Theory of knowledge (TOK) is a core element of the Diploma Programme that provides students 100 hours to explore the nature of knowledge and the process of knowing. In TOK, students reflect on the knowledge they have built from academic studies and life experiences. The course centers on knowledge questions that challenge perspectives on topics like evidence, interpretation, and the pursuit of knowledge. The TOK curriculum consists of the core theme of knowledge and the knower, two optional themes chosen by teachers, and five compulsory areas of knowledge. To explore these areas, guidance and knowledge questions are organized into four elements: scope, perspectives, methods and tools, and ethics. TOK includes two assessments: an internal exhibition and an external 1,600-
To graduate from Albion College, students must complete several requirements including 32 credit units, a major, the CORE curriculum, distribution requirements, and pass a writing exam. The CORE includes 10 credit units across 5 areas - a first year seminar, 4 modes of inquiry courses examining different approaches to thinking, and 4 category courses focusing on specific topics. Students must also complete two humanities, two science, and two social science courses along with one fine art course. Students select a major from 25 departmental options, interdepartmental programs, or individually designed majors. Additionally, students can choose to complete a minor in another field of study.
The Common Core State Standards (CCSS) aim to prepare students for success in college, career, and life by establishing consistent guidelines for English language arts and literacy. The standards require students to read stories, literature, and more complex texts across subject areas in order to build critical thinking, problem solving, and analytical skills. They also promote literacy in history, science, and technical subjects by outlining the skills needed for college and career readiness across disciplines. While the standards provide guidelines, they do not mandate how to teach or fully define student readiness, and states determine how to incorporate the literacy standards for other subjects.
Kevin Ollie was born in 1972 in Texas and grew up in Los Angeles. He played for UConn from 1991-1995 under Jim Calhoun, leading the team to the Elite Eight as a senior. After his college career, Ollie played 13 seasons in the NBA before retiring in 2010. In 2012, he was named the head coach of UConn, where he had previously served as an assistant coach when the team won the national championship.
Adidas created a size conversion chart to help their global customers easily find the correctly sized shoes and apparel. Different countries and regions use different sizing systems, with an American size 7 being different from a UK size 7. The popularity of international sports teams has led to a growing worldwide demand for branded merchandise, but the various local sizing standards can make ordering online difficult. Adidas' chart allows customers anywhere in the world to determine their equivalent size in another region's system to ensure proper fit when shopping internationally.
La pandemia de COVID-19 ha tenido un impacto significativo en la economía mundial y las vidas de las personas. Muchos países han impuesto medidas de confinamiento que han cerrado negocios y escuelas, y han pedido a las personas que permanezcan en sus hogares tanto como sea posible para frenar la propagación del virus. A medida que los países comienzan a reabrir gradualmente sus economías, existen preocupaciones sobre posibles rebrotes si las medidas de distanciamiento social se relajan demasiado rápido.
1. The history of science and technology education in Japan shows a segregation between different communities like the history of science, philosophy of science, and science education.
2. The Japanese government determined the academic contents of education through curriculum guidelines and university entrance exams, which did not include the nature of science (NOS) as a subject.
3. As a result, the idea that science is fallible and shaped by human factors was not officially recognized in the Japanese education system, despite being discussed in some alternative media and popular science publications.
Theory of knowledge (TOK) is a core element of the Diploma Programme that provides students 100 hours to explore the nature of knowledge and the process of knowing. In TOK, students reflect on the knowledge they have built from academic studies and life experiences. The course centers on knowledge questions that challenge perspectives on topics like evidence, interpretation, and the pursuit of knowledge. The TOK curriculum consists of the core theme of knowledge and the knower, two optional themes chosen by teachers, and five compulsory areas of knowledge. To explore these areas, guidance and knowledge questions are organized into four elements: scope, perspectives, methods and tools, and ethics. TOK includes two assessments: an internal exhibition and an external 1,600-
To graduate from Albion College, students must complete several requirements including 32 credit units, a major, the CORE curriculum, distribution requirements, and pass a writing exam. The CORE includes 10 credit units across 5 areas - a first year seminar, 4 modes of inquiry courses examining different approaches to thinking, and 4 category courses focusing on specific topics. Students must also complete two humanities, two science, and two social science courses along with one fine art course. Students select a major from 25 departmental options, interdepartmental programs, or individually designed majors. Additionally, students can choose to complete a minor in another field of study.
The Common Core State Standards (CCSS) aim to prepare students for success in college, career, and life by establishing consistent guidelines for English language arts and literacy. The standards require students to read stories, literature, and more complex texts across subject areas in order to build critical thinking, problem solving, and analytical skills. They also promote literacy in history, science, and technical subjects by outlining the skills needed for college and career readiness across disciplines. While the standards provide guidelines, they do not mandate how to teach or fully define student readiness, and states determine how to incorporate the literacy standards for other subjects.
Kevin Ollie was born in 1972 in Texas and grew up in Los Angeles. He played for UConn from 1991-1995 under Jim Calhoun, leading the team to the Elite Eight as a senior. After his college career, Ollie played 13 seasons in the NBA before retiring in 2010. In 2012, he was named the head coach of UConn, where he had previously served as an assistant coach when the team won the national championship.
Adidas created a size conversion chart to help their global customers easily find the correctly sized shoes and apparel. Different countries and regions use different sizing systems, with an American size 7 being different from a UK size 7. The popularity of international sports teams has led to a growing worldwide demand for branded merchandise, but the various local sizing standards can make ordering online difficult. Adidas' chart allows customers anywhere in the world to determine their equivalent size in another region's system to ensure proper fit when shopping internationally.
La pandemia de COVID-19 ha tenido un impacto significativo en la economía mundial y las vidas de las personas. Muchos países han impuesto medidas de confinamiento que han cerrado negocios y escuelas, y han pedido a las personas que permanezcan en sus hogares tanto como sea posible para frenar la propagación del virus. A medida que los países comienzan a reabrir gradualmente sus economías, existen preocupaciones sobre posibles rebrotes si las medidas de distanciamiento social se relajan demasiado rápido.
1. The history of science and technology education in Japan shows a segregation between different communities like the history of science, philosophy of science, and science education.
2. The Japanese government determined the academic contents of education through curriculum guidelines and university entrance exams, which did not include the nature of science (NOS) as a subject.
3. As a result, the idea that science is fallible and shaped by human factors was not officially recognized in the Japanese education system, despite being discussed in some alternative media and popular science publications.
Prezentacja z konferencji Internet Beta z września 2012 roku na temat działań marketingowych związanych z aplikacjiami mobilnymi. Jak kształtować aplikację mobilną, jej cenę, kanały dystrybucji i promocji.
This document discusses the history and current state of logic education for philosophers in Japan. It provides background on several important figures who helped establish the logic tradition in Japan, including Ono Katudi, Takeuti Gaishi, Ishimoto Arata, Seki Setsuya, and Maehara Shoji. It then describes the development of logic textbooks in Japan from translations in the late 1980s to original works in the 1990s-2000s. The document also discusses factors like higher education policy changes and economic conditions that impacted logic education. Finally, it summarizes the results of a survey of logic education in U.S. philosophy departments.
fault tolerant system 설계를 위한 패턴
http://kcd.onoffmix.com/speaker.php
결함 허용 시스템?
결함(Fault)
안정성 (Reliability)
가용성 (Availability)
범위(Coverage)
P(성공적으로 자동 복구됨|오류 발생)
계산 공식
= P(성공적인 오류 감지) X P(성공적인 오류 복구)
안정성과 가용성이 높은 시스템은 95% 이상의 커버리지 지향
결함 허용 시스템을 위한 Pattern
Presence server
완화 단위 만들기(UNIT OF MITIGATION)
완화 단위 만들기(UNIT OF MITIGATION)
검사하고 수정하기 (CORRECTING AUDITS )
검사하고 수정하기 (CORRECTING AUDITS )
중복된 컴포넌트 및 기능 만들기(Redundancy)
중복된 컴포넌트 및 기능 만들기(Redundancy)
사람들의 간섭을 최소화하기(MINIMIZE HUMAN INTERVENTION )
사람들의 간섭을 최소화하기(MINIMIZE HUMAN INTERVENTION )
유지보수 인터페이스 만들기(MAINTENANCE INTERFACE)
유지보수 인터페이스 만들기(MAINTENANCE INTERFACE)
책임자 두기(SOMEONE IN CHARGE)
책임자 두기(SOMEONE IN CHARGE)
단계적으로 확대하기(ESCALATION)
단계적으로 확대하기(ESCALATION)
결함 감시자 두기(FAULT OBSERVER)
결함 감시자 두기(FAULT OBSERVER)
소프트웨어 업데이트(SOFTWARE UPDATE)
소프트웨어 업데이트(SOFTWARE UPDATE)
시스템 모니터(SYSTEM MONITOR)
시스템 모니터(SYSTEM MONITOR)
심장박동(HEARTBEAT)
심장박동(HEARTBEAT)
받았다고 알리기 (ACKNOWLEDGEMENT)
받았다고 알리기 (ACKNOWLEDGEMENT)
실제 임계값(REALISTIC THRESHOLD)
실제 임계값(REALISTIC THRESHOLD)
체크섬 (CHECKSUM)
체크섬 (CHECKSUM)
일시적인 것들은 무시하기(RIDING OVER TRANSIENTS)
일시적인 것들은 무시하기(RIDING OVER TRANSIENTS)
재시작 (RESTART)
재시작 (RESTART)
재시도 횟수를 제한하기(LIMIT RETRIES)
재시도 횟수를 제한하기(LIMIT RETRIES)
데이터 리셋 (DATA RESET)
데이터 리셋 (DATA RESET)
공평한 자원 할당(EQUITABLE RESOURCE ALLOCATION )
공평한 자원 할당(EQUITABLE RESOURCE ALLOCATION )
리소스 할당을 위해 큐에 넣기(QUEUE FOR RESOURCES )
리소스 할당을 위해 큐에 넣기(QUEUE FOR RESOURCES )
새로운 일부터 하기(FRESH WORK BEFORE STALE)
새로운 일부터 하기(FRESH WORK BEFORE STALE)
표시된 데이터(MARKED DATA)
표시된 데이터(MARKED DATA)
재통합 (REINTEGRATION)
재통합 (REINTEGRATION)
근본 원인 분석(ROOT CAUSE ANALYSIS)
근본 원인 분석(ROOT CAUSE ANALYSIS)
2. 제 때에 오지 않는 정보의 원인이 되는 결함
Wrap up 1
< 개념 설명 >
결함 허용 시스템이 무엇인지?
결함 허용 시스템 구조의 4가지 단계
용어설명 : 결함, 오류, 장애
안정성, 가용성, 커버리지
Wrap up 2
< 응답하라2013 서버 >
결함 허용 시스템을 만들 때의 마음가짐
초기 설계패턴 및 오류 감지, 오류 복구, 오류 완화 , 결함 치료 단계별 패턴
To do
더 많은 결함허용패턴들
실제 패턴 별 구현 방법
각자의 시스템에 결함 허용을 할 수 있도록 만들어 보기
참고 문헌
Robert S. Hammer, Patterns for fault tolerant software, Wiley, 2007
< 웹사이트 >
http://www.slideshare.net/ufried/no-crash-allowed-fault-tolerance-patterns
English-medium Instruction in Japanese Higher Education:
Policy, Challenges and Outcomes
Moderator: Annette Bradford Panelists: Hiroyuki Takagi, Juanita Heigham, Jim McKinley
ICAS public lecture series videos are posted on Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLAA67B040B82B8AEF
The document provides an overview of Japan's education system from early childhood through university level. It notes that the Ministry of Education oversees education and outlines the main phases: kindergarten/nursery school, elementary school, junior high school, high school, and university. Elementary and junior high education are predominantly public, while high school has both public and private options. The education system places strong emphasis on academics, and parents are highly involved in early childhood learning. English education in particular has grown in importance for career opportunities.
ASEAN Final Presentation [all combined]Kimp Hermawan
Cuts to humanities and social sciences programs at Japanese universities have generated policy recommendations. While some see benefits to focusing on practical majors, others argue this narrow view fails to develop well-rounded, critical thinkers and loses important cultural and economic benefits. Recommendations include maintaining balance between sciences and humanities, using social sciences to address social problems, and leveraging humanities to attract tourism. Without these programs, societies risk losing important checks on power and sources of economic growth.
1) Japan faces challenges in balancing its relationships with the US, China, and North Korea due to shifts in regional power structures.
2) These challenges have arisen due to China's rising power challenging Japan's post-war bilateral security ties with the US, and North Korea's nuclear ambitions threatening regional stability.
3) In response, Japan has pursued more proactive diplomacy through initiatives like "values-based diplomacy" while still relying on its alliance with the US for security assurances against China and North Korea.
The document provides information about the Hokkaido University Short-Term Exchange Program (HUSTEP). HUSTEP offers undergraduate students from partner universities the opportunity to study at Hokkaido University for either one semester or one academic year. Students can take classes taught in English in various fields as well as Japanese language classes. The program also provides opportunities for independent research and cultural experiences. Students who participate in HUSTEP for the full academic year can apply for scholarships and have more course options compared to those who only participate for one semester.
This document discusses student mobility trends between Japan and the United States. It notes that while the number of Japanese students studying abroad peaked in 2004/2005, the numbers have since declined. Similarly, the number of U.S. students studying in Japan peaked in 2009/2010 but has also fallen. Both countries have a goal to double mutual student exchange numbers by 2020 in order to strengthen cultural and economic ties. The document examines some of the challenges around student mobility such as financial costs, language barriers, and differing priorities of students and employers in each country.
The document summarizes challenges facing Japan in its international relations, providing context and examples. It discusses Japan balancing its relationships with the US and China regarding security issues like the Senkaku/Diaoyu Islands and US bases. Structural factors like the post-occupation security treaty and rise of China create challenges, while agencies like MOFA prioritize maintaining the alliance. Norms of bilateralism have strengthened over Asianism or antimilitarism. Examples provided on how Japan has responded instrumentally include strengthening the US alliance amid China's rising influence.
at CARME 2019 CapeTown
Three months after CARME2015, I published the Japanese translation of Clausenâs âApplied Correspondence Analysisâ, published by SAGE Ohom-sha, which is the famous scientific publisher in Japan. Fortunately, I received a lot of positive feedback to the translation.
I have recently undertaken exchanges with advanced researchers of CA, including those concerned with Hayashi's quantification theory.
In my talk I will report on the process of these exchanges and what I observed from their feedback.
The use of correspondence analysis in sociology is commonly viewed alongside Bourdieuâs âla distinction". However, there are problems in understanding such a view for translators of MCA and so Bourdieu perspective of the method, including statistical methods, was not fully understood except for a small number of researchers in Japan.
Despite this, we can recognise the new developments around MCA that have been made in recent years. In 2016, questions raised by Bourdieuâs use of MCA by Prof Kitada in "What is a Hobby for Society: Method Criteria of Cultural Sociology" , and in 2017 a Japanese translation of Tony Bennetâs âCulture, Class, Distinctionâ in which Bourdieuâs method was critically inherited and applied to British society was published.
On the other hand, improvements in the performance of personal computers, the widespread availability and expansion of the statistical language R, the utility of MCA has greatly improved.
In my presentation, along seeing these change of environments, I describe the current landscape of CA/MCA in Japan, and I will propose the educational program for undergraduate students to learn CA/MCA.
CA, MCA, Bourdieu, Japan, education, R
This document provides an overview and orientation for the International Baccalaureate (IB) Diploma Programme at the International School of Hyderabad (ISH). It outlines the core components of the IB including subject choices across 6 groups, the extended essay, theory of knowledge, and creativity, action, service requirements. Sample subject descriptions are provided. Assessment details, the mission statements of IB and ISH, and frequently asked questions are also addressed to help students understand the rigors and opportunities of the IB Diploma Programme.
Lisa Clughen (Nottingham Trent University) – “They give me their work and I t...ARLGSW
Presentation from the 6th CILIP ARLG-SW Discover Academic Research and Training Support Conference (DARTS6). Dartington Hall, Totnes, Thursday 24th – Friday 25th May 2018
Language Needs: The Unaddressed Factor in Internationalization (i18n)Parisa Mehran
This needs analysis study examined the English language needs of 278 Japanese undergraduate students and insights from 12 instructors/policy makers at Osaka University. Key findings included: Students struggled most with listening and speaking skills like understanding fast speech and expressing themselves spontaneously. They reported having little opportunity to use English. Instructors agreed students needed improved communication skills for future careers. Both groups saw value in an online English for General Academic Purposes course to address issues like large class sizes and provide more speaking practice and feedback on writing. The study provides implications for developing an online EGAP course at multiple levels focusing on all skills.
Prezentacja z konferencji Internet Beta z września 2012 roku na temat działań marketingowych związanych z aplikacjiami mobilnymi. Jak kształtować aplikację mobilną, jej cenę, kanały dystrybucji i promocji.
This document discusses the history and current state of logic education for philosophers in Japan. It provides background on several important figures who helped establish the logic tradition in Japan, including Ono Katudi, Takeuti Gaishi, Ishimoto Arata, Seki Setsuya, and Maehara Shoji. It then describes the development of logic textbooks in Japan from translations in the late 1980s to original works in the 1990s-2000s. The document also discusses factors like higher education policy changes and economic conditions that impacted logic education. Finally, it summarizes the results of a survey of logic education in U.S. philosophy departments.
fault tolerant system 설계를 위한 패턴
http://kcd.onoffmix.com/speaker.php
결함 허용 시스템?
결함(Fault)
안정성 (Reliability)
가용성 (Availability)
범위(Coverage)
P(성공적으로 자동 복구됨|오류 발생)
계산 공식
= P(성공적인 오류 감지) X P(성공적인 오류 복구)
안정성과 가용성이 높은 시스템은 95% 이상의 커버리지 지향
결함 허용 시스템을 위한 Pattern
Presence server
완화 단위 만들기(UNIT OF MITIGATION)
완화 단위 만들기(UNIT OF MITIGATION)
검사하고 수정하기 (CORRECTING AUDITS )
검사하고 수정하기 (CORRECTING AUDITS )
중복된 컴포넌트 및 기능 만들기(Redundancy)
중복된 컴포넌트 및 기능 만들기(Redundancy)
사람들의 간섭을 최소화하기(MINIMIZE HUMAN INTERVENTION )
사람들의 간섭을 최소화하기(MINIMIZE HUMAN INTERVENTION )
유지보수 인터페이스 만들기(MAINTENANCE INTERFACE)
유지보수 인터페이스 만들기(MAINTENANCE INTERFACE)
책임자 두기(SOMEONE IN CHARGE)
책임자 두기(SOMEONE IN CHARGE)
단계적으로 확대하기(ESCALATION)
단계적으로 확대하기(ESCALATION)
결함 감시자 두기(FAULT OBSERVER)
결함 감시자 두기(FAULT OBSERVER)
소프트웨어 업데이트(SOFTWARE UPDATE)
소프트웨어 업데이트(SOFTWARE UPDATE)
시스템 모니터(SYSTEM MONITOR)
시스템 모니터(SYSTEM MONITOR)
심장박동(HEARTBEAT)
심장박동(HEARTBEAT)
받았다고 알리기 (ACKNOWLEDGEMENT)
받았다고 알리기 (ACKNOWLEDGEMENT)
실제 임계값(REALISTIC THRESHOLD)
실제 임계값(REALISTIC THRESHOLD)
체크섬 (CHECKSUM)
체크섬 (CHECKSUM)
일시적인 것들은 무시하기(RIDING OVER TRANSIENTS)
일시적인 것들은 무시하기(RIDING OVER TRANSIENTS)
재시작 (RESTART)
재시작 (RESTART)
재시도 횟수를 제한하기(LIMIT RETRIES)
재시도 횟수를 제한하기(LIMIT RETRIES)
데이터 리셋 (DATA RESET)
데이터 리셋 (DATA RESET)
공평한 자원 할당(EQUITABLE RESOURCE ALLOCATION )
공평한 자원 할당(EQUITABLE RESOURCE ALLOCATION )
리소스 할당을 위해 큐에 넣기(QUEUE FOR RESOURCES )
리소스 할당을 위해 큐에 넣기(QUEUE FOR RESOURCES )
새로운 일부터 하기(FRESH WORK BEFORE STALE)
새로운 일부터 하기(FRESH WORK BEFORE STALE)
표시된 데이터(MARKED DATA)
표시된 데이터(MARKED DATA)
재통합 (REINTEGRATION)
재통합 (REINTEGRATION)
근본 원인 분석(ROOT CAUSE ANALYSIS)
근본 원인 분석(ROOT CAUSE ANALYSIS)
2. 제 때에 오지 않는 정보의 원인이 되는 결함
Wrap up 1
< 개념 설명 >
결함 허용 시스템이 무엇인지?
결함 허용 시스템 구조의 4가지 단계
용어설명 : 결함, 오류, 장애
안정성, 가용성, 커버리지
Wrap up 2
< 응답하라2013 서버 >
결함 허용 시스템을 만들 때의 마음가짐
초기 설계패턴 및 오류 감지, 오류 복구, 오류 완화 , 결함 치료 단계별 패턴
To do
더 많은 결함허용패턴들
실제 패턴 별 구현 방법
각자의 시스템에 결함 허용을 할 수 있도록 만들어 보기
참고 문헌
Robert S. Hammer, Patterns for fault tolerant software, Wiley, 2007
< 웹사이트 >
http://www.slideshare.net/ufried/no-crash-allowed-fault-tolerance-patterns
English-medium Instruction in Japanese Higher Education:
Policy, Challenges and Outcomes
Moderator: Annette Bradford Panelists: Hiroyuki Takagi, Juanita Heigham, Jim McKinley
ICAS public lecture series videos are posted on Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLAA67B040B82B8AEF
The document provides an overview of Japan's education system from early childhood through university level. It notes that the Ministry of Education oversees education and outlines the main phases: kindergarten/nursery school, elementary school, junior high school, high school, and university. Elementary and junior high education are predominantly public, while high school has both public and private options. The education system places strong emphasis on academics, and parents are highly involved in early childhood learning. English education in particular has grown in importance for career opportunities.
ASEAN Final Presentation [all combined]Kimp Hermawan
Cuts to humanities and social sciences programs at Japanese universities have generated policy recommendations. While some see benefits to focusing on practical majors, others argue this narrow view fails to develop well-rounded, critical thinkers and loses important cultural and economic benefits. Recommendations include maintaining balance between sciences and humanities, using social sciences to address social problems, and leveraging humanities to attract tourism. Without these programs, societies risk losing important checks on power and sources of economic growth.
1) Japan faces challenges in balancing its relationships with the US, China, and North Korea due to shifts in regional power structures.
2) These challenges have arisen due to China's rising power challenging Japan's post-war bilateral security ties with the US, and North Korea's nuclear ambitions threatening regional stability.
3) In response, Japan has pursued more proactive diplomacy through initiatives like "values-based diplomacy" while still relying on its alliance with the US for security assurances against China and North Korea.
The document provides information about the Hokkaido University Short-Term Exchange Program (HUSTEP). HUSTEP offers undergraduate students from partner universities the opportunity to study at Hokkaido University for either one semester or one academic year. Students can take classes taught in English in various fields as well as Japanese language classes. The program also provides opportunities for independent research and cultural experiences. Students who participate in HUSTEP for the full academic year can apply for scholarships and have more course options compared to those who only participate for one semester.
This document discusses student mobility trends between Japan and the United States. It notes that while the number of Japanese students studying abroad peaked in 2004/2005, the numbers have since declined. Similarly, the number of U.S. students studying in Japan peaked in 2009/2010 but has also fallen. Both countries have a goal to double mutual student exchange numbers by 2020 in order to strengthen cultural and economic ties. The document examines some of the challenges around student mobility such as financial costs, language barriers, and differing priorities of students and employers in each country.
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at CARME 2019 CapeTown
Three months after CARME2015, I published the Japanese translation of Clausenâs âApplied Correspondence Analysisâ, published by SAGE Ohom-sha, which is the famous scientific publisher in Japan. Fortunately, I received a lot of positive feedback to the translation.
I have recently undertaken exchanges with advanced researchers of CA, including those concerned with Hayashi's quantification theory.
In my talk I will report on the process of these exchanges and what I observed from their feedback.
The use of correspondence analysis in sociology is commonly viewed alongside Bourdieuâs âla distinction". However, there are problems in understanding such a view for translators of MCA and so Bourdieu perspective of the method, including statistical methods, was not fully understood except for a small number of researchers in Japan.
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In my presentation, along seeing these change of environments, I describe the current landscape of CA/MCA in Japan, and I will propose the educational program for undergraduate students to learn CA/MCA.
CA, MCA, Bourdieu, Japan, education, R
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What does "academic writing" mean in Japan?
1. What does “academic writing” mean
in Japanese higher education?
Yuko Murakami
(Tohoku University)
2. Critical writing be a part of applied
philosophy projects?
• How can it help young philosophers under
shrinking job market?
• What sort of pedagogical skills are to be
recommended for young philosophers?
3. Japanese HE
• AY2012: 783 4-year univs/colleges
– National 86, public 92, private 605
0
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
700,000
800,000
900,000
private
public
national
4. Distorted AO: virtually no academic
assessment to recruit incoming students
0
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
300000
350000
400000
450000
500000
Nat/pub private
Other
Recommendation
Academic assessment
Nat/Pub Private
Academic 81.62% 49.07%
Recom 17.72% 50.49%
Other 0.66% 0.44%
Fewer subjects required for private
universities: no Japanese/history/geography
for STM, no math/science for humanities
and social science
5. Similar situations to 1980s in US
• Explosion of HE: insufficient preparation for
college education
• Followed by an increasing number of non-
traditional students
• Student supports: academic skill class, life
accomodation
– writing center
– Note taking
6. Still different aspects
• writing in which language?
– Research Universities: writing academic paper in
ENGLISH (while no training given for academic
writing in Japanese)
– Others: in Japanese < much more similar to US
situation
7. Sectors of Japanese HE
national
Research: STM
Competitive
entrance
examination
5 subjects
public
professional
Competitive
entrance
examination
3-4 subjects
private
Social science and
humanities
Half:entrance exam
1-3 subjects/Half:
no academic
assessment at all
8. Fragmented methodology
• TESOL
• Paragraph writing
• Psychology/ social psychology
• Rhetoric
• logic
• Deficiency of Japanese K-12 curriculum
9. Questions to speakers
• To which sector do you think your method
works the best, assuming it has its own
strength?
• Why in higher education? Why not in
elementary/secondary schools?