What is the use of discrete gates with the use of an FPGA.Soluti.pdf
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What is the use of discrete gates with the use of an FPGA. Solution A field-programmable gate array (FPGA) is an integrated circuit designed to be configured by a customer or a designer after manufacturing – hence \"field-programmable\". The FPGA configuration is generally specified using a hardware description language(HDL), similar to that used for an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). (Circuit diagrams were previously used to specify the configuration, as they were for ASICs, but this is increasingly rare.) FPGAs contain an array of programmable logic blocks, and a hierarchy of reconfigurable interconnects that allow the blocks to be \"wired together\", like many logic gates that can be inter-wired in different configurations. Logic blocks can be configured to perform complexcombinational functions, or merely simple logic gates like AND and XOR. In most FPGAs, logic blocks also include memory elements, which may be simple flip-flops or more complete blocks of memory.
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Chapter 4
FPGA stands for field programmable gate array. FPGAs contain configurable logic blocks that can be connected through connection bars and modified for various applications. FPGAs have different features than ASICs and can be specified using HDL scripts similarly to ASICs. FPGAs provide advantages over ASICs such as shorter design time and lower costs.
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Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) are integrated circuits that can be programmed and reconfigured after manufacturing, allowing for flexible and customizable digital logic. FPGAs contain logic blocks, input/output blocks, and interconnects. The logic blocks contain programmable logic elements like flip-flops and lookup tables. The input/output blocks allow communication with external components. The interconnects connect the internal logic blocks to the input/output blocks. FPGAs have advantages over ASICs like reconfigurability, parallelism, and faster time-to-market. Future trends for FPGAs include using them to accelerate artificial intelligence applications and incorporating high bandwidth memory.
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FPGAs can be programmed after manufacturing to implement custom logic functions. They contain programmable logic blocks and interconnects that can be configured to create custom circuits. FPGAs provide flexibility compared to ASICs but have higher per-unit costs. The FPGA architecture consists of configurable logic blocks, programmable interconnects, and I/O blocks. Configurable logic blocks contain LUTs that implement logic functions. Programmable interconnects connect the logic blocks, and I/O blocks interface with external components. FPGAs are commonly used for prototyping, emulation, parallel computing, and other applications that require customizable hardware.
FPGA Architecture and application
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Three-phase ac motors have been the workhorse of industry since the earliest days of electrical engineering. They are reliable, efficient, cost-effective and need little or no maintenance. In addition, ac motors such as induction and reluctance motors need no electrical connection to the rotor, so can easily be made flameproof for use in hazardous environments such as in mines.
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L12 programmable+logic+devices+(pld)
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In ferns, some leaves are “fertile” in that they bear sporangia. Wha.pdf
In ferns, some leaves are “fertile” in that they bear sporangia. What are the analogous structures
to such fertile fronds in angiosperms? (Select all that apply.)carpelspetalsstamenssepalsIn ferns,
some leaves are “fertile” in that they bear sporangia. What are the analogous structures to such
fertile fronds in angiosperms? (Select all that apply.)carpelspetalsstamenssepals
Solution
c). Stamens
d). Sepals
The fertile leaves in ferns bearing sporangia are the analogous to the stamens and sepals of the
angiosperms. In the flower structure, the third whorl contains the male parts that contain the
pollen grains, these are called stamens..
Identify all of the following that are computer hardware. All others .pdf
Identify all of the following that are computer hardware. All others are computer software. web
browser memory printer operating system mpl.cpp monitor central processing unit editor
compiler disk drive
Solution
Answer:
Computer hardwares:
1. Memory
2. Printer
3. Monitor
4. Central Processing Unit
5. Disk Drive
Compter Softwares:
1. compiler
2. editor
3. mp1.cpp
4. operating system
5. web browser.
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Complex Programmable Logic Devices(CPLD) & Field Programmable Logic Devices (...
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In ferns, some leaves are “fertile” in that they bear sporangia. Wha.pdf
In ferns, some leaves are “fertile” in that they bear sporangia. What are the analogous structures
to such fertile fronds in angiosperms? (Select all that apply.)carpelspetalsstamenssepalsIn ferns,
some leaves are “fertile” in that they bear sporangia. What are the analogous structures to such
fertile fronds in angiosperms? (Select all that apply.)carpelspetalsstamenssepals
Solution
c). Stamens
d). Sepals
The fertile leaves in ferns bearing sporangia are the analogous to the stamens and sepals of the
angiosperms. In the flower structure, the third whorl contains the male parts that contain the
pollen grains, these are called stamens..
Identify all of the following that are computer hardware. All others .pdf
Identify all of the following that are computer hardware. All others are computer software. web
browser memory printer operating system mpl.cpp monitor central processing unit editor
compiler disk drive
Solution
Answer:
Computer hardwares:
1. Memory
2. Printer
3. Monitor
4. Central Processing Unit
5. Disk Drive
Compter Softwares:
1. compiler
2. editor
3. mp1.cpp
4. operating system
5. web browser.
i poste it befoure three days until now i did not get the answer, to.pdf
i poste it befoure three days until now i did not get the answer, today is adu i need the ASAP
Web Article Resource- http://testdog.com/knowhow/Sorting%20Out%20SDLC.html
… This short article, Sorting Out SDLC Terminology, attempts to clarify some of the confusion
surrounding SDLC terminology used today in the field of project management. In several
paragraphs, explain (1) what, if anything, the article helped clarify for you; and (2) what you
might like to explore further based on the information provided ...
the article
http://testdog.com/knowhow/Sorting%20Out%20SDLC.html
Acronym for system development life cycle. SDLC is the process of developing information
systems through investigation, analysis, design, implementation and maintenance. SDLC is also
known asinformation systems development or application development. SDLC is a systems
approach to problem solving and is made up of several phases, each comprised of multiple steps:
The software concept - identifies and defines a need for the new system
A requirements analysis - analyzes the information needs of the end users
The architectural design - creates a blueprint for the design with the necessary specifications for
the hardware, software, people and data resources
Coding and debugging - creates and programs the final system
System testing - evaluates the system\'s actual functionality in relation to expected or intended
functionality.
Sorting Out SDLC Terminology
We’ve probably all seen the job postings with a “required skills” line item that reads something
like the following:
Must be expert in a variety of software development methodologies including SDLC, RUP, XP,
PMP, Agile, Waterfall, Spiral, SEI, PMI, CMMI, PIMBOC, and Scrum.
To which, you might reply, “What are they talking about?”
Clearly, there are people in HR and recruiting (and I know some in development) who are
confused about software development methodologies, their names, acronyms, meanings, and
relationships to one another. Let’s try to sort this out a bit.
Untangling the terminology
To begin, many of the terms listed above are not SDLCs. The term SDLC is an acronym that
stands for Software Development Life Cycle (as well as System Design Life Cycle, System
Development Life Cycle and Synchronous Data Link Control). SDLC is used as a generic
umbrella term for any number of software development methodologies.
SDLC by itself is not a methodology. When the term SDLC shows up in a list of methodologies,
it is a clear indicator that the person who wrote this is confused about what it really means.
The internet American Heritage dictionary gives us the following definition for methodology:
-A body of practices, procedures, and rules used by those who work in a discipline or engage in
an inquiry; a set of working methods: the methodology of genetic studies; a poll marred by faulty
methodology.
Some of the SDLCs listed above do not claim to be methodologies. To be more accurate, an
SDLC is anapproach to managing a software deve.
Give the inputs I_o to I_3 so that a 4-to-1 MUX will implement the fo.pdf
Give the inputs I_o to I_3 so that a 4-to-1 MUX will implement the following function when
connecting A and C to S_1 and S_0 respectively. (Don\'t put any spaces in your answers.) F(A,
B, C, D) = S(1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 12) I_0 = I_1 = I_2 = I_3 =
Solution
I0can take values 0001 or 0101
I1 can take values 0010 or 0011 or 0110
I2can take values 1000 or 1100
I3 has no value.
Endocrine glands will... a. Produce their products through the holoc.pdf
Endocrine glands will... a. Produce their products through the holocrine method b. Open into a
body cavity c. Expel their contents through apoptosis d. Expel their products directly into the
blood stream One distinct characteristic of muscle tissue is that it... a. Gets shorter b. Gets
longer c. Swells up d. Transmits signals Sweat glands are a type of what? a. Holocrine
exocrine glands b. Merocrine exocrine glands c. Apocrine endocrine glands d. Eccrine
endocrine glands What is the function of connective tissue? a. Protection b. Absorption c.
Support d. Contraction Which of the following is not connective tissue? a. Blood b. Fat c.
Bone d. All the above are connective tissue What it the matrix of connective tissue? a. It is the
network of fibers that help support connective tissue b. it is the living cells that support the
connective tissue c. It is the non-living substance in which fibers and cells live d. A & C e. A &
B Which of the following
Solution
7. Endocrine glands will produce their product through Holocrine method. it involves the death
of the cell and the content of the cell become secretory product. example- sebaceous gland act by
this.
as endocrine gland lack ducts the produt is released across cell membrane into interstitial space.
8. one distinct characteristic of muscle tissue is that gets shorter. when muscle tissue contracts
and become shorter and thicker this cause movement.
9. sweat glands are a type of exocrine gland. it is of two types-
a. Eccrine- it is found all over the body , its function is mainly cooling the body.
b.Apocrine- it is mainly found inaxillae, nipple of breast, perianal area. in the junction of dermis
and subcutaneous fat it is formed by coiled secretory portion.
10. the function of connective tissue is support. example- in haematopoetic and lymphatic tissue
reticular fiber provides support..
describe how the composition of the population changed Solution.pdf
describe how the composition of the population changed ?
Solution
The major reason for population changes, whether in an individual country or for the whole
world, is the change in birth and death rates. The birth rate is the number of live babies born in a
year for every 1000 people in the total population. Death rates are number of people dying per
1000 people. When birth rates are higher than death rates the population of an area will increase.
migration are the number of people migrate from one country or society to the other. BIRTH
RATE: when babies are born, it results in a population change, The fertility rate in a country
refers simply to the number of children born. This is different from the fecundity rate, which is
the number of children who could be born in a given society. In other words, fecundity is the
biological capacity of humans to produce children.The fecundity rate is greater than the fertility
rate in most cases. Birth rates vary by society for a number of reasons, including personal choice
and social and political factors. Factors such as poverty level, access to contraception, maternal
and infant care, and availability of nutrition all impact the birth rate in a society. DEATH RATE:
As the growth rates increases the death rate also increases. when babies are born, when members
of a society die it changes the population. butthis is refered as the mortality rate, which is simply
the number of deaths that occur in a society. This is usually calculated by looking at the number
of deaths per 1,000 individuals. In the United States, for example, the death rate is 8/1000
people. Just like birth rate, the death rate in a country depends on things such as availability of
quality medical care, disease, war, or famine. MORTALITY: The most important factor that
accounts for a change in population is migration. Generally migration refers to movement; it\'s
the flow or circulation of people in societies. There are two kinds of migration: emigration and
immigration. Emigration means to leave one\'s own country for another. Immigration means to
enter into a country other than one\'s own. Both of these process impact population change. The
composition also depends upon age structure. Age structure varies according to age distribution
of an individual, therefore the population size is expected to double or even triple before
stabilizing for many developing countries with fairly large populations and large numbers of
people under age 15..
could you please write reading review aboutDewey, The Quest for C.pdf
could you please write reading review about
*Dewey, The Quest for Certainty, Ch. 1
Veblen, \"Why is Economics Not an Evolutionary Science\"
consisting 500 words, my homework due is today at 10:00 p.m.
Solution
\"Why is Economics Not an Evolutionary Science\" was written in1898. According to veblin the
only rational approach is to assume economies evolve because he argued that we can describe
the economy and have not any effective theory of change and development. Veblen classes the
assumption that that economies ‘normally’ tend towards equilibrium—as no more rational that
the spiritually-based notion that there is a final cause or teleological pull towards some natural
outcome due to natural law; that is, “a preconception regarding the ends to which, in the nature
of things, all things tend (P.392) .Veblen is insistent, however, that we cannot understand
economics without paying attention to human learning.Veblen does not see evolution as
something that happens primarily to individuals but as a collective change to societies, and
collections of institutions.According to him evolution is a dispassionate cumulative
causation..Most of the people including me likes this paper because it reminds us that most of
what we think has been thought before, just not acted upon; because it seems to sow the seeds for
much of what followed in terms of complexity and evolutionary economics.Veblen in his paper
has sheer command of language and he touches on most of the challenges that economist ever
since have raised about.
Consider the following binary tree shown below.List the nodes of t.pdf
Consider the following binary tree shown below.
List the nodes of this binary tree in an in-Order sequence.
List the nodes of this binary tree in a Pre-order sequence.
List the nodes of this binary tree in a Post-order sequence.
Solution
Pre order- A B C D E F G order is( center - left - right)
In order - D C B E A F G order is (left - center - right )
Post - order : D C E B G F A order is (left - right - center ).
Capture-Recapture The bear population in a certain wildlife reserve.pdf
Capture-Recapture: The bear population in a certain wildlife reserve was estimated as follows:
35 bears were captured, tagged and released. After some time 50 bears were captured and of
these 22 were found to be tagged. The total bear population N was calculated then from the
equation: 35/n = 22/50 ; yielding N to be approximately 80? mathematically explain how this
works?
Solution.
C++ Briefly explain what is bad, though syntactically correct, about.pdf
C++ Briefly explain what is bad, though syntactically correct, about the design of the following
code to get input from a user by way of a keyboard. Class CUserInput () {public: CUserInput
(); void AcceptUserlnputFromKeyboard(); starting GetUserlnput() const; private: string
m_sUser;
Solution
1) The code for getting input to be included.
2) If possible it is recommended to get input from the constructor.
3)No need of extra two functions for same functionality..
b. What are the three types of structures formed when amphipathic mo.pdf
b. What are the three types of structures formed when amphipathic molecules are place in water?
c. Draw the schematic representation of a Micelle and a Bilayer and what is their biological
significance?
Solution
Answer:
The three types of structures formed when amphipathic molecules are place in water are
phospholipids, cholesterol, and glycolipids..
A mother with blood type A has a child with blood type A. Give all p.pdf
A mother with blood type A has a child with blood type A. Give all possible blood types for the
father of this child.
A.)O
B.)B, AB
C.)A, AB
D.)A, B, O
E.)A, B, AB, O
Solution
Answer is (A).
Because blood group O is recessive alleles where as the remaining groups are codominant hence
even a single copy is sufficient for their expression.
So except A all are not possible..
Assume f has period 2pi. Sketch the graph of f in the interval [-4pi.pdf
Assume f has period 2pi. Sketch the graph of f in the interval [-4pi,4pi].
Is this function an even function? Explain.
Is this function an odd function? Explain
3 3
Solution
let theta theta = t
from the graph y = f(t) = 3 + 2sin(t)
f(-t) = 3 + 2sin(-t) = 3 - 2sint
therefore f(t) not equal to f(-t)
then f(t) is odd function.
1.S. cerevisiae can switch mating types. Which of the following stat.pdf
1.S. cerevisiae can switch mating types. Which of the following statements correctly summarizes
where the information comes from for it to do this?
Solution
Saccharomyces cerevisiae occurs in two forms, the haploid and diploid. The haploid cells
undergo mitosis, which die under the conditions of higher stress. The preferential form of the
yeast is diploid, which undergoes growth by mitosis.
In cerevisiae, the cells of opposite mating type are present in the same ascus. They are produced
by a single meiosis and mate with each other. Means, the organism can switch mating types. The
mating locus contains two-mating loci in inactive state, which provide the information to replace
the inactive copy at the mating locus with the active copy..
You produce an interference pattern by projecting a blue laser with .pdf
You produce an interference pattern by projecting a blue laser with a wavelength of 405 nm
through the double slits you used in the today’s experiment. The lens is placed 51.2 cm from the
screen. What is the distance between two adjacent bright spots? Show all work.
Solution
Let\'s assume separation between the slits is, d = 0.10mm = 10-4 m
Wavelength of light, Lembda = 405 x 10-9 m
Distance of screen, D = 51.2 x 10-2 m
Distance between two adjacent bright spots = D x Lemda / d
= [51.2 x 10-2 x 405 x 10-9 ] / 10-4 = 2.07 mm.
You are working with the file directory of a Windows XP computer fro.pdf
You are working with the file directory of a Windows XP computer from the command line, and
you use the md command to create a new directory in your My Documents directory. What
command switch can you issue to confirm that the new directory was created?
A. Just use the dir command to view all of the directories and files in the My Documents and
look for the name of directory you just created
B. dir /new
C. dir /bn
D. dir /ad
Solution
D. Using the dir command with the /ad switch will show just directories in the current working
directory, such as My Documents, making it easier to spot the newly created directory. If the list
is very long, you can also add the /p switch to pause and scroll through each screen, such as
dir/ad /p..
You deposit $1,000 in a fund earning 5.75. How long will it take to .pdf
You deposit $1,000 in a fund earning 5.75%. How long will it take to double your money?
Solution
Let us suppose that it will take n years to get double. Hence,
1000(1+0.0575)^n=2000
or,log1000+nlog(1.0575)=log2000
or, 3+0.024280n=3.30102
or, n=0.301029/0.024280=12.3
Hence it will take almost 12.3years to get double.
Will’s Widget Company (WWC) incorporated near the end of 2017. Opera.pdf
Will’s Widget Company (WWC) incorporated near the end of 2017. Operations began in January
of 2018. WWC prepares adjusting entries and financial statements at the end of each month.
Balances in the accounts at the end of January are as follows:
Account Title
Dr
Cr
Cash
21,170
Accounts Receivable
12,200
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
1,750
Inventory (45 units)
3,825
Unearned Revenue (40 units)
5,200
Accounts Payable (Jan Rent)
3,000
Notes Payable
14,500
Contributed Capital
6,700
Retained Earnings – Feb 1, 2012
6,045
Additional Information you need to know about WWC:
•
WWC establishes a policy that it will sell inventory at $165 per unit.
•
In January, WWC received a $5,200 advance for 40 units, as reflected in Unearned Revenue.
•
WWC’s February 1 inventory balance consisted of 45 units at a total cost of $3,825.
•
WWC’s note payable accrues interest at a 12% annual rate.
•
WWC will use the FIFO inventory method and record COGS on a perpetual basis.
Below are transactions for February 2018:
Record Journal Entries for following transactions:
02/01
Included in WWC’s February 1 Accounts Receivable balance is a $1,500 account due from Kit
Kat, a WWC customer. Kit Kat is having cash flow problems and cannot pay its balance at this
time. WWC arranges with Kit Kat to convert the $1,500 balance to a note, and Kit Kat signs a 6-
month note, at 9% annual interest. The principal and all interest will be due and payable to
WWC on August 1, 2012.
02/02
WWC paid a $900 insurance premium covering the month of February. The amount paid is
recorded directly as an expense.
02/05
An additional 150 units of inventory are purchased on account by WWC for $11,250 – terms
2/15, n30.
02/05
WWC paid Federal Express $450 to have the 150 units of inventory delivered overnight.
Delivery occurred on 02/06. (Hint--Recall company uses perpetual inventory system, record
transportation fees as part of inventory costs—debit to inventory)
02/10
Sales of 120 units of inventory occurred during the period of 02/07 – 02/10. The sales terms are
2/10, net 30. (Hint --Recall company follows FIFO. What are the COGS of 120 sold units?)
02/15
The 40 units that were paid for in advance and recorded in January are delivered to the customer.
(Hint --Recall WWC follows FIFO. What are the COGS of 40 sold units?)
02/15
10 units of the inventory that had been sold on 2/10 are returned to WWC. The units are not
damaged and can be resold. Therefore, they are returned to inventory. Assume the units returned
are from the 2/05 purchase.
02/16
WWC pays the first 2 weeks wages to the employees. The total paid is $2,500.
02/17
Paid in full the amount owed for the 2/05 purchase of inventory. WWC records purchase
discounts as a reduction of inventory costs (credit to inventory).
02/18
Wrote off a customer’s account in the amount of $1,850.
02/19
$6,000 of rent for January and February was paid. Because all of the rent will soon expire, the
February portion of the payment is charged directly to expense.
02.
Which of the following would be useful and good sources of surveybou.pdf
Which of the following would be useful and good sources of survey/boundary data? recorded
survey plats assessor maps subdivision plats utility rights-of-way plans highway department
plans deeds title insurance policies
Solution
Answer:- These are useful and good sources of survey/ boundary data:-
(i) Recorded survey maps
(ii) Sub division plats
(iii) Utility right of way plans
(iv) Highway department plans
By help of above we can do survey very easily. By help of above sources of information , we can
do accurate survey..
Which of the following statements is true about the interaction of e.pdf
Which of the following statements is true about the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with
matter?
1) Photoelectric absorption involves the interaction of a photon with the nucleus of an atom.
2) Rayleigh scattering involves an inelastic collision of a photon with an outer-shell electron with
negligible binding energy, after which that electron is ejected from the atom.
3) The main phenomena associated with X-ray imaging are Rayleigh scattering at low photon
energies and pair production at high photon energies.
4) The main phenomena associated with X-ray imaging are photoelectric absorption at low
photon energies and Compton scattering at high photon energies.
5)None of these statements are true.
Please explain why.
Solution
1) The statement is true.
The photons with atom particles are by chance, a given photon has a finite probability of passing
completely through the medium it is traversing. The probability that a photon will pass
completely through a medium depends on numerous factors including the photon’s energy and
the medium’s composition and thickness. The more densely packed a medium’s atoms, the more
likely the photon will encounter an atomic particle.
2)False
The photons doest not excite the atom when it interacts with the one or more bounded electrons.
The energy is same at the end of the process, that is energy of photon is equal to the interacting
atom. Therefore, it is elastic scattering.
3)
This statement is true.
Rayliegh scattering involves in deflection of the incoming particle, but not absorption.hence it
occurs for low photon energies. Whereas the pair productionrequires very high energy as the
photon interacts with the electron or nucleaus and forms postiron electron pairs. The photon must
have atleast 1.022 MeV energy to interact.
4)
The statement is false.
As the photoelectric absorption involves in absorption of photons by atoms which have
considerably high energy as discussed in first point.
So statements 1 and 3 are true..
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In ferns, some leaves are “fertile” in that they bear sporangia. Wha.pdf
In ferns, some leaves are “fertile” in that they bear sporangia. Wha.pdf
Identify all of the following that are computer hardware. All others .pdf
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i poste it befoure three days until now i did not get the answer, to.pdf
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Give the inputs I_o to I_3 so that a 4-to-1 MUX will implement the fo.pdf
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Endocrine glands will... a. Produce their products through the holoc.pdf
Endocrine glands will... a. Produce their products through the holoc.pdf
describe how the composition of the population changed Solution.pdf
describe how the composition of the population changed Solution.pdf
could you please write reading review aboutDewey, The Quest for C.pdf
could you please write reading review aboutDewey, The Quest for C.pdf
Consider the following binary tree shown below.List the nodes of t.pdf
Consider the following binary tree shown below.List the nodes of t.pdf
Capture-Recapture The bear population in a certain wildlife reserve.pdf
Capture-Recapture The bear population in a certain wildlife reserve.pdf
C++ Briefly explain what is bad, though syntactically correct, about.pdf
C++ Briefly explain what is bad, though syntactically correct, about.pdf
b. What are the three types of structures formed when amphipathic mo.pdf
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A mother with blood type A has a child with blood type A. Give all p.pdf
A mother with blood type A has a child with blood type A. Give all p.pdf
Assume f has period 2pi. Sketch the graph of f in the interval [-4pi.pdf
Assume f has period 2pi. Sketch the graph of f in the interval [-4pi.pdf
1.S. cerevisiae can switch mating types. Which of the following stat.pdf
1.S. cerevisiae can switch mating types. Which of the following stat.pdf
You produce an interference pattern by projecting a blue laser with .pdf
You produce an interference pattern by projecting a blue laser with .pdf
You are working with the file directory of a Windows XP computer fro.pdf
You are working with the file directory of a Windows XP computer fro.pdf
You deposit $1,000 in a fund earning 5.75. How long will it take to .pdf
You deposit $1,000 in a fund earning 5.75. How long will it take to .pdf
Will’s Widget Company (WWC) incorporated near the end of 2017. Opera.pdf
Will’s Widget Company (WWC) incorporated near the end of 2017. Opera.pdf
Which of the following would be useful and good sources of surveybou.pdf
Which of the following would be useful and good sources of surveybou.pdf
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Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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