What is Highway and its Classification
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The document classifies roadways in the Nagpur road plan into national highways, state highways, district roads, major district roads, other district roads, and village roads. National highways connect major ports, state capitals, industries and tourist centers, have a speed limit of 100kph, and are maintained by NHAI. State highways connect national highways, district headquarters and important cities/industries, with a speed limit of 70kph and are maintained by state governments. Major district roads connect urban areas to other roads and important places with a speed limit of 40kph, while other district roads connect rural areas to major district roads and other roads/places with a speed limit of 35kph. Village roads connect groups
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Presentation1
This document discusses the classification of highways in India based on various factors such as weather conditions, carriageway type, traffic volume, location, and function. It outlines the different categories of national highways, state highways, major district roads, other district roads, and village roads. It also describes the classification of urban roads as expressways, arterial roads, sub-arterial roads, collector roads, and local streets. Common road design standards and specifications are provided for each type.
1 roads classification
This document discusses the functional classification of roads which involves grouping roads based on the type of service they provide to traffic flow. It describes how functional classification establishes a road network hierarchy that channels trips efficiently from local roads to collector roads to arterial roads. The classification considers a road's role in providing both access to adjacent properties and mobility for through traffic. Additional factors like trip distances, traffic volumes, and the proportion of commercial vehicles vary based on a road's functional class. The purposes of functional classification include delineating responsibilities, planning road standards, and assisting road users.
Highway Classifications
This document outlines the classifications of highways in both urban and rural areas. It describes the different functional classes including principal and minor arterials, collectors, and local roads. Principal arterials in urban and rural areas are designed for long distance travel and high speeds, while collectors and locals have shorter routes and focus on land access. Urban highways are further classified based on their role in carrying intra-city traffic and connecting to intercity routes. Freeways are fully limited access highways, while expressways have some access points but are also designed for high-speed travel.
Diiferent types of road
The document discusses different types and classifications of roads. It describes:
1) Types of roads based on weather conditions (all-weather, fair-weather) and pavement (paved, unpaved, surfaced, unsurfaced).
2) Classification systems for roads including the Nagpur Road Plan, 3rd Road Development Plan (primary, secondary, tertiary systems), and urban roads (expressways, arterial, sub-arterial, collector, local streets).
3) Characteristics of different types of urban roads like expressways, arterial streets, sub-arterial streets, and their design speeds and land widths.
Roads engineering
This document defines and provides examples of different types of road classifications including:
- Functional classifications such as freeways/expressways, major arterials, minor arterials, collectors, and local roads based on the type of traffic and speeds they carry.
- Jurisdictional classifications including interstate highways, state highways, and county roads based on ownership and maintenance responsibilities.
- Other road types like public roads, private roads, city streets, alleys, and connectors designed to provide access to properties and connect to higher order roads while discouraging through traffic.
Importance and Classification of Road
This document discusses the importance of transportation and different modes of transportation including roadways, railways, waterways, and airways. It then focuses on roadways, describing their classification based on location and function. The main classifications of roads in India are national highways, state highways, major district roads, other district roads, and village roads. The document provides details on the characteristics of each type of road, including their intended uses, design specifications, and importance within the transportation network.
Highway engineering : Introduction 2
The document discusses the classification of roads according to location, importance, traffic, and tonnage. Roads are classified based on whether they are national highways, state highways, major district roads, other district roads, or village roads. They are also classified into categories based on the importance of connecting stations, holy places, and historical places. Additionally, roads are classified by traffic carried per day and tonnage carried per day. The document concludes by mentioning the organization of state highway departments.
Urban Roads
The document discusses various aspects of urban road planning and design. It covers the objectives of urban roads in facilitating communication, providing air and light, and accommodating utilities. It also discusses different road typologies like expressways, arterial roads, and local roads. Key considerations for road planning discussed include destination, importance, traffic, and use. The document also outlines various street patterns and factors to be considered in road design like gradients, intersections, and aesthetics. It emphasizes the importance of properly planning roads for efficient urban infrastructure and traffic management.
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Presentation1
This document discusses the classification of highways in India based on various factors such as weather conditions, carriageway type, traffic volume, location, and function. It outlines the different categories of national highways, state highways, major district roads, other district roads, and village roads. It also describes the classification of urban roads as expressways, arterial roads, sub-arterial roads, collector roads, and local streets. Common road design standards and specifications are provided for each type.
1 roads classification
This document discusses the functional classification of roads which involves grouping roads based on the type of service they provide to traffic flow. It describes how functional classification establishes a road network hierarchy that channels trips efficiently from local roads to collector roads to arterial roads. The classification considers a road's role in providing both access to adjacent properties and mobility for through traffic. Additional factors like trip distances, traffic volumes, and the proportion of commercial vehicles vary based on a road's functional class. The purposes of functional classification include delineating responsibilities, planning road standards, and assisting road users.
Highway Classifications
This document outlines the classifications of highways in both urban and rural areas. It describes the different functional classes including principal and minor arterials, collectors, and local roads. Principal arterials in urban and rural areas are designed for long distance travel and high speeds, while collectors and locals have shorter routes and focus on land access. Urban highways are further classified based on their role in carrying intra-city traffic and connecting to intercity routes. Freeways are fully limited access highways, while expressways have some access points but are also designed for high-speed travel.
Diiferent types of road
The document discusses different types and classifications of roads. It describes:
1) Types of roads based on weather conditions (all-weather, fair-weather) and pavement (paved, unpaved, surfaced, unsurfaced).
2) Classification systems for roads including the Nagpur Road Plan, 3rd Road Development Plan (primary, secondary, tertiary systems), and urban roads (expressways, arterial, sub-arterial, collector, local streets).
3) Characteristics of different types of urban roads like expressways, arterial streets, sub-arterial streets, and their design speeds and land widths.
Roads engineering
This document defines and provides examples of different types of road classifications including:
- Functional classifications such as freeways/expressways, major arterials, minor arterials, collectors, and local roads based on the type of traffic and speeds they carry.
- Jurisdictional classifications including interstate highways, state highways, and county roads based on ownership and maintenance responsibilities.
- Other road types like public roads, private roads, city streets, alleys, and connectors designed to provide access to properties and connect to higher order roads while discouraging through traffic.
Importance and Classification of Road
This document discusses the importance of transportation and different modes of transportation including roadways, railways, waterways, and airways. It then focuses on roadways, describing their classification based on location and function. The main classifications of roads in India are national highways, state highways, major district roads, other district roads, and village roads. The document provides details on the characteristics of each type of road, including their intended uses, design specifications, and importance within the transportation network.
Highway engineering : Introduction 2
The document discusses the classification of roads according to location, importance, traffic, and tonnage. Roads are classified based on whether they are national highways, state highways, major district roads, other district roads, or village roads. They are also classified into categories based on the importance of connecting stations, holy places, and historical places. Additionally, roads are classified by traffic carried per day and tonnage carried per day. The document concludes by mentioning the organization of state highway departments.
Urban Roads
The document discusses various aspects of urban road planning and design. It covers the objectives of urban roads in facilitating communication, providing air and light, and accommodating utilities. It also discusses different road typologies like expressways, arterial roads, and local roads. Key considerations for road planning discussed include destination, importance, traffic, and use. The document also outlines various street patterns and factors to be considered in road design like gradients, intersections, and aesthetics. It emphasizes the importance of properly planning roads for efficient urban infrastructure and traffic management.
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This document discusses factors that affect the location of highways in urban areas and classifications of highways. It outlines several location factors for urban highways, including existing land use and transportation systems, anticipated traffic, town planning considerations, parking availability, and existing utilities. It then describes different classification approaches and defines a functional classification system that categorizes highways based on their intended use and traffic mobility. The functional classes for both urban and rural highways are outlined.
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1. The document discusses the history of highway construction from ancient times through modern Malaysia. It traces the evolution of road construction from simple dirt paths to sophisticated paved highways.
2. Ancient Roman roads were more systematically constructed than earlier roads, with standardized layers including a flattened surface, gravel layer, and paved top. Major road construction declined after the fall of Rome.
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This document classifies and describes different types of roads in India. It discusses 5 main categories of roads: 1) Expressways, which connect major cities and have the highest design speed and at least 4 lanes. 2) National Highways, which run throughout the country and connect state capitals and major towns. 3) State Highways, which connect important towns and cities within each state. 4) District Roads, which connect districts and rural areas to other roads. 5) Village Roads, which connect villages to each other and nearby towns. The document provides details on the purpose, lanes, surface type, and maintenance responsibility for each road type.
Cross section of road
This document discusses the key elements of highway engineering and road cross-sections. It defines elements such as the carriageway, formation width, right of way, shoulders, side slopes, berms, boundary stones, side drains, building lines, control lines, spoil banks, borrow pits, and kerbs. The carriageway is the paved area for vehicles, and formation width is the top width of the highway embankment excluding side drains. Right of way is the acquired land along the road alignment, and shoulders provide an emergency lane. Side slopes involve the angles of cuts and fills, while berms and boundary stones define edges. Drains remove rainwater, and setback lines control construction. Spoil banks and
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This document provides an overview of factors to consider when designing urban road networks. It discusses the classification of different types of roads including primary distributors, district distributors, local distributors, and access roads. It also outlines important design considerations such as alignment, design speed, camber, shoulders, footways, sight distance, junctions, kerbs, clearance, bus bays, traffic signs and markings, and street layout patterns. The goal is to design roads that are safe and permit the free flow of traffic while balancing capacity against development requirements.
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Road patten
The document discusses various road patterns including rectangular or block pattern, radial or star and block pattern, radial or star and circular pattern, radial or star and grid pattern, and hexagonal pattern. It provides details on the layout and advantages and limitations of the rectangular or block pattern, as well as examples of cities that use different patterns. The choice of road pattern depends on factors like the locality, town layout, and choice of the planning engineer.
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The document classifies and describes different types of urban roads: expressways for heavy traffic without pedestrians, arterial streets for important traffic within cities, sub-arterial streets with less traffic than arterials, collector streets for collecting traffic to arterials, and local streets for open access. It also discusses common urban road patterns like rectangular, radial, and grid patterns. Railways are compared to roadways, with roadways having lower construction and maintenance costs but higher accident rates and tractive resistance than railways. Finally, it notes that road transport has become more popular than rail transport over time due to flexibility and lower costs.
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Types of roads can be classified based on speed and accessibility. The main types discussed are:
1) Freeways have strict rules - they are multi-lane divided roads with no stops or cross traffic and limited access for pedestrians and bicycles. Entrance and exit ramps allow vehicles to safely merge or exit at freeway speeds.
2) Major highways have high speeds like freeways but may have turning lanes and traffic lights or interchanges. Access is partially limited.
3) Minor highways connect residential areas or rural areas and can have divided or undivided lanes with possible stops.
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This document discusses the classification and operational performance of urban streets. It begins by outlining the need to study and improve urban street transportation due to increasing populations and vehicle congestion. It then describes different classification systems for urban streets based on their function and design. Functional classifications include principal arterial, minor arterial, collector, and local streets. Design classifications include high speed, suburban, intermediate, and urban streets. The document also discusses operational performance measures like level of service that are used to evaluate streets. It provides examples of congestion management strategies like signal timing and the use of turn lanes. Finally, it presents a case study of street classification and design in Pune, India.
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This document discusses highway geometric design and road classification in India. It begins with introducing road user characteristics that influence design like vision, hearing, strength, and psychology. It then classifies roads in India based on the agency responsible for them. The document discusses design speed, terrain classification, and various cross-sectional elements of highways like carriageway, shoulders, and right of way widths. It provides specifications and guidelines for determining these elements based on factors like road classification and terrain.
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This document discusses highway planning and alignment in India. It provides a brief history of road development in India from ancient times to the present. It then covers the classification of highways in India based on factors like traffic volume and location. The document also outlines the major institutions involved in highway planning, design, and implementation at different government levels. Finally, it discusses the key factors that influence highway alignment, such as obligatory points, traffic needs, geometry, economics, and terrain considerations.Location controls and highway classification
This document discusses factors that affect the location of highways in urban areas and classifications of highways. It outlines several location factors for urban highways, including existing land use and transportation systems, anticipated traffic, town planning considerations, parking availability, and existing utilities. It then describes different classification approaches and defines a functional classification system that categorizes highways based on their intended use and traffic mobility. The functional classes for both urban and rural highways are outlined.
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1. The document discusses the history of highway construction from ancient times through modern Malaysia. It traces the evolution of road construction from simple dirt paths to sophisticated paved highways.
2. Ancient Roman roads were more systematically constructed than earlier roads, with standardized layers including a flattened surface, gravel layer, and paved top. Major road construction declined after the fall of Rome.
3. Modern highway engineering developed in the 18th century in Britain and Malaysia's road network was largely constructed under British rule in the late 18th/19th centuries to facilitate administration and trade.
Types of highways
This document classifies and describes different types of roads in India. It discusses 5 main categories of roads: 1) Expressways, which connect major cities and have the highest design speed and at least 4 lanes. 2) National Highways, which run throughout the country and connect state capitals and major towns. 3) State Highways, which connect important towns and cities within each state. 4) District Roads, which connect districts and rural areas to other roads. 5) Village Roads, which connect villages to each other and nearby towns. The document provides details on the purpose, lanes, surface type, and maintenance responsibility for each road type.
Cross section of road
This document discusses the key elements of highway engineering and road cross-sections. It defines elements such as the carriageway, formation width, right of way, shoulders, side slopes, berms, boundary stones, side drains, building lines, control lines, spoil banks, borrow pits, and kerbs. The carriageway is the paved area for vehicles, and formation width is the top width of the highway embankment excluding side drains. Right of way is the acquired land along the road alignment, and shoulders provide an emergency lane. Side slopes involve the angles of cuts and fills, while berms and boundary stones define edges. Drains remove rainwater, and setback lines control construction. Spoil banks and
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This document provides an overview of factors to consider when designing urban road networks. It discusses the classification of different types of roads including primary distributors, district distributors, local distributors, and access roads. It also outlines important design considerations such as alignment, design speed, camber, shoulders, footways, sight distance, junctions, kerbs, clearance, bus bays, traffic signs and markings, and street layout patterns. The goal is to design roads that are safe and permit the free flow of traffic while balancing capacity against development requirements.
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This document discusses highway planning and alignment. It defines highway engineering as dealing with planning, designing, constructing and maintaining roads and bridges for effective transportation. It notes that highways improve economic activity through production, consumption and transportation, and have social impacts by connecting areas and affecting population distribution and safety. It then provides details on the history and types of roads in various countries and eras, classifications of highways, and institutions involved in highway planning and development in India.
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The document discusses various road patterns including rectangular or block pattern, radial or star and block pattern, radial or star and circular pattern, radial or star and grid pattern, and hexagonal pattern. It provides details on the layout and advantages and limitations of the rectangular or block pattern, as well as examples of cities that use different patterns. The choice of road pattern depends on factors like the locality, town layout, and choice of the planning engineer.
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The document provides an introduction to highway engineering, including definitions and classifications of transportation systems and highways. It discusses the history of road development from ancient footpaths to modern paved highways. It also provides an overview of the development of roads in Ethiopia, from early trails to the current network of over 100,000 km of roads, including the construction of expressways. The classifications of highways are described according to factors such as ownership, surface type, design, traffic volume, location, and the Ethiopian Roads Authority system.
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The document discusses road networks, including their origins, patterns, hierarchy, design, control and analysis. It notes that road networks developed from the need for transportation and consist of nodes, links and control facilities. The hierarchy categorizes roads by function and includes arterial, collector and local roads. Modern techniques for analyzing networks include connectivity analysis and considering accessibility impacts on urban areas.
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The document classifies and describes different types of urban roads: expressways for heavy traffic without pedestrians, arterial streets for important traffic within cities, sub-arterial streets with less traffic than arterials, collector streets for collecting traffic to arterials, and local streets for open access. It also discusses common urban road patterns like rectangular, radial, and grid patterns. Railways are compared to roadways, with roadways having lower construction and maintenance costs but higher accident rates and tractive resistance than railways. Finally, it notes that road transport has become more popular than rail transport over time due to flexibility and lower costs.
Types of roads
Types of roads can be classified based on speed and accessibility. The main types discussed are:
1) Freeways have strict rules - they are multi-lane divided roads with no stops or cross traffic and limited access for pedestrians and bicycles. Entrance and exit ramps allow vehicles to safely merge or exit at freeway speeds.
2) Major highways have high speeds like freeways but may have turning lanes and traffic lights or interchanges. Access is partially limited.
3) Minor highways connect residential areas or rural areas and can have divided or undivided lanes with possible stops.
Local streets provide access to properties with full access and slow speeds while collectors and arterials have increasing
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This document discusses the classification and operational performance of urban streets. It begins by outlining the need to study and improve urban street transportation due to increasing populations and vehicle congestion. It then describes different classification systems for urban streets based on their function and design. Functional classifications include principal arterial, minor arterial, collector, and local streets. Design classifications include high speed, suburban, intermediate, and urban streets. The document also discusses operational performance measures like level of service that are used to evaluate streets. It provides examples of congestion management strategies like signal timing and the use of turn lanes. Finally, it presents a case study of street classification and design in Pune, India.
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This document discusses transportation systems and their various components. It defines transportation engineering and notes that transportation systems consist of fixed facilities like roads and railroads, vehicles that use these facilities, and control systems to guide traffic. It categorizes transportation systems into four main modes - land, water, air, and pipelines. Each mode has distinct characteristics in terms of speed, accessibility, costs, capacities, and environmental impacts. Urban transportation focuses on passenger transport using modes like buses, light rail, and rapid transit rail. The document provides details on various urban transit options and their characteristics.
Chapter 1 Introduction to road
The document discusses highway alignment and engineering surveys. It provides details on different types of highway alignment and the factors that control alignment such as terrain, materials, and costs. It also outlines the various stages of engineering surveys conducted for highway projects, including map studies, reconnaissance surveys, preliminary surveys, and final location surveys. Key considerations for surveys are topography, drainage, soils and estimating construction aspects. The document also briefly discusses highway classification systems in India and the roles of organizations like the Indian Roads Congress.
Tre be civil
The document discusses the Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY), a government scheme launched in 2000. The primary objective of PMGSY is to provide all-weather road connectivity to rural areas in India. It aims to connect eligible rural habitations with populations of 1000 or more by 2003, and 500 or more by 2007. The scheme focuses on connecting rural habitations through roads that can be used throughout the year. It also allows for upgrading existing roads under certain conditions.
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Gandhinagar- Town Planning
INTRODUCTION
COORDINATES - 23.22 ON 72.680 E ELEVATION - 265 feet (81 m)*
LOCATED 23 KM NORTH OF AHEMDABAD (FIN CAP. OF GUJARAT)
PLANNED IN 1960S BY, PRAKASH M APTE & H. K. MEWADA,
AFTER PARTITION OF BOMBAY * STATE : AHEMDABAD WAS MADE AS THE CAPTAL OFGUJARAT
AREA TOTAL 177KM2 ELEVATION : 8IM ( 266 FT)
POPULATION (2011)
TOTAL: 206,167 DENSITY : 1,200/KM2
CLIMATE*
TROPICAL WET AND DRY CLIMATE•
SUMMER MAXIMUM - 36 to 42 °C MINIMUM - 19 to 27 C
WINTER MAXIMUM - 29 C MINIMUM - 14°C
MONSOON: THE AVERAGE ANNUAL RAINFALL IS AROUND 803.4 MM
LANGUAGES
GUJARATI, HINDI, AND ENGLISH• 54% GREEN COVER ON ITS LAND AREA
• THE CITY SITS ON THE BANKS OF THE SABARMATI RIVER, IN NORTH-CENTRALEAST GUJARAT
HISTORY
IN 1960, THE INDIAN STATE OF BOMBAY WAS SPLIT INTO TWO STATES, MAHARASHTRA AND GUJARAT LEAVING GUJARAT WITHOUT A CAPITAL CITY.
AT THE TIME AHMEDABAD WAS SELECTED TO BE THE FIRST CAPITAL OF THE NEWLY CREATED STATE.
• IT WAS LATER PROPOSED THAT A NEW CAPITAL CITY BE CONSTRUCTED FOR THE STATE.
• GANDHINAGAR GOT AN IDENTITY OF ITS OWN WHEN THE STATE OF MUMBAI WAS DIVIDED INTO TWO SEPARATE STATES OF GUJARAT AND MAHARASHTRA.
• IN THE BEGINNING, AHMEDABAD - A COMMERCIAL HUB OF GUJARAT WAS CHOSEN AS THE STATE CAPITAL AND IT WAS PROPOSED THAT A NEW CAPITAL SHOULD BE CONSTRUCTED ALONG THE LINE OF OTHER NEW STATE CAPITALS, PARTICULARLY CHANDIGARH
• THEREFORE TWO WELL-KNOWN INDIAN ARCHITECTS, H.K. MEWADA AND PRAKASH M. APTE (WHO WORKED AS BEGINNER FOR THE CHANDIGARH CITY) DESIGNED THE NEW STATE CAPITAL*
NAMED AFTER MAHATMA GANDHI THE FOUNDATION STONE OF THIS CITY WAS LAID ON 1965 AND IN 1971 THE CAPITAL WAS SHIFTED FROM AHMEDABAD TO GANDHINAGAR
PLANNING
• PLANNED AND IMPLEMENTED BETWEEN 1965-1970
• DETERMINATION TO MAKE GANDHINAGAR A PURELY INDIAN ENTERPRISE, PARTLY BECAUSE GUJARAT WAS THE BIRTHPLACE OF GANDHI.
• TO ESTABLISH AND MAINTAIN A SEPARATE IDENTITY FOR THE NEW CITY THE SURROUNDING AREA OF ABOUT 39 VILLAGES WAS BROUGHT UNDER A PERIPHERY CONTROL ACT (AS IN CHANDIGARH)
• THE AREA LATER CONSTITUTED A SEPARATE ADMINISTRATIVE DISTRICT OF GANDHINAGAR.
• THE CITY WAS PLANNED FOR A POPULATION OF 150,000 BUT CAN ACCOMMODATE DOUBLE THAT POPULATION WITH INCREASE IN THE FLOOR SPACE RATIO FROM 1 TO 2 IN THE AREAS RESERVED FOR PRIVATE DEVELOPMENT.
• THE RIVER BEING THE BORDER ON THE EAST, AND THE INDUSTRIAL AREA TO THE NORTH, THE MOST LOGICAL FUTURE PHYSICAL EXPANSION OF THE CITY WAS ENVISAGED TOWARDS THE NORTH-WEST
Master Plan Amritsar - 2031 (Accessibility in Peri-Urban areas)
Presented in NOSPLAN - 2014 (Smavesh)
“City for All- Proposals and the experiences towards the right to the city”.
Charlotte Mathivete.
But the increasing variety of the urban–rural relationships in the peri- urban areas challenges the policy makers to deal with the complexity of providing access to these areas.
The city Amritsar engulfs the tourist influx worldwide into its magnetic field due to its religious and the historical importance. The proposals in the master plan include the heritage walk, industrial, educational hub etc. Therefore “Master Plan Amritsar - 2031” focusing on the theme accessibility in the peri-urban areas is activity oriented approach at the macro level of the areas in the urbanisable limit of the city Amritsar. The population of the peri urban area is 4.18 lakhs and covering the area of 51426 hectares. The proposed land use in the planning area is residential 43%, circulation 15%, commercial 5%, public-semi public 11%, industrial 11% and recreational 15%. The study has the approach covering accessibility from the major proposed nodes and along the roads in the planning area and the MC limits.
In the lieu of the above the accessibility is analyzed by taking the distance of the radius 5km, 10km and 15km from the center as per the guidelines of the G.O.I and further supported by the demarcation of the four zones along the within the major roads. The accessibility along the roads is identified taking into account the travel characteristic that is the real journey time taken by the commuters.The accessibility to the peri –urban areas is also related with the different aspects then taking account of the commercial centers the shopping areas are sufficient, college need to be proposed to fulfill the requirement, in the terms of the transportation the peri- urban is linked through the outer ring roads; due to the proposal of the sports complex the recreational facilities are also well accessed; but on the darker side the health facilities are least accessible to the peri-urban areas.
So analyzing the access to peri- urban area and concluding as a whole the proposals are located taking the parameters such as directional growth of the city, location of the major roads such as NH, existing activity nodes. Therefore the proposed commercial centers are located in Manawala, Verka and Bal Kalan; recreational centers along the ring road and the NH; educational facilities i.e. two colleges along the Batala road and the Ajnala road; hospitals along the NH and ring road.
15.15 dr. marwan azzawi, hyder (replacement of geoff leffek)
This document discusses planning for an integrated transport network in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. It notes that Jeddah's population has grown dramatically from 60,000 in 1947 to over 3.6 million today. This rapid growth has strained infrastructure and led to issues like congestion and high rates of traffic accidents. Currently, nearly all trips are made by private car and public transport infrastructure is poor. The document outlines Jeddah's vision to be a sustainable city and lists several committed mega public transport projects, including high-speed rail, metro lines, and BRT routes. It emphasizes the need to integrate land use and transport planning to shift trips from cars to public transportation.
Elements of city design
This document provides an introduction and overview of the city planning of Gandhinagar, the capital city of Gujarat, India. It discusses the formation and evolution of Gandhinagar as the new state capital after the division of Bombay state. It describes the site location on the banks of the Sabarmati River and climatic conditions. It outlines the key elements of the city plan including sectors, roads, residential and non-residential areas. It provides details on zoning, population planning, amenities, and salient features of Gandhinagar such as the capitol complex, drainage, electricity, industries, and transportation.
Litrature study on gandhinagar
The document summarizes the formation and evolution of Gandhinagar, the capital city of Gujarat, India. It discusses how the city was planned as the new capital after the division of Bombay state into Gujarat and Maharashtra. Two architects designed Gandhinagar based on the concept of sectors and neighborhoods. The document outlines the city's climate, land use, transportation network, and other features like afforestation, public buildings, and residential areas. It is intended to function as the administrative center of Gujarat.
Development Plan- Planning interventions by (VNIT) Visvesvaraya National Inst...
Development Plan- Planning interventions by (VNIT) Visvesvaraya National Inst...NOSPlan - National Organisation of Students of Planning
This presentation was given by VNIT Nagpur for "Samavesh" - XVl Annual NOSPlan Convention. The Theme of Presentation - "Accessibility in Peri-urban area".Classification of roads PPT
Roads are classified according to traffic, tonnage, importance, and location/function. For traffic, roads are classified as very heavy, heavy, medium, or light based on the number of vehicles per day. For tonnage, classifications are based on the weight of vehicles. Important roads connecting holy places or major cities are classified as class 1, 2, or 3. Location/function classifications include national highways, state highways, major district roads, other district roads, and village roads, with each type serving a different purpose in connecting areas within and between states/districts.
Similar to What is Highway and its Classification (10)
Master Plan Amritsar - 2031 (Accessibility in Peri-Urban areas)
Master Plan Amritsar - 2031 (Accessibility in Peri-Urban areas)
15.15 dr. marwan azzawi, hyder (replacement of geoff leffek)
15.15 dr. marwan azzawi, hyder (replacement of geoff leffek)
Development Plan- Planning interventions by (VNIT) Visvesvaraya National Inst...
Development Plan- Planning interventions by (VNIT) Visvesvaraya National Inst...
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Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoring
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
一比一原版(CalArts毕业证)加利福尼亚艺术学院毕业证如何办理
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Use PyCharm for remote debugging of WSL on a Windo cf5c162d672e4e58b4dde5d797...
This document serves as a comprehensive step-by-step guide on how to effectively use PyCharm for remote debugging of the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) on a local Windows machine. It meticulously outlines several critical steps in the process, starting with the crucial task of enabling permissions, followed by the installation and configuration of WSL.
The guide then proceeds to explain how to set up the SSH service within the WSL environment, an integral part of the process. Alongside this, it also provides detailed instructions on how to modify the inbound rules of the Windows firewall to facilitate the process, ensuring that there are no connectivity issues that could potentially hinder the debugging process.
The document further emphasizes on the importance of checking the connection between the Windows and WSL environments, providing instructions on how to ensure that the connection is optimal and ready for remote debugging.
It also offers an in-depth guide on how to configure the WSL interpreter and files within the PyCharm environment. This is essential for ensuring that the debugging process is set up correctly and that the program can be run effectively within the WSL terminal.
Additionally, the document provides guidance on how to set up breakpoints for debugging, a fundamental aspect of the debugging process which allows the developer to stop the execution of their code at certain points and inspect their program at those stages.
Finally, the document concludes by providing a link to a reference blog. This blog offers additional information and guidance on configuring the remote Python interpreter in PyCharm, providing the reader with a well-rounded understanding of the process.
Design and optimization of ion propulsion drone
Electric propulsion technology is widely used in many kinds of vehicles in recent years, and aircrafts are no exception. Technically, UAVs are electrically propelled but tend to produce a significant amount of noise and vibrations. Ion propulsion technology for drones is a potential solution to this problem. Ion propulsion technology is proven to be feasible in the earth’s atmosphere. The study presented in this article shows the design of EHD thrusters and power supply for ion propulsion drones along with performance optimization of high-voltage power supply for endurance in earth’s atmosphere.
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
学校原版美国波士顿大学毕业证学历学位证书原版一模一样
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【美国波士顿大学毕业证学历学位证书】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
cnn.pptx Convolutional neural network used for image classication
Convolutional Neural Network used for image classification
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society as a Graduate Student Member
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society as a Graduate Student Member
Null Bangalore | Pentesters Approach to AWS IAM
#Abstract:
- Learn more about the real-world methods for auditing AWS IAM (Identity and Access Management) as a pentester. So let us proceed with a brief discussion of IAM as well as some typical misconfigurations and their potential exploits in order to reinforce the understanding of IAM security best practices.
- Gain actionable insights into AWS IAM policies and roles, using hands on approach.
#Prerequisites:
- Basic understanding of AWS services and architecture
- Familiarity with cloud security concepts
- Experience using the AWS Management Console or AWS CLI.
- For hands on lab create account on [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
# Scenario Covered:
- Basics of IAM in AWS
- Implementing IAM Policies with Least Privilege to Manage S3 Bucket
- Objective: Create an S3 bucket with least privilege IAM policy and validate access.
- Steps:
- Create S3 bucket.
- Attach least privilege policy to IAM user.
- Validate access.
- Exploiting IAM PassRole Misconfiguration
-Allows a user to pass a specific IAM role to an AWS service (ec2), typically used for service access delegation. Then exploit PassRole Misconfiguration granting unauthorized access to sensitive resources.
- Objective: Demonstrate how a PassRole misconfiguration can grant unauthorized access.
- Steps:
- Allow user to pass IAM role to EC2.
- Exploit misconfiguration for unauthorized access.
- Access sensitive resources.
- Exploiting IAM AssumeRole Misconfiguration with Overly Permissive Role
- An overly permissive IAM role configuration can lead to privilege escalation by creating a role with administrative privileges and allow a user to assume this role.
- Objective: Show how overly permissive IAM roles can lead to privilege escalation.
- Steps:
- Create role with administrative privileges.
- Allow user to assume the role.
- Perform administrative actions.
- Differentiation between PassRole vs AssumeRole
Try at [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
2008 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Illustrated - Ching Chapter 02 The Building.pdf
2008 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Illustrated - Ching Chapter 02 The Building
22CYT12-Unit-V-E Waste and its Management.ppt
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
哪里办理(csu毕业证书)查尔斯特大学毕业证硕士学历原版一模一样
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【(csu毕业证书)查尔斯特大学毕业证硕士学历】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
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Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoring
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IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society as a Graduate Student Member
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2008 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Illustrated - Ching Chapter 02 The Building.pdf
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What is Highway and its Classification
- 3. CLASSIFICATION OF ROADWAY (NAGPUR ROAD PLAN) • NATIONAL HIGHWAYS(NH) • STATE HIGHWAYS(SH) • DISTRICT ROADS(DR) • MAJOR DISTRICT ROADS(MDR) • OTHER DISTRICT ROADS(ODR) • VILLAGE ROADS(VR)
- 4. • CONNECTING MAJOR PORTS,CAPITALS OF LARGE STATES & INDUSTRIES AND TOURIST CENTRES • SPEED LIMIT IS 100KMPH • MAINTAINED BY NHAI
- 5. • CONNECTING NH,DISTRICT HEAD QUARTERS,AND IMPORTANT CITIES INDUSTRIES • SPEED LIMIT IS 70KMPH • MAINTAINED BY STATE GOVT
- 6. MAJOR DISTRICT ROADS CONNECTING URBAN AREAS OF PRODUCTION , MARKETS,OTHER IMPORTANT PLACES WITH ODR ,NH&SH. SPEED LIMIT IS 40KMPH OTHER DISTRICT ROADS CONNECTING RURAL AREAS OF PRODUCTION , MARKETS,OTHER IMPORTANT PLACES WITH MDR ,NH&SH SPEED LIMIT IS 35KMPH
- 7. • CONNECTING GROUPS OF VILLAGES • SPEED LIMIT IS 30KMPH • MAINTAINED BY STATE GOVT