The document defines key concepts related to disease and epidemiology. It defines disease as an abnormal condition that impairs health or functioning, discusses different perspectives on defining disease, and distinguishes disease, illness, and sickness. Epidemiology is introduced as the study of disease distribution and determinants of health in populations. The objectives of epidemiology are outlined as identifying causes, determining disease extent and progression, and evaluating prevention and treatment. Key factors in disease transmission and the iceberg concept of disease are also summarized.

1. Topic: Concept Of Disease And Epidemiology Of Disease
Presented By:
Fathima Nourin
4th semester, BSW
ICAS

2. Disease Concept And Epidemiology

3. o A Disease is a particular abnormal condition that affect part
or all of an organism not caused by external force and that
consists of a disorder of a structure or function, usually
serving as an evolutionary disadvantage.
o The study of disease is called Pathology, which include the
study of causes.

4. o Webster defines disease as “a condition in which body health is impaired, a departure
from a state of health, an alteration of the human body interrupting the performance of
vital functions.”
o In Ecological point of view disease is defined as “a maladjustment of human organism
to the environment.”
o In Sociological point of view, disease is considered as “a social phenomenon,
occurring in all societies and defined and fought in terms of the particular cultural
forces prevalent in the society.”
Definition

5. Disease Illness Sickness
• Literally means without
ease.
• It is a physiological
/psychological dysfunction.
• Refers to the presence of
disease and the individual’s
perception about it.
• It is a subjective state of the
person who feels aware of
not being well.
• Refers to the state of
social dysfunction
• It is a state of social
dysfunction, i.e.; a role that
the individual assumes
when ill.
Difference Between Disease Illness And Sickness.

7. Epidemiology is the study of the distribution of disease and
determinants of health- related state or events in specified
human population and the application of this study to the
control of human health problems.
Derived from Greek:
o Epi means upon
o Demos means the people
o Ology means to study.
Epidemiology

8. o To identify the etiology or cause of disease.
o To determine the extent of disease.
o To study the progression of disease.
o To evaluate preventive and therapeutic measures for a disease or
condition.
o To develop public health policy.
Objectives Of Epidemiology

9. o Agent is the cause of the disease
• Can be bacteria, virus, parasite, mold
• Chemical (solvents), radiation, heat, natural toxins (snake
or spider venom)
o Host is an organism usually human or animal, that harbors
the disease.
o Pathogen is the disease causing micro-organism or related
substance.
o Environment is the favourable surroundings and conditions
external to the human or animal that cause disease or allow
the disease transmission.
Agent, Host, Pathogen And Environment

14. Iceberg Concept Of Disease