Animal agriculture is a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, water consumption, and land use according to this document. Some key points: - Animal agriculture accounts for at least 32,000 million tons of carbon dioxide per year, or 51% of worldwide greenhouse gas emissions. - It requires about 34-76 trillion gallons of water annually, with livestock feed crops alone consuming 56% of US water. Over 2,500 gallons are needed to produce 1 pound of beef. - Livestock occupies about 1/3 of earth's ice-free land and 45% of the planet's total land. Nearly half of the contiguous US is devoted to animal agriculture.

1. Vegan Facts from
Cowspiracy.com
Subtitle

2. GREENHOUSE GASES
 Animal agriculture is responsible for 18 percent of greenhouse gas
emissions, more than the combined exhaust from all transportation. [i]
 Fao.org. Spotlight: Livestock impacts on the environment.
 Transportation exhaust is responsible for 13% of all greenhouse gas
emissions. [.i]
 Greenhouse gas emissions from this sector primarily involve fossil fuels
burned for road, rail, air, and marine transportation.
 Fao.org. Spotlight: Livestock impacts on the environment.
 Environmental Protection Agency. “Global Emissions.”

3. GREENHOUSE GASES
 Livestock and their byproducts account for at least 32,000 million tons of
carbon dioxide (CO2) per year, or 51% of all worldwide greenhouse gas
emissions.
 Goodland, R Anhang, J. “Livestock and Climate Change: What if the key
actors in climate change were pigs, chickens and cows?”
 WorldWatch, November/December 2009. Worldwatch Institute, Washington,
DC, USA. Pp. 10–19.
 Animal Feed Science and Technology “comment to editor” Goodland,
Anhang.
 The Independent, article Nov. 2009.

4. GREENHOUSE GASES
 Methane is 25-100 times more destructive than CO2 on a 20 year time
frame.
 “Improved Attribution of Climate Forcing to Emissions.” Science Magazine.
 Methane has a global warming potential 86 times that of CO2 on a 20 year
time frame.
 (Please note the following PDF is very large and may take a while to load)
 “Improved Attribution of Climate Forcing to Emissions.” Science Magazine.
 Livestock is responsible for 65% of all human-related emissions of nitrous
oxide – a greenhouse gas with 296 times the global warming potential of
carbon dioxide, and which stays in the atmosphere for 150 years.
 “Livestock’s Long Shadow: Environmental Issues and Options.” Food and
Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 2006.

5. GREENHOUSE GASES
 Emissions for agriculture projected to increase 80% by 2050.
 http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v515/n7528/full/nature13959.html
 Energy related emissions expected to increase 20% by 2040.
 Energy Global Hydrocarbon Engineering
 IEA, World Energy Outlook 2014
 US Methane emissions from livestock and natural gas are nearly equal.
 EPA. "Overview of Greenhouse Gases."

6. GREENHOUSE GASES
 Cows produce 150 billion gallons of methane per day. [xi]
 Ross, Philip. “Cow farts have ‘larger greenhouse gas impact’ than previously thought;
methane pushes climate change.” International Business Times. 2013.
 250-500 liters per cow per day, x 1.5 billion cows globally is 99 - 198.1 billion gallons.
Rough average of 150 billion gallons CH4 globally per day.
 Converting to wind and solar power will take 20+ years and roughly 43 trillion dollars.
 The Cost Of Going Green Globally
 Even without fossil fuels, we will exceed our 565 gigatonnes CO2e limit by 2030, all from
raising animals.
 Oppenlander, Richard A. Food Choice and Sustainability: Why Buying Local, Eating Less
Meat, and Taking Baby Steps Won’t Work. . Minneapolis, MN : Langdon Street, 2013. Print.
 Source: calculation is based on http://www.worldwatch.org/node/6294 analyses that 51%
of GHG are attributed to animal ag.

7. GREENHOUSE GASES
 Reducing methane emissions would create tangible benefits almost
immediately.
 U.N. Press Release, Climate Summit 2014.

8. WATER
 Fracking (hydraulic fracturing) water use ranges from 70-140 billion gallons
annually.
 “Draft Plan to Study the Potential Impacts of Hydraulic Fracturing on Drinking
Water Resources.” EPA Office of Research and Development. United States
Environmental Protection Agency, 2011.
 Animal agriculture water consumption ranges from 34-76 trillion gallons
annually. [ii] [xv]
 Pimentel, David, et al. “Water Resources: Agricultural And Environmental
Issues.” BioScience 54, no. 10 (2004): 909-18.
 Barber, N.L., “Summary of estimated water use in the United States in 2005: U.S.
Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2009–3098.”
 Agriculture is responsible for 80-90% of US water consumption. [xv]
 “USDA ERS – Irrigation & Water Use.” United States Department of Agriculture
Economic Research Service. 2013.

9. WATER
 Growing feed crops for livestock consumes 56% of water in the US. [xv]
 Jacobson, Michael F. “More and Cleaner Water.” In Six Arguments for a
Greener Diet: How a More Plant-based Diet Could save Your Health and the
Environment. Washington, DC: Center for Science in the Public Interest, 2006.
 Californians use 1500 gallons of water per person per day. Close to Half is
associated with meat and dairy products.
 Pacific Institute, "California's Water Footprint"

10. WATER
 2,500 gallons of water are needed to produce 1 pound of beef.
 (NOTE. The amount of water used to produce 1lb. of beef vary greatly from 442 - 8000 gallons. We choose
to use in the film the widely cited conservative number of 2500 gallons per pound of US beef from Dr. George
Borgstrom, Chairman of Food Science and Human Nutrition Dept of College of Agriculture and Natural
Resources, Michigan State University, "Impacts on Demand for and Quality of land and Water." )
 Oxford Journals. "Water Resources: Agricultural and Environmental Issues"
 The World's Water. "Water Content of Things"
 Journal of Animal Science. "Estimation of the water requirement for beef production in the United States."
 Robbins, John. “2,500 Gallons, All Wet?” EarthSave
 Meateater’s Guide to Climate Change & Health.” Environmental Working Group.
 “Water Footprint Assessment.” University of Twente, the Netherlands.
 Oppenlander, Richard A. Food Choice and Sustainability: Why Buying Local, Eating Less Meat, and Taking
Baby Steps Won’t Work. Minneapolis, MN: Langdon Street, 2013. Print

11. WATER
 477 gallons of water are required to produce 1lb. of eggs; almost 900
gallons of water are needed for 1lb. of cheese.
 “Meateater’s Guide to Climate Change & Health.” Environmental Working
Group.
 1,000 gallons of water are required to produce 1 gallon of milk.
 Water Footprint Network, "Product Water Footprints".

 A Global Assessment of the Water Footprint of Farm Animal Products, WFN.

12. WATER
 5% of water consumed in the US is by private homes. 55% of water consumed
in the US is for animal agriculture. [xv]
 Jacobson, Michael F. “More and Cleaner Water.” In Six Arguments for a Greener
Diet: How a More Plant-based Diet Could save Your Health and the Environment.
Washington, DC: Center for Science in the Public Interest, 2006.
 Animal Agriculture is responsible for 20%-33% of all fresh water consumption in
the world today.
 1/5 of global water consumption:
 27%-30%+ of global water consummation is for animal agriculture.
 1/3 of global fresh water consumed is for animal ag.
 “Freshwater Abuse and Loss: Where Is It All Going?” Forks Over Knives.

13. LAND
 Livestock or livestock feed occupies 1/3 of the earth’s ice-free land.
 FAO. "Livestock a major threat to environment"
 Livestock covers 45% of the earth’s total land.
 Thornton, Phillip, Mario Herrero, and Polly Ericksen. “Livestock and Climate
Change.” Livestock Exchange, no. 3 (2011).
 IPCC AR5 WG# Chapter 11, Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Us (AFOLU)

14. LAND
 Animal agriculture is the leading cause of species extinction, ocean dead zones, water pollution, and habitat
destruction. [xix] [iv]
 Animal agriculture contributes to species extinction in many ways. In addition to the monumental habitat
destruction caused by clearing forests and converting land to grow feed crops and for animal grazing,
predators and "competition" species are frequently targeted and hunted because of a perceived threat to
livestock profits. The widespread use of pesticides, herbicides and chemical fertilizers used in the production
of feed crops often interferes with the reproductive systems of animals and poison waterways. The
overexploitation of wild species through commercial fishing, bushmeat trade as well as animal agriculture’s
impact on climate change, all contribute to global depletion of species and resources. [XIX]
 Oppenlander, Richard A. Food Choice and Sustainability: Why Buying Local, Eating Less Meat, and Taking
Baby Steps Won’t Work. . Minneapolis, MN : Langdon Street, 2013. Print.
 Comfortably Unaware. Oppenlander.
 NOAA, "what is a dead zone".
 Scientific America, "What Causes Ocean "Dead Zones"?".
 “What’s the Problem?” United States Environmental Protection Agency.
 “

15. LAND
 Livestock operations on land have created more than 500 nitrogen flooded
deadzones around the world in our oceans.
 PRESS RELEASE, LOUISIANA UNIVERSITIES MARINE CONSORTIUM August 4,
2014
 NOAA News, 2014.
 Largest mass extinction in 65 million years.
 Niles Eldredge, "The Sixth Extinction".
 Mass extinction of species has begun.
 Accelerated modern human–induced species losses: Entering the sixth mass
extinction

16. LAND
 2-5 acres of land are used per cow.
 The Diverse Structure and Organization of U.S. Beef Cow-Calf Farms / EIB-73: study by
USDA - Economic Research Service ( for acres/cow- pages 12 and 13)
 Oppenlander, Richard A. Food Choice and Sustainability: Why Buying Local, Eating Less
Meat, and Taking Baby Steps Won’t Work.
 Minneapolis, MN: Langdon Street, 2013. Print.
 Nearly half of the contiguous US is devoted to animal agriculture.
 The US lower 48 states represents 1.9 billion acres. Of that 1.9 billion acres: 778 million
acres of private land are used for livestock grazing (forest grazing, pasture grazing, and
crop grazing), 345 million acres for feed crops, 230 million acres of public land are used
for grazing livestock.
 U.S. extrapolated data from EPA, Land Uses.
 Versterby, Marlow; Krupa, Kenneth. “Major uses of land in the United States.” Updated
2012. USDA Economic Research Service.

17. LAND
 1/3 of the planet is desertified, with livestock as the leading driver. [xviii]
 “UN launches international year of deserts and desertification.” UN news centre,
2006.
 Oppenlander, Richard A. Less Meat, and Taking Baby Steps Won’t Work.
Minneapolis, MN : Langdon Street, 2013. Print.
 UWC, “Desertification".
 The Encyclopedia of Earth, "Overgrazing".
 UN, "Desertification, Drought Affect One Third of Planet, World’s Poorest People,
Second Committee Told as It Continues Debate on Sustainable Development".
 An article that explains desertification and livestock’s role:


18. WASTE
 Every minute, 7 million pounds of excrement are produced by animals raised for
food in the US.
 This doesn’t include the animals raised outside of USDA jurisdiction or in
backyards, or the billions of fish raised in aquaculture settings in the US. [v]
 “What’s the Problem?” United States Environmental Protection Agency.
 Agricultural Waste Management Field Handbook, USDA
 335 million tons of “dry matter” is produced annually by livestock in the US.“FY-
2005 Annual Report Manure and Byproduct Utilization National Program
206.” USDA Agricultural Research Service. 2008.
 A farm with 2,500 dairy cows produces the same amount of waste as a city of
411,000 people. [vi]
 “Risk Assessment Evaluation for Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations.” U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency – Office of Research and Development. 2004.

19. WASTE
 130 times more animal waste than human waste is produced in the US – 1.4
billion tons from the meat industry annually. 5 tons of animal waste is produced
per person in the US. [xii]
 Animal agriculture: waste management practices. United States General
Accounting Office.
 In the U.S. livestock produce 116,000 lbs of waste per second:
 -Dairy Cows, 120lbs of waste per day x 9 million cows.
 -Cattle, 63lbs of waste per day, x 90 million cattle.
 -Pigs, 14lbs. of waste per day, x 67 million pigs.
 -Sheep/Goats. 5lbs of waste per day, x 9 million sheep/goats.
 -Poultry, .25-1lbs of waste per day, x 9 billion birds.

20. WASTE
 Animals produce Enough waste to cover SF, NYC, Tokyo, etc,
 based off 1lb of waste per 1sqft at 1.4 billion tons.
 US Livestock produce 335 million tons of “dry matter” per year.

21. OCEANS
 3/4 of the world’s fisheries are exploited or depleted.
 “Overfishing: A Threat to Marine Biodiversity.” UN News Center.
 “General Situation of World Fish Stocks.” United Nations Food and Agriculture
Organization (FAO).
 We could see fishless oceans by 2048.
 Science, "Impacts of Biodiversity Loss on Ocean Ecosystem Services".
 National Geographic, article Nov. 2006
 90-100 million tons of fish are pulled from our oceans each year. [vii]
 “World Review of Fisheries and Aquaculture.” UNITED NATIONS FOOD AND AGRICULTURE
ORGANIZATION (FAO). 2012. (pg 6, 20)
 Montaigne, fen. “Still waters: The global fish crisis.” National Geographic.

22. OCEANS
 As many as 2.7 trillion animals are pulled from the ocean each year.
 A Mood and P Brooke, July 2010, "Estimating the Number of Fish Caught in
Global Fishing Each Year".
 Montaigne, fen. “Still waters: The global fish crisis.” National Geographic.
 For every 1 pound of fish caught, up to 5 pounds of unintended marine species
are caught and discarded as by-kill. [viii]
 “Discards and Bycatch in Shrimp Trawl Fisheries.” UNITED NATIONS FOOD AND
AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION (FAO).
 As many as 40% (63 billion pounds) of fish caught globally every year are
discarded.
 Wasted Catch: Unsolved Problems in U.S. Fisheries
 Goldenberg, Suzanne. “America’s Nine Most Wasteful Fisheries Named.” The
Guardian.

23. OCEANS
 Scientists estimate as many as 650,000 whales, dolphins and seals are killed every year by
fishing vessels.
 Wasted Catch: Unsolved Problems in U.S. Fisheries
 Goldenberg, Suzanne. “America’s Nine Most Wasteful Fisheries Named.” The Guardian.
 Fish catch peaks at 85 million tons.
 “World Review of Fisheries and Aquaculture.” UNITED NATIONS FOOD AND AGRICULTURE
ORGANIZATION (FAO). 2012.
 40-50 million sharks killed in fishing lines and nets.
 Shark Savers, "Shark Fin Trade Myths and Truths: BYCATCH”. Bonfil, R. 2000. The problem
of incidental catches of sharks and rays, its likely consequences and some possible
solutions. Sharks 2000 Conference, Hawaii, 21-24 February
 Animal Welfare Institute

24. RAINFOREST
 Animal agriculture is responsible for up to 91% of Amazon destruction.
 World Bank. "Causes of Deforestation of theBrazilian Amazon”
 Margulis, Sergio. Causes of Deforestation of the Brazilian Rainforest. Washington: World Bank Publications,
2003.
 WORLD BANK WORKING PAPER NO. 22
 Oppenlander, Richard A. Food Choice and Sustainability: Why Buying Local, Eating Less Meat, and Taking
Baby Steps Won’t Work. . Minneapolis, MN : Langdon Street, 2013. Print.
 1-2 acres of rainforest are cleared every second.
 “Avoiding Unsustainable Rainforest Wood.” Rainforest Relief.
 Facts about the rainforest.
 Rainforest facts.
 World Resources Institute, "Keeping Options Alive".

25. RAINFOREST
 The leading causes of rainforest destruction are livestock and feedcrops.
 “Livestock impacts on the environment.” Food and agriculture organization of the United
Nations (fao). 2006.
 Up to137 plant, animal and insect species are lost every day due to rainforest destruction.
 “Rainforest statistics and facts.” Save the amazon.
 RAN, Fact Page.
 Tropical Rain Forest Information Center, NASA Earth Science Information Partner
 Monga Bay, "What is Deforestation?".
 150-200 species per day are lost per day, The Secretariat of the Convention on Biological
Diversity
 26 million rainforest acres (10.8m hectares) have been cleared for palm oil production. [ix]
 “Indonesia: palm oil expansion unaffected by forest moratorium.” USDA Foreign Agricultural
Service. 2013.

26. RAINFOREST
 136 million rainforest acres cleared for animal agriculture.
 “AMAZON DESTRUCTION.” MONGA BAY.
 214,000 square miles occupied by cattle (136 million acres):
 1,100 Land activists have been killed in Brazil in the past 20 years. [x]
 Batty, David. “Brazilian faces retrial over murder of environmental activist
nun in Amazon.” The Guardian. 2009.
 20 years ago the Amazon lost its strongest advocate.
 Further reading on Sister Dorothy Stang.
 http://www.sndohio.org/sister-dorothy/

27. Wildlife
 USDA predator killing of wild animals to protect livestock.
 http://www.predatordefense.org/USDA.htm
 Washington state killed the wedge pack of wolves.
 http://www.thewildlifenews.com/2012/09/22/wedge-wolf-pack-will-be-
killed-because-of-increasing-beef-consumption/
 More wild horses and burros in government holding facilities than are free on
the range.
 BLM holding population: 49,021
 BLM on the range population: 33,780

28. Wildlife
 Ten thousand years ago, 99% of biomass (i.e. zoomass) was wild animals.
Today, humans and the animals that we raise as food make up 98% of the
zoomass.
 Vaclav Smil, Harvesting the Biosphere: The Human Impact, Population and
Development Review 37(4): 613-36, December 2011. The proportions are of
mass measures in dry weight.
 Harvesting the Biosphere: The Human Impact,Vaclav Smil
 New York Times Jul 2013

29. HUMANITY
 414 billion dollars in externalized cost from animal ag. [xvi]
 Simon, David Robinson. "Meatonomics" Conari Press (September 1, 2013)
 Huffington Post, Sept 2013.
 Why A Big Mac Should Cost $200
 Global Environmental costs of Animal Agriculture estimated at $170 billion
 80% of antibiotic sold in the US are for livestock.
 Center For A Livable Future, "New FDA Numbers Reveal Food Animals Consume Lion’s Share of Antibiotics”.
 FDA 2009, "Antimicrobials Sold or Distributed for Use in Food-Producing Animals".
 World population in 1812: 1 billion; 1912: 1.5 billion; 2012: 7 billion.
 “Human numbers through time.” Nova science programming.
 Harvesting the Biosphere: The Human Impact,Vaclav Smil

30. HUMANITY
 70 billion farmed animals are reared annually worldwide. More than 6 million animals are killed for food every
hour.
 A well-fed world. factory farms.
 Compassion In World Farming. Strategic Plan 2013-2017
 ADAPTT. "The Animal Kill Counter"
 Oppenlander, Richard A. Less Meat, and Taking Baby Steps Won’t Work. Minneapolis, MN : Langdon Street,
2013. Print.

 Throughout the world, humans drink 5.2 billion gallons of water and eat 21 billion pounds of food each day.
 Based on rough averages of 0.75 gallons of water and 3 lbs of food per day. water - 1/2 - 1 gallon
 food - 3lbs globally per capita per day
 US Americans consume 5.3lbs of food per day

31. HUMANITY
 Worldwide, cows drink 45 billion gallons of water and eat 135 billion pounds
of food each day.
 Based on rough average of 30 gallons of water and 90 lbs of feed per
day for 1.5 billion cows.
 We are currently growing enough food to feed 10 billion people.
 Common Dreams, "We Already Grow Enough Food for 10 Billion People… and
Still Can’t End Hunger".
 Cornell Chronicle, "U.S. could feed 800 million people with grain that
livestock eat, Cornell ecologist advises animal scientists".
 IOP Science, Redefining agricultural yields: from tonnes to people nourished
per hectare

32. HUMANITY
 Worldwide, at least 50% of grain is fed to livestock.
 FAO, "Livestock - a driving force for food security and sustainable development".
 Global Issues, "BEEF".
 Wisconsin Soybean Association, "U.S. and Wisconsin Soybean Facts".
 82% of starving children live in countries where food is fed to animals, and the animals are
eaten by western countries.
 http://comfortablyunaware.com/blog/the-world-hunger-food-choice-connection-a-
summary/
 80% of the worlds starving children live in 14 countries. (figure 5)
 Livestock production country list
 Livestock global mapping

33. HUMANITY
 15x more protein on any given area of land with plants, rather than animals.
 “Soy Benefits”. National Soybean Research Laboratory. Retrieved 2010-04-
18.
 The average American consumes 209 pounds of meat per year.
 Note: created from averages of 4 different studies. Center For a Livable
Future, "How much meat do we eat, anyway?"
 Haney, Shaun. “How much do we eat?” Real agriculture. 2012. (276 lbs)
 “US meat, poultry production & consumption” American Meat Institute.
2009. (233.9 lbs)
 Bernard, Neal. “Do we eat too much?” Huffington Post. (200 lbs)

34. HUMANITY
 Dairy consumption may lead to breast lumps.
 http://www.telegraph.co.uk/foodanddrink/healthyeating/10868428/Give-
up-dairy-products-to-beat-cancer.html
 Dairy may “give guys man-boobs”
 http://chestsculpting.com/milk-and-dairy-for-guys-with-man-boobs/
 World Population grows 228,000+ people everyday.
 https://www.populationinstitute.org/programs/gpso/gpso/
 World Population Data Sheet

35. HUMANITY
 Land required to feed 1 person for 1 year:
 Vegan: 1/6th acre
 Vegetarian: 3x as much as a vegan
 Meat Eater: 18x as much as a vegan [xvii]
 Robbins, John. Diet for a New America, StillPoint Publishing, 1987, p. 352
 “Our food our future.” Earthsave.
 PNAS. Land, irrigation water, greenhouse gas, and reactive nitrogen burdens of
meat, eggs, and dairy production in the United States
 “Soy Benefits”. National Soybean Research Laboratory. Retrieved 2010-04-18.
 Direct Seeded Vegetable Crops, Johnny Seeds.

36. HUMANITY
 1.5 acres can produce 37,000 pounds of plant-based food.
 1.5 acres can produce 375 pounds of meat.
 Oppenlander, Richard A. Less Meat, and Taking Baby Steps Won’t Work.
Minneapolis, MN : Langdon Street, 2013. Print.
 Direct Seeded Vegetable Crops, Johnny Seeds.
 USDA NASS, "One Acre of Washington's farmers land"
 Iowa State University Animal Industry Report 2012.

37. HUMANITY
 A person who follows a vegan diet produces the equivalent of 50% less carbon
dioxide, uses 1/11th oil, 1/13th water, and 1/18th land compared to a meat-
lover for their food. [xx]
 CO2: "The Carbon Footprint of 5 Diets Compared." Shrink The Footprint.
 “Dietary greenhouse gas emissions of meat-eaters, fish-eaters, vegetarians and
vegans in the UK.” Climactic change, 2014.
 Oil, water: “Sustainability of meat-based and plant-based diets and the
environment.” The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2003.
 One Green Planet, "Meat The Truth".
 Robbins, John. "Food Revolution". Conari Press, 2001
 Land [xvii]: “Our food our future.” Earthsave.

38. HUMANITY
 Each day, a person who eats a vegan diet saves 1,100 gallons of water, 45
pounds of grain, 30 sq ft of forested land, 20 lbs CO2 equivalent, and one
animal’s life. [xiv]
 “Water Footprint Assessment.” University of Twente, the Netherlands.
 “Measuring the daily destruction of the world’s rainforests.” Scientific American,
2009.
 “Dietary greenhouse gas emissions of meat-eaters, fish-eaters, vegetarians and
vegans in the UK.” Climactic change, 2014.
 “Meat eater’s guide to climate change and health.” The Environmental Working
Group.
 Oppenlander, Richard A. Less Meat, and Taking Baby Steps Won’t Work.
Minneapolis, MN : Langdon Street, 2013. Print.
 Further reading on US food disparagement law
 https://www.cspinet.org/foodspeak/laws/existlaw.htm

39. THE CURRENT DISEASE EPIDEMIC – REACHING
CRISIS POINT
Despite major advances in science and technology, the human race has never
been so diseased.
 1 in 3 Americans will die of Cancer. [National Center for Health Statistics]
 1 in 2 Americans will die of Heart Disease. [National Center for Health
Statistics]
 26 million Americans are diagnosed with Diabetes (35% of the population
has Diabetes, but has not been diagnosed yet). [Center for Disease Control
(CDC)]
 43 million Americans suffer from Arthritis. ). [Center for Disease Control
(CDC)]
 Autoimmune Diseases affect 1 out of 5 people in U.S.A. [American
Autoimmune Related Disease Association]
 Osteoporosis affects 28 million Americans. [American Academy of
Orthopaedic Surgeons]
 64% of the American population is overweight. [Center for Disease Control
(CDC)]

40. Cost of Treatment
 In the US—a 10 trillion-dollar economy—the cost of treating patients has
reached an astronomical $2.7 trillion as of 2011(CNN), and is the fastest
growing sector of the economy.
 Despite billions of dollars being spent on discovering drugs for Cancer,
Cancer has gone from being the #8 cause of death in 1970 in the US to the
#2 cause currently.
 A child under the age of three has a 1 in 2 chance of developing Cancer in its
lifetime. And at the same time the cost of health care is getting bigger and
we as a society continue to get sicker.
 This situation is quite simply horrific, and utterly unsustainable. One hundred
years ago heart disease, cancer, and diabetes were virtually non-existent,
except in rare cases. Now they’re rampant.

41. WHAT’S GOING ON?
 WE HAVE AN EPIDEMIC ON OUR HANDS! WHY ISN'T ANYONE SAYING
ANYTHING ABOUT THIS??! WHY DON'T WE HEAR ABOUT THIS EVERY DAY ON
THE NEWS???

42. THE FACTS:
 There are about 700,000 doctors in the US. In the US alone, $2.7 trillion were
spent on health care in 2011!!(CNN) – that is MORE than the total Gross
National Product in 124 out of the world's 130 industrial countries.
 What’s the result for all this spending?
 The US leads the developed world in deaths from heart disease, prostate
cancer, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, and diabetes.
 The countries that use the most medicine are the most unhealthy.
 In 1968, America declared war on cancer.
 By February 1994, the Journal of the American Medical Association declared
the war on cancer a failure.

43. THE BIGGER PICTURE
 As I mentioned previously, your body is the result of billions of years of
evolutionary perfection.
 It is a beautifully created, perfectly and delicately balanced self-healing
organism.
 OUR BODY : THE “2-BILLION YEAR-OLD CAR” METAPHOR Imagine if you will,
that you are driving a 2-billion year old car.
 An all-natural, organic, living, breathing car… For 2 billion years, this car has
been using fuel such as: water / seeds / nuts / grasses / herbs / roots /
fruits / vegetables / cereals (uncooked, by the way – not processed until all
their natural goodness is totally and utterly destroyed…)
 THAT'S the fuel it is used to. MOREOVER, THAT'S the fuel its entire system is
based upon. It was MADE from that stuff.

44. THAT'S RIGHT – IT WOULD BREAK DOWN.
 Then, suddenly, after 2,000,000,000 years…
 that car switches over to – for the last 100 years –
 a new, modern mixture of:
 sugar / sweets / biscuits / crisps / chocolate / coffee, tea, coca-cola /
fats & oils / cigarettes / alcohol / vinegar / pharmaceutical drugs /
caffeine / chemicals, pesticides, and preservatives (loads of them) / meat
(loads of it) / milk, cheese, ice-cream / refined carbohydrates
 with ZERO nutritional value (white rice, white flour, white sugar, pasta,
bread…) etc. What do you think would happen to this 'vehicle’? THAT'S RIGHT
– IT WOULD BREAK DOWN.

45. THE "MOSQUITO & STALE POND"
 For every health challenge out there, all you ever hear in the media or from
doctors (the 'mechanic') is: take this drug or that drug.
 Simply go to Dr. FeelGood & pop a pill to make yourself feel all better again…
Sure… take drugs to make the symptom go away...
 But what about the SOURCE of the problem? THE "MOSQUITO & STALE POND"
METAPHOR
 If you kill all the mosquitoes around a stale pond with DDT chemicals, you won't
have mosquitoes for a little while.
 But since the SOURCE of the problem is still there – the stale, disgusting pond
where mosquitoes can find food and a propitious ground for laying their eggs –
mosquitoes will come back!
 It's the same with your body! You need to eradicate THE SOURCE, THE ROOT of
your health problems. You see, ultimately, any ailment you experience comes
from a breakdown within your body.

46. "The violation of simple laws of nature that
make our body function."
 Deepak Chopra refers to this as "The violation of simple laws of nature that
make our body function."
 The richest – read: most industrialized, modern, far-from-natural – societies
have the highest incidence of Cancer, Diabetes, Heart Disease, Arthritis,
Osteoporosis, Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Fatigue, Fibromyalgia… despite the
billions spent on so-called 'cures' by the pharmaceutical industry.
 So… the most 'modern' societies are the sickliest on the planet.

47. Food for Life
Healthy Eating to Tackle Diabetes
Neal Barnard, MD
President, Physicians Committee for
Responsible Medicine
Adjunct Associate Professor of Medicine
George Washington University School of
Medicine

48. U.S. Per Capita Meat Intake (lb)
1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
Source:US Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service,
http://www.ers.usda.gov/Data/FoodConsumption/FoodAvailSpreadsheets.htm#mtpcc,
accessed August 15, 2009.
1909
2007
123.9 pounds
200.6 pounds
(Includes red meat, poultry, and fish)

49. U.S. Per Capita Chicken Intake (lb)
1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Source:US Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service,
http://www.ers.usda.gov/Data/FoodConsumption/FoodAvailSpreadsheets.htm#mtpcc,
accessed August 15, 2009.
1909
2007
10.4 pounds
59.9 pounds

52. Diabetes Prevalence 1994

53. Diabetes Prevalence 2008

54. Adventist Health Study – 2
60,903 participants, aged ≥30, enrolled 2002-2006
Tonstad S, et al. Type of vegetarian diet, body weight and prevalence of type 2
diabetes. Diabetes Care 2009;32:791-6.

55. Weight-Control Study
64 women
Moderately to severely overweight
Post-menopausal

57. Weight-Control Study
Low-fat vegan diet
No exercise
14-week study

58. Typical Day’s Meals
Breakfast
Blueberry pancakes
or Oatmeal with cinnamon and raisins
Half cantaloupe
Rye toast with jam
Lunch
Chunky vegetable chili
Garden salad with sesame dressing
Snack
Banana
Dinner
Lentil soup with crackers
Linguine with artichoke hearts and seared oyster mushrooms
Steamed broccoli

59. Weight-Control Study
Low-fat vegan diet
No exercise
14-week study

60. Weight-Control Study
Low-fat vegan diet
No exercise
14-week study
→
13 lb average weight loss in 14 weeks
Sustained weight loss for 2 years
2-inch drop in waist measurement

61. Nancy
Lost 40 pounds
Stopped all diabetes
medications.
Arthritis improved
dramatically.

62. Vance
Lost 60 pounds
Stopped diabetes
medications.
Diabetes no longer
detectable.

64. P = 0.01
8.1
7.9
6.8
7.5
Individuals with no medication changes, n = 24 vegan, 33 ADA
7.4
7.2

67. Plant-Based Diet at GEICO
 Healthful choices in the cafeteria
 Weekly cooking class and discussion

68. There were a few missteps along the way…

69. Body Weight
P-value < 0.0001
Am J Health Promotion, In press

70. Waist Circumference
Am J Health Promotion, In pressP-value < 0.001

71. Hillary and Bruce

73. PCRM 2009 USDA 2011

74. Complete Nutrition
Protein
Calcium
Vitamin B12

75. Beginning a Healthful Diet
Step 1. Check out the possibilities

76. Breakfast
Lunch
Dinner
Snack
Foods to Try

77. Healthy Breakfasts
• Cinnamon Raisin Oatmeal
• Blueberry Pancakes
• Hot Whole Wheat with Dates
• Breakfast Scrambler
• Fantastic Fruit Smoothie
• Whole-Grain Bagel with Jam
• Swiss Style Muesli
• Slow Cooker Whole-Grain Porridge
• Orange-Pineapple Crush

78. Lunches and Dinners• Chunky Vegetable Chili
•Chuckwagon Stew
• Seitan & Mushroom Stroganoff
• Portobello Mushroom Steaks
• Oven-Barbecued Tofu Steaks
• Roadhouse Hash
• Sweet & Sour Tempeh
• Southern Beans & Greens
• Seitan Cassoulet
• Mandarin Stir-Fry
• Stuffed Vegetable Rolls
• Zucchini & Herb Calzones
• Chili Bean Macaroni

79. Italian Cuisine

80. Mexican Cuisine

81. Chinese Cuisine

82. Japanese Cuisine

83. Fast-Food Options
Veggie delight
Bean burrito, hold the cheese

84. Beginning a Healthful Diet
Step 1. Check out the possibilities
Step 2. Do a 3-week test drive
Optional: Use transition foods

85. Resources
www.pcrm.org

86. PCRM.org

87. PCRM.org

88. March 2012:

90. Thanks