. While other countries faced disarmament after World War 1, Germany was able to rearm which some argued helped address unemployment. Britain agreed to allow German naval strength to increase to 35% of the British navy through the Anglo-German Naval Agreement. In 1936, German troops marched into the Rhineland region despite France's objections, exploiting divisions within France and a lack of support from Britain.
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The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary by a Serbian nationalist group in 1914 set off a series of events that led to World War I. Austria-Hungary issued an extreme ultimatum to Serbia in response, and received assurances from Germany if Russia intervened to defend Serbia. By August 1914, the major European powers had chosen sides between the Allied and Central Powers, divided by a system of defense treaties, plunging the world into the first global military conflict.
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: ACHIEVEMENTS AND PROBLEMS DURING THE WEIMAR PERIOD
The document discusses Germany during the Weimar Period from 1923-1929. It describes how Germany experienced economic success during this time due to the leadership of Gustav Stresemann and assistance from Charles Dawes and the Dawes Plan. Stresemann organized a coalition government that stabilized the country and enacted currency reforms. The Dawes Plan and American loans rebuilt the German economy. However, Germany still faced political and economic challenges due to restrictions from the Treaty of Versailles and dependence on foreign aid.
HISTORY IGCSE CONTENT - 20TH CENTURY OPTION - THE ROAD TO WW2: LONG TERM CONS...
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REVISION IGCSE CAMBRIDGE HISTORY: RUHR
The French and Belgians occupied the important manufacturing region of Ruhr in Germany in 1923 because the German economy was weak after World War 1 and could not afford to pay reparations. This led the French and Belgians to take control of Ruhr to obtain payments. The Ruhr Germans responded with strikes and non-cooperation in a campaign of "passive resistance." The occupation resulted in rising unemployment in Germany, shortages of goods, high inflation, and further undermined the fragile Weimar Republic.
Nazi Germany - creating an economy geared towards war
This page discusses the view that the Nazis' goal was always European war, and that the actions they took aimed to ensure Germany's economy was ready for such an event.
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Germany and outbreak of ww2 1
Hitler pursued an aggressive foreign policy with three main aims: reversing the Treaty of Versailles, creating a Greater Germany, and gaining living space. He took several steps towards war, including withdrawing Germany from the League of Nations in 1933. Germany was surrounded by countries that allied with France in response. In 1934, Hitler sought to unite Austria with Germany after Austrian Nazis murdered the chancellor, but backed down when Mussolini sent troops to the Austrian border.
Germany and outbreak of the ww2 2
Germany began rearming in the 1930s under Hitler's leadership. Hitler increased the size of the army from 100,000 to 300,000 men in 1933 and to 550,000 men in 1935. He also reintroduced compulsory military service for all German men in 1935. While other countries faced disarmament after World War 1, Germany was able to rearm which some argued helped address unemployment. Britain agreed to allow German naval strength to increase to 35% of the British navy through the Anglo-German Naval Agreement. In 1936, German troops marched into the Rhineland region despite France's objections, exploiting divisions within France and a lack of support from Britain.
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The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary by a Serbian nationalist group in 1914 set off a series of events that led to World War I. Austria-Hungary issued an extreme ultimatum to Serbia in response, and received assurances from Germany if Russia intervened to defend Serbia. By August 1914, the major European powers had chosen sides between the Allied and Central Powers, divided by a system of defense treaties, plunging the world into the first global military conflict.
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: ACHIEVEMENTS AND PROBLEMS DURING THE WEIMAR PERIOD
The document discusses Germany during the Weimar Period from 1923-1929. It describes how Germany experienced economic success during this time due to the leadership of Gustav Stresemann and assistance from Charles Dawes and the Dawes Plan. Stresemann organized a coalition government that stabilized the country and enacted currency reforms. The Dawes Plan and American loans rebuilt the German economy. However, Germany still faced political and economic challenges due to restrictions from the Treaty of Versailles and dependence on foreign aid.
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HISTORY IGCSE CONTENT - 20TH CENTURY OPTION - THE ROAD TO WW2: HITLER GROWS I...
HISTORY IGCSE CONTENT - 20TH CENTURY OPTION - THE ROAD TO WW2: HITLER GROWS IN CONFIDENCE. Plus Homework.
REVISION IGCSE CAMBRIDGE HISTORY: RUHR
The French and Belgians occupied the important manufacturing region of Ruhr in Germany in 1923 because the German economy was weak after World War 1 and could not afford to pay reparations. This led the French and Belgians to take control of Ruhr to obtain payments. The Ruhr Germans responded with strikes and non-cooperation in a campaign of "passive resistance." The occupation resulted in rising unemployment in Germany, shortages of goods, high inflation, and further undermined the fragile Weimar Republic.
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This page discusses the view that the Nazis' goal was always European war, and that the actions they took aimed to ensure Germany's economy was ready for such an event.
World War 1 Retrospective: A Stratfor Report
Get the full 43-page report here: https://goo.gl/9LpcBw
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During World War 1 and 2 in France, population growth was low due to high death rates and low birth rates. Men were conscripted into the army, many died in battle, and reproduction was halted. Death rates were high in villages and towns targeted during the wars due to bombings and injuries.
In England and Wales, stage 2 of the demographic transition saw vaccination and public health acts lower death rates through reduced disease spread. Banning child labor and poor laws increased birth rates. Stage 3 brought deliberate family restriction, and world wars lowered birth rates while improving health care lowered death rates.
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The document discusses four treaties signed after World War 1 - Treaty of Saint Germain (1919) with Austria, Treaty of Trianon (1920) with Hungary, Treaty of Sevres (1920) with Turkey, and Versailles with Germany. It notes that these treaties punished the defeated countries by taking away land and requiring them to reduce their armed forces. The consequences included new countries being formed from territories of Austria-Hungary, resentment of the terms in Turkey, and new countries governing ethnically diverse populations. The treaties set a pattern of harsh punishment exemplified previously in the Treaty of Versailles.
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World War 2 had widespread impacts across the United States and Germany in terms of economic planning, social changes, and technological/industrial development. In the US, women entered the workforce in factories and shipbuilding. The government instituted wage and price controls and regulated unions. Japanese Americans were discriminated against and forced into internment camps. Germany remilitarized beginning in 1935 in violation of Treaty of Versailles and developed its air force and submarine fleets while instituting discriminatory policies that put many groups in concentration camps.
German culpability for ww1...
The document discusses the rise of Prussian power and influence over the German Empire from 1871-1918. It notes that Prussia's victory over France in 1871 led to increased Prussian militarism and dominance over the political, economic, and geographic structure of the empire. However, Prussia also faced internal problems like a lack of natural resources and pressure for more political power from its growing industrial population. Externally, its alliance with Austria and borders left it vulnerable in a potential two-front war against Russia, France, Britain, and others, whose combined military and economic strength would grow over time relative to Prussia. This geopolitical situation led Prussian military leaders to decide by 1912 to initiate a major war at the
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Dennison Hist 390 things fall apart and then turn to mud
The document discusses the origins and outbreak of World War I through several key events in 1914. It begins with the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand on June 28th, 1914 which increased tensions but did not necessarily mean war was inevitable. A series of political decisions and military mobilizations in July 1914 led countries to take sides along preexisting alliances, turning a regional conflict into a European war. By early August 1914, Germany had invaded Belgium and declared war on France and Russia, drawing the UK into the war as well. The initial battles in 1914 took place in Belgium and northern France as both sides attempted large scale maneuvers, but the fighting soon bogged down into trench warfare on the Western Front.
Causes Of Ww1 Essay
The document discusses several causes of World War 1:
1) Nationalism in countries like Germany and Russia heightened tensions between nations.
2) Imperialism led to rivalry over colonies in Africa and competition for resources, fueling conflict.
3) The system of alliances in Europe meant that when Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia, other nations were obligated to join due to defense agreements, escalating the war.
Long Term Causes Of World War 1 Essay
The document discusses the causes and effects of World War 1. It identifies the three main long-term causes as nationalism, militarism, and imperialism. Nationalism increased tensions between European powers, militarism led to an arms race, and imperialism caused competition over colonies that increased rivalry. Some of the key effects were the establishment of new countries in Europe after the war and hardship for Germany due to the Treaty of Versailles.
Causes Of WWI
While there were many contributing factors, nationalism, imperialism, militarism, and the system of alliances between European powers were the primary causes of World War 1. Nationalism heightened tensions between countries, imperialism led to competition for foreign colonies and markets, and militarism resulted in an arms race. When the Archduke Franz Ferdinand was assassinated, the tightly bound system of alliances caused countries to take sides, escalating the conflict into a world war.
Hist a390 things fall apart and then turn to mud fall 2018
This document summarizes the historiography of the origins of World War I. It discusses how perspectives have changed over time from an initial focus on assigning blame to Germany to more nuanced views about the roles of political elites, alliances, imperialism, and contingency. More recent historians emphasize the short-term decision making of July 1914 and the "culture of war" in Europe, but there is still no consensus on why the war broke out or if it could have been avoided.
Causes Of World War 1 Dbq
The document discusses several causes of World War 1, including militarism, imperialism, and alliances. Militarism increased tensions as countries spent more on arms from 1870-1914. Imperialism also caused conflicts as European powers competed for colonies. However, the key underlying cause was the system of alliances between European countries, which turned a regional conflict between Serbia and Austria-Hungary into a continental war as allies were obligated to join. The network of alliances spread the conflict across Europe.
Contributes To Ww1
Imperialism contributed to the causes of World War 1. Major European powers like Britain, Germany, and France were competing for economic and political influence in Africa in the late 19th century. This increased tensions as their imperial ambitions collided. Nationalism also increased tensions as countries like Germany and Italy unified but territorial disputes remained, like Alsace-Lorraine between Germany and France. Militarism led European powers to increase the size of their standing armies through conscription, enhancing nationalist sentiments and the belief that military power backed diplomatic positions.
Atlas Of The World War I I
This document provides an overview of World War II through summarizing the contents of an atlas about the war. It discusses key events like the German occupation of Paris in 1940 and the US Marines battle at Iwo Jima in 1945. It also provides historical context about the lead up to the war and its devastating global impact. The introduction frames World War II as the culmination of tensions between Britain and Germany over European dominance dating back to World War I.
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The document provides an overview of World War I between 1914-1918. It discusses the initial stalemate on the Western Front as trenches were dug, as well as key events that drew more countries into the war such as Germany's invasion of Belgium in violation of its neutrality. It also mentions Allied propaganda about German atrocities and Wilson's support of the British blockade of Germany despite it violating international law and starving German civilians. The sinking of the passenger ship Lusitania by a German U-boat in 1915, which killed over 100 American citizens on board, increased tensions between the US and Germany.
Cause Of World War 1 Essay
The document provides an overview of some of the key long-term causes of World War 1, including rising nationalism, imperialism, military
alliances, and an arms race. It argues that while the immediate trigger was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, various economic and
political tensions had been intensifying for years leading up to the war. The complex system of alliances meant regional conflicts could escalate into a
global war.
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Schubert Songs, Pt. V
This document provides summaries of 13 songs by Franz Schubert, describing their musical styles and emotional qualities. The songs exhibit a variety of moods from joy and innocence to devotion and longing. Schubert demonstrates perfection of form, sincerity, and a balance between voice and piano. He adapts styles like hymn settings to convey a spectrum of human feelings. The summaries praise Schubert's original modulations, tonal freedom, and ability to follow the sense of lyrics closely.
Schubert Songs, Pt. IV
The document provides summaries of 12 songs by Franz Schubert, describing their musical styles, moods, and structures. It notes that "Nachtgesang" has a broad flowing melody that ends longingly, reflecting the text. "Evangelium Johannis" has a simple stepwise melody suggesting a liturgical ambience. "Totengraber-Weise" has a symmetrical structure where the tolling motif rises step by step, changing the tonality with each phrase like a question and answer.
Schubert Songs, Pt. III
This document provides short analyses of 14 of Schubert's songs, summarizing their musical qualities and emotional themes. It describes songs like "Der Jüngling an der Quelle" as contrasting simplicity with perfection, and "Abendstern" as expressing resigned sadness through epigrammatic sharpness. Other songs discussed include "Schlaflied", praised for its purity and balance, and "Im Abendrot", featuring expressive harmonic inflections while essentially sounding in Ab major. The analyses draw from John Reed's 1997 book "The Schubert Song Companion".
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World War 1 Retrospective: A Stratfor Report
Get the full 43-page report here: https://goo.gl/9LpcBw
The outbreak of war in 1914 was one of the defining geopolitical moments of the 20th century. This report explores how key events and occurrences from the Great War continue to resonate over 100 years later.
CAMBRIDGE AS HISTORY: PAST PAPER EXPLAINED. THE ORIGINS OF WORLD WAR 1 AND RU...
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The document discusses the origins and outbreak of World War I through several key events in 1914. It begins with the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand on June 28th, 1914 which increased tensions but did not necessarily mean war was inevitable. A series of political decisions and military mobilizations in July 1914 led countries to take sides along preexisting alliances, turning a regional conflict into a European war. By early August 1914, Germany had invaded Belgium and declared war on France and Russia, drawing the UK into the war as well. The initial battles in 1914 took place in Belgium and northern France as both sides attempted large scale maneuvers, but the fighting soon bogged down into trench warfare on the Western Front.
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The document discusses several causes of World War 1:
1) Nationalism in countries like Germany and Russia heightened tensions between nations.
2) Imperialism led to rivalry over colonies in Africa and competition for resources, fueling conflict.
3) The system of alliances in Europe meant that when Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia, other nations were obligated to join due to defense agreements, escalating the war.
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The document discusses the causes and effects of World War 1. It identifies the three main long-term causes as nationalism, militarism, and imperialism. Nationalism increased tensions between European powers, militarism led to an arms race, and imperialism caused competition over colonies that increased rivalry. Some of the key effects were the establishment of new countries in Europe after the war and hardship for Germany due to the Treaty of Versailles.
Causes Of WWI
While there were many contributing factors, nationalism, imperialism, militarism, and the system of alliances between European powers were the primary causes of World War 1. Nationalism heightened tensions between countries, imperialism led to competition for foreign colonies and markets, and militarism resulted in an arms race. When the Archduke Franz Ferdinand was assassinated, the tightly bound system of alliances caused countries to take sides, escalating the conflict into a world war.
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This document summarizes the historiography of the origins of World War I. It discusses how perspectives have changed over time from an initial focus on assigning blame to Germany to more nuanced views about the roles of political elites, alliances, imperialism, and contingency. More recent historians emphasize the short-term decision making of July 1914 and the "culture of war" in Europe, but there is still no consensus on why the war broke out or if it could have been avoided.
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The document discusses several causes of World War 1, including militarism, imperialism, and alliances. Militarism increased tensions as countries spent more on arms from 1870-1914. Imperialism also caused conflicts as European powers competed for colonies. However, the key underlying cause was the system of alliances between European countries, which turned a regional conflict between Serbia and Austria-Hungary into a continental war as allies were obligated to join. The network of alliances spread the conflict across Europe.
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Imperialism contributed to the causes of World War 1. Major European powers like Britain, Germany, and France were competing for economic and political influence in Africa in the late 19th century. This increased tensions as their imperial ambitions collided. Nationalism also increased tensions as countries like Germany and Italy unified but territorial disputes remained, like Alsace-Lorraine between Germany and France. Militarism led European powers to increase the size of their standing armies through conscription, enhancing nationalist sentiments and the belief that military power backed diplomatic positions.
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This document provides an overview of World War II through summarizing the contents of an atlas about the war. It discusses key events like the German occupation of Paris in 1940 and the US Marines battle at Iwo Jima in 1945. It also provides historical context about the lead up to the war and its devastating global impact. The introduction frames World War II as the culmination of tensions between Britain and Germany over European dominance dating back to World War I.
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The document provides an overview of World War I between 1914-1918. It discusses the initial stalemate on the Western Front as trenches were dug, as well as key events that drew more countries into the war such as Germany's invasion of Belgium in violation of its neutrality. It also mentions Allied propaganda about German atrocities and Wilson's support of the British blockade of Germany despite it violating international law and starving German civilians. The sinking of the passenger ship Lusitania by a German U-boat in 1915, which killed over 100 American citizens on board, increased tensions between the US and Germany.
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The document provides an overview of some of the key long-term causes of World War 1, including rising nationalism, imperialism, military
alliances, and an arms race. It argues that while the immediate trigger was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, various economic and
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World-Power Competition in Asia...
This document summarizes the increasing competition and conflict between world powers in Eastern Asia from 1890 to 1945. It describes how a weakened China was vulnerable to exploitation and domination by Western and Japanese imperialist ambitions. Japan emerged as the dominant regional power after defeating China in the First Sino-Japanese War (1894-95) and Russia in the Russo-Japanese War (1904-05). By the late 1930s, Japan was at war with China and sought to contain Western and Russian influence, leading to its involvement in World War II against the Allied forces.
Schubert's Style of Song...
The document discusses Franz Schubert's style of song composition. It notes that after Beethoven's influential song cycle An die ferne Geliebte, Schubert aimed to further elevate the genre of art song. The document analyzes several of Schubert's songs in detail, praising his refinement of melody, harmony, rhythm, mood, and sincerity. It highlights how Schubert's songs are miniature masterpieces that encapsulate the essence of Romantic nostalgia through their atmospheric and impressionistic qualities.
Skryabin & Cosmo Art...
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Debussy et la Belle Époque
Debussy flourished as a composer in late 19th century France during the Belle Époque period, which saw a rich cultural efflorescence across Europe and the United States. In this fertile milieu, Debussy synthesized many cultural ideas into his own creative aesthetic expressions, which he expounded through compositions for solo piano, chamber ensembles, and larger works for the stage and theater. His personal style incorporated perceptions of artistic movements like Realism, Impressionism, Romanticism, Symbolism, and Naturalism.
Bruckner...
Bruckner was influenced by his fellow Austrian composer Schubert in his aesthetic approach, adopting affecting harmonic turns, bucolic phraseology, and lofty imagination in his works. He was also heavily influenced by Wagner's large-scale compositions with expansive blocks of material building to stunning conclusions. Additionally, Bruckner was a talented cathedral organist who performed concerts with great success in France and England.
Distopian Nightmare...
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Why WWI?
- 2. C u l t u r a l h i s t o r y c o n s t r u e s t h e p h e n o m e n o n o f t h e ‘ L o n g X I X t h C e n t u r y ’ .
- 4. This period (c. 1885 - 1915) was the ‘Belle Époque’ w hi ch r epr esents a veritable zenith of Western Civilization.
- 5. The European General War began in August 1914, and was widely expected to be settled before t h e e n d o f t h a t y e a r .
- 6. Sadly, however, the Continental War r a p i d l y m o r p h e d i n t o g l o b a l w a r b y J a n u a r y 1 9 1 5 .
- 8. T hi s ci vi l i zati onal cut was mani fested by post - war di f fer ences i n: ( 1 ) demog r a phi cs, (2 ) technol og y, ( 3 ) phi l osophy, ( 4 ) aestheti cs, (5 ) economi cs, and ( 6 ) geo - pol i ti cs - - al l separ ati ng 19th C traditionalism f r o m 20th C moder nism.
- 9. But why? Why? Why was this catastrophic war conducted? For what reasons? To benefit whom? Cui bono ? There are reasons geo-political, geo-strategic, geo-economic; yet, a fundamental socio-cultural historical critique remains.
- 10. Primarily, WWI was fought by Germany, Austria, Russia, and Britain to maintain the domestic sociopolitical status quo of a r i s t o c r a t i c d o m i n a n c e a g a i n s t r i s i n g p o p u l i s t s o c i a l i s m .
- 11. Secondarily, WWI was fought by Britain, France, and Russia to maintain their relative nationalistic freedom against the economic, industrial, military, and political dominance of Prussia.
- 12. Lastly, WWI was fought by USA and Japan to advance their n a t i o n a l i s t i c f u t u r e i n t e r e s t s .
- 13. Fundamentally, WWI was an horrible struggle of the past with the future: i t w a s a d e v a s t a t i n g cultur al tr ansfor mation f r o m traditionalism into modernism.