The document summarizes information about COVID-19, including its genotype and lifecycle. COVID-19 belongs to betacoronaviruses and causes severe acute respiratory syndrome. It has a large positive-sense RNA genome that encodes non-structural and structural proteins. The virus lifecycle involves binding to host cell receptors, releasing its RNA, replicating inside the cell, producing structural proteins, assembling a nucleoprotein complex in the endoplasmic reticulum, and being released from cells via Golgi vesicles. While similar to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, COVID-19 has differences in its genome and proteins. Potential treatments target viral replication or use monoclonal antibodies, but there is no certain cure currently.

1. THE GENOTYPE AND LİFECYCLE OF
COVID-19
BAKİ YAMAN

2. CONTENT
 What İs Corona Virus ?
 Comparison of COVID-19 With
Others
 Genome structure of COVID-19
 Potential treatments of COVID-19
Summary
 Life Cycle of COVID-19
 References

3. What İs Corona Virus
?
Coronaviruses are involved in human and vertebrate’s diseases
that cause severe acute respiratory syndrome
The recent emergence of novel coronavirus with an outbreak of
unusual viral pneumonia in Wuhan, China
Based phylogenetic relationships of COVID19, it belongs to
genera Betacoronavirus

4. Genome Structure of COVID-
19
 The genome is single-stranded positive-sense
RNA (+ssRNA) molecule.
 Contains at least six ORFs.
 The First ORFs (ORFa/b) located at 5’ end,
about two-thirds of the whole genome.
Encodes 16 NSP (non-structural proteins).
 Other ORFs located at 3’ end and encode
structural proteins

5. Life Cycle of COVID19
1) Spike protein binds to host cell reseptor, enter the
cell and envelope is peeled off for RNA release
2) pp1a and pp1ab proteins are produced, cleaved
by protease to make total 16 NSPs
3) Subgenomic RNAs produced by transcription and
translation into structural proteins
4) Nucleoprotein complex occured and enter to ER
with structural proteins
5) They merge into the complete virus particle in
golgi
6) Excreted to extracellular region through golgi
vesicles

6. SARS-CoV 2 (COVID19) Vs SARS-CoV and
MERS-CoV They are all belongs to Betacoronaviruses
 At 5’ end, Pb1ab is the first ORF of whole genome lenght encoding NSPs, but different
bp among ß-coronaviruses
 Even at spike proteins and arrangement of N, E, M proteins there are differences.and
 Less similar to SARS-CoV (about 79%) and MERS-CoV (about 50%).

7. Potential Treatment of COVID 19
There are different methods for treatment of COVID19
 Antiviral drugs using for interfere of viral replication machinery in target
cells
 Oseltamivir, peramivir, and zanamivir are neuraminidase inhibitors which
help to COVID19 treatment
 SARS-CoV-Specific Human Monoclonal Antibody (CR3022)
 CRISPR/Cas13d System is another treatment way

8. Summary
 COVID19 belongs to ß-coronaviruses and causes severe acute respiratory
sendrome.
 This virus has a large +ssRNA genome, encode NSPs and structural proteins
 There are several stages for production of complete virus particle
 Less similar to SARS-CoV (about 79%) and MERS-CoV (about 50%).
 Even there are different possible methods which help to treatment of COVID19, no
certain way for cure

9. References
 Mousavizadeh, L., Ghasemi, S., (2020), Genotype and phenotype of COVID-19: Their roles in
pathogenesis, Journal of Microbiology , 1684-1182, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2020.03.022
 Alanagreh, L., Alzoughool, F., Atoum, M., (2020), The Human Coronavirus Disease COVID-19:
Its Origin, Characteristics, and Insights into Potential Drugs and Its Mechanisms, MDPI, 9 (331),
https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9050331
 Fan, H.-H.; Wang, L.-Q.; Liu, W.-L.; An, X.-P.; Liu, Z.-D.; He, X.-Q.; Song, L.-H.; Tong, Y.-G.
Repurposing of clinically approved drugs for treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 in a 2019-
novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) related coronavirus model. Chin. Med. J. 2020.
 Colson, P.; Rolain, J.-M.; Lagier, J.-C.; Brouqui, P.; Raoult, D. Chloroquine and
hydroxychloroquine as available weapons to fight COVID-19. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents 2020,
55, 105932.
 Yao, X.; Ye, F.; Zhang, M.; Cui, C.; Huang, B.; Niu, P.; Liu, X.; Zhao, L.; Dong, E.; Song, C.; et
al. In vitro antiviral activity and projection of optimized dosing design of hydroxychloroquine for
the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Clin. Infect.
Dis. 2020.

10. Thanks for your attention
bakiyaman5@gmail.com