The relationship between rulers and the state changed during the Enlightenment. Philosophers argued that the ruler and state should serve the people, rather than people solely serving the ruler and state. Several monarchs embraced Enlightenment ideals and sought to improve conditions for citizens, such as Frederick the Great saying he was "the first servant of the state," Catherine the Great allowing free press and religion in Russia, and Joseph II promoting religious equality in Austria and learning about peasant problems. Overall there was a shift to the people being served by their government rather than only serving the state.
The document provides background information on key figures of the Enlightenment period in the 18th century. It discusses their ideas and contributions, including John Locke's views on human understanding, Isaac Newton's laws of physics and application to society, Montesquieu's separation of powers model of government, Voltaire's criticism of Christianity and support for religious tolerance, and Denis Diderot's Encyclopedia that aimed to change the way of thinking. The Enlightenment was a philosophical movement defined by the use of reason and natural laws to understand humanity and society.
The Enlightenment brought new ideas about equality, social justice, and individual liberties that spread across Europe in the late 1700s. Absolute monarchs in countries like Prussia, Austria, and Russia implemented some reforms as "enlightened despots" while maintaining their authoritarian rule. Enlightenment thinking influenced culture through salons, literature, and the arts as styles evolved from baroque to rococo and classical. While most Europeans were not directly impacted, the ideals of the Enlightenment planted seeds that would blossom into political upheaval in the 1800s.
This document discusses various sociological perspectives on religion, including functionalist, Marxist, feminist, and postmodern views. It also examines how religion relates to other factors like gender, ethnicity, age, and social change. Functionalists see religion as promoting social solidarity, while Marxists view it as legitimizing inequality. Postmodernists argue religion is changing and becoming more privatized rather than declining. Higher religiosity is found among women, ethnic minorities, and older age groups for various proposed reasons.
Religious Experiences and Spirituality: Indigenous Religions in Pre-colonial ...Tikboy Rosquillo
A Final Requirement for General Education for Social Science and Philosophy (GESSP): Religious Experiences and Spirituality.
Submitted by Group 3 from I-CBPW (2014-2015) under Prof. Tessie Tapiador-Sagadraca , University of Makati
Religion can act as both a conservative and progressive force in society. Some sociologists see religion as preserving traditions and the status quo, while others like Weber argue it can encourage social change, using the example of Calvinism giving rise to the Protestant work ethic and capitalism. Liberation theology in Latin America showed how the Catholic church mobilized against dictatorships and for the poor, acting as an agent of social change. However, religious movements may fail to bring widespread change if they do not connect with mainstream beliefs, as with the New Christian Right in the US.
The document summarizes the major religions practiced in the Philippines. It begins by stating that approximately 90% of Filipinos are Christian, mostly Catholic, but also including Iglesia ni Cristo, Protestants, and others. Prior to colonialism, animism was widely practiced among indigenous tribes. While most Filipinos are now Christian, some indigenous beliefs involving spirits and nature worship still exist. Other religions in the Philippines include Islam, Buddhism, Hinduism, Judaism and the Mormon faith.
1. Scholars debate whether religion hinders or promotes social change.
2. Functionalists like Durkheim and Parsons believe religion maintains social stability, while Marxists like Marx argue it hinders change by legitimizing inequality.
3. Weber believed religion could act as a catalyst for change by shaping cultural and economic systems, as seen with Calvinism and capitalism.
The relationship between rulers and the state changed during the Enlightenment. Philosophers argued that the ruler and state should serve the people, rather than people solely serving the ruler and state. Several monarchs embraced Enlightenment ideals and sought to improve conditions for citizens, such as Frederick the Great saying he was "the first servant of the state," Catherine the Great allowing free press and religion in Russia, and Joseph II promoting religious equality in Austria and learning about peasant problems. Overall there was a shift to the people being served by their government rather than only serving the state.
The document provides background information on key figures of the Enlightenment period in the 18th century. It discusses their ideas and contributions, including John Locke's views on human understanding, Isaac Newton's laws of physics and application to society, Montesquieu's separation of powers model of government, Voltaire's criticism of Christianity and support for religious tolerance, and Denis Diderot's Encyclopedia that aimed to change the way of thinking. The Enlightenment was a philosophical movement defined by the use of reason and natural laws to understand humanity and society.
The Enlightenment brought new ideas about equality, social justice, and individual liberties that spread across Europe in the late 1700s. Absolute monarchs in countries like Prussia, Austria, and Russia implemented some reforms as "enlightened despots" while maintaining their authoritarian rule. Enlightenment thinking influenced culture through salons, literature, and the arts as styles evolved from baroque to rococo and classical. While most Europeans were not directly impacted, the ideals of the Enlightenment planted seeds that would blossom into political upheaval in the 1800s.
This document discusses various sociological perspectives on religion, including functionalist, Marxist, feminist, and postmodern views. It also examines how religion relates to other factors like gender, ethnicity, age, and social change. Functionalists see religion as promoting social solidarity, while Marxists view it as legitimizing inequality. Postmodernists argue religion is changing and becoming more privatized rather than declining. Higher religiosity is found among women, ethnic minorities, and older age groups for various proposed reasons.
Religious Experiences and Spirituality: Indigenous Religions in Pre-colonial ...Tikboy Rosquillo
A Final Requirement for General Education for Social Science and Philosophy (GESSP): Religious Experiences and Spirituality.
Submitted by Group 3 from I-CBPW (2014-2015) under Prof. Tessie Tapiador-Sagadraca , University of Makati
Religion can act as both a conservative and progressive force in society. Some sociologists see religion as preserving traditions and the status quo, while others like Weber argue it can encourage social change, using the example of Calvinism giving rise to the Protestant work ethic and capitalism. Liberation theology in Latin America showed how the Catholic church mobilized against dictatorships and for the poor, acting as an agent of social change. However, religious movements may fail to bring widespread change if they do not connect with mainstream beliefs, as with the New Christian Right in the US.
The document summarizes the major religions practiced in the Philippines. It begins by stating that approximately 90% of Filipinos are Christian, mostly Catholic, but also including Iglesia ni Cristo, Protestants, and others. Prior to colonialism, animism was widely practiced among indigenous tribes. While most Filipinos are now Christian, some indigenous beliefs involving spirits and nature worship still exist. Other religions in the Philippines include Islam, Buddhism, Hinduism, Judaism and the Mormon faith.
1. Scholars debate whether religion hinders or promotes social change.
2. Functionalists like Durkheim and Parsons believe religion maintains social stability, while Marxists like Marx argue it hinders change by legitimizing inequality.
3. Weber believed religion could act as a catalyst for change by shaping cultural and economic systems, as seen with Calvinism and capitalism.
The document summarizes key aspects of culture in the Philippines, including the flag, languages, religions, costumes, foods, dances, music, and games. It notes that the Philippines has over 186 individual languages, with Filipino and English being most prominent. Christianity is the dominant religion, specifically Catholicism, and foods include lechon, adobo, and lumpia. Traditional dances include the tinikling dance. Music incorporates Asian, Spanish, Latin American, and American influences. Games include luksung baka and patintero.
The document summarizes the history and cultures of South Asia. It discusses how the Aryans introduced the caste system and Hinduism to the region. Major empires like the Maurya, Gupta, and Mughal shaped South Asia politically and culturally. The British later colonized the subcontinent, and India gained independence in 1947 through Gandhi's nonviolent movement, though partition along religious lines led to conflict. Today, South Asia is religiously and linguistically diverse, with Hinduism, Islam, and many other faiths and languages represented.
This document summarizes key provisions of Batas Pambansa Bilang 232, a Philippine law establishing an integrated education system. It outlines the law's declaration of basic policy and objectives to promote a complete education system and cultural communities' right to develop. It describes rights of parents, students, teachers and schools. It discusses duties of parents, students and teachers as well as school administrators' obligations. It also covers the education system's formal levels, specialized services, school establishment and organization, and financing assistance.
The delegates at the Constitutional Convention divided power between the national and state governments, and also separated the national government into three branches: the legislative, executive, and judicial branches. This created a system of separation of powers. To prevent any one branch from becoming too powerful, the founders established a system of checks and balances, allowing each branch to limit the powers of the others. For example, Congress checks the president through the power to override a veto or impeach, while the president checks Congress through the veto power and ability to call special sessions. This system aimed to prevent tyranny and protect individual liberties.
The document provides an overview of key developments in the early modern period including the globalization of Christianity, the scientific revolution, and their cultural impacts. It discusses how Christianity spread globally for the first time through missionary efforts and imperialism. The scientific revolution challenged religious authority and older worldviews, fostering new ways of thinking. Enlightenment thinkers applied the scientific approach to human affairs and society, advocating reason and progress. However, 19th century science later undermined some Enlightenment assumptions. European science was selectively adopted in Asia, influencing fields like medicine and cartography but not wholly transforming local traditions.
This document discusses Marxist views on religion and social change. It addresses how religion can both inhibit and encourage change, providing examples like liberation theology. Liberation theology emerged in Latin America in response to poverty and human rights abuses. While the Catholic Church condemned it, liberation theology resisted state terror and mobilized the poor. The document also examines millenarian movements, which promised immediate improvement for the poor, and cargo cults in Melanesia responding to colonial exploitation. Religion can be used to maintain social control but also challenge the status quo through alternative visions or clergy supporting workers' organizations. Case studies show how religious leadership, organization, and support influenced levels of class conflict and militancy.
This document discusses social institutions and defines them as structured social groups that govern members' behavior and promote social order and cooperation. It examines the key characteristics and functions of institutions, including simplifying social behavior, providing social roles and relations, coordinating stability, and controlling behavior. The major social institutions discussed are the family, education, religion, economic institutions, and government. For each institution, the document outlines their defining features, roles, and how they socialize groups.
Religion plays complex and varied roles in society according to different sociological perspectives. Functionalists view religion as primarily serving conservative functions by promoting social solidarity and stability. However, Marxists see religion as an ideological tool used by the ruling class to legitimate inequality. Feminists argue that most religions reflect and reinforce patriarchal values and the subordination of women. Some sociologists such as Weber view religion as capable of driving social change, while others see it more as a conservative force seeking to maintain traditional beliefs and social structures. Debates also exist around secularization and the declining importance of religion in modern societies.
The Age of Enlightenment Essay
Essay on The Enlightenment
Essay about European Enlightenment
Essay on The Enlightenment
Enlightenment Argument
Essay On Enlightenment
Thinkers of the Enlightenment Essay
The Enlightenment Essay
Impact Of The Enlightenment
The document discusses the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment. It provides learning outcomes about key figures from these periods like Copernicus, Galileo, Bacon, Newton, Hobbes, Locke, Voltaire, Montesquieu, and Rousseau. It also discusses the shift from the "old science" perspective relying on authorities to the "new science" perspective using observation and experimentation. Finally, it describes how Enlightenment ideas spread through Europe and influenced governments, arts, and the founding of the United States.
The document discusses the rise of new religious movements in America from the 1960s onward. It attributes their growth to factors like disenchantment with mainstream religion, disillusionment with science and technology, and a desire for personal spirituality. Many new religious movements offered alternative beliefs and practices that were experiential, therapeutic, or promised to answer existential questions. The document provides examples of some prominent new religious movements like Scientology, the Hare Krishna movement, and movements that revised older religions like Neo-Paganism.
The document provides background on the origins and development of the social sciences. It discusses how the social sciences emerged later than the natural sciences and were originally based on social and political philosophy. The key developments that allowed the social sciences to grow included the scientific revolution, secularization of learning through events like the Protestant Reformation and Enlightenment, the rise of universities, and the dissolution of feudal social relations with the growth of commerce. These changes helped establish science as the dominant way of understanding the world and nature.
The document summarizes the historical origins and development of the social sciences. It discusses how the social sciences emerged later than the natural sciences, tracing origins to ancient Greek philosophers but only developing as separate fields in the modern period. Key events that enabled this included the scientific revolution undermining religious authority, the secularization of education through universities, and the dissolution of feudal social relations with the rise of commerce. The document presents the social sciences as building upon these historical transformations to establish empirical, evidence-based approaches to studying society, culture and politics.
The philosophical foundations of educationLo-Ann Placido
The document outlines several philosophies that influenced education during the Renaissance period and modern times, including:
1. During the Renaissance, movements like Humanism, the Reformation, and Counter-Reformation shaped educational approaches, while Realism, Rationalism, and Nationalism influenced curriculum.
2. In modern times, philosophies like Idealism, Progressivism, and Existentialism defined different views on knowledge and the role of the teacher.
3. Additional philosophies discussed are Essentialism, which emphasizes teaching essential cultural ideas and skills, and Developmentalism, a child-centered view of education as natural growth.
This document provides an overview of session 7 of the course "Justice & Power" which focuses on Montesquieu. It discusses the Enlightenment period following Newton's Principia and the Scientific Revolution. During this time, new attention was paid to applying scientific theories to increase wealth, comfort and happiness. The document also examines Montesquieu's education and career, and his influential work "De l'esprit des lois" published in 1748. It provides context on the spread of Enlightenment ideas in Europe and their influence on the founding of America. Key figures discussed include Montesquieu, Rousseau, Jefferson and Burke.
The document provides an overview of the Enlightenment, including that it was an intellectual movement where thinkers used reason and science rather than religion to understand the world. It took place from the late 17th century through the 18th century, starting in Britain and spreading to France and the Americas. Before the Enlightenment, most of Europe was ruled by absolute monarchs and religious authorities, while the Enlightenment encouraged changes in government, society, and economic structures and influenced revolutions through the ideas of influential philosophers.
The Enlightenment was a period in the 18th century where new ideas focused on logic and reason spread across Europe. Thinkers like Locke and Montesquieu challenged absolute monarchy and inequality, and advocated for natural rights and separation of powers. Enlightenment ideals emphasized using science and philosophy to improve life through advances like vaccines.
The Enlightenment shifted attention from religious to secular questions by seeking answers even to religious questions in secular terms. This vastly expanded the sphere of the secular, making it the primary frame of reference for more educated people. The Enlightenment built on the gradual sixteenth- and seventeenth-century process of secularizing art, music, science, politics, and concepts of space and time, and promoted secularization as an international intellectual movement. Attachment to the here-and-now world without constant reference to God became more common and drove innovative thinking about society, government, and the economy.
This document outlines the key concepts and historical events discussed in the first lesson of a course on science, technology, and society. It discusses the four definitions of science and highlights several major scientific revolutions and the scientists behind them, including Copernicus, Darwin, and Freud. It also summarizes the development of science in different regions including Mesoamerica, Asia, the Middle East, Africa, and the contributions of civilizations like the Maya, Inca, Aztec, Indians, and Egyptians to areas like astronomy, mathematics, medicine, and more. Students are assigned discussion questions and an activity to create a timeline of major science discoveries and developments.
2
Age of Reason
Age of Reason
Natasha Pemberton
Columbia Southern University
Bodrogean, A. (2013). Enlightenment Ideas Reflected in the English Literature of the Time. The Scientific Journal of Humanistic Studies, 5(9), 64-65.
The Age of Enlightenment (or simply the Enlightenment or Age of Reason) was a cultural movement of intellectuals beginning in the late 17th and 18th century Europe emphasizing reason and individualism rather than tradition (Oxford Dictionaries, 2013). Its purpose was to reform society using reason, challenge ideas grounded in tradition and faith, and advance knowledge through the scientific method. It promoted scientific thought, skepticism, and intellectual interchange (Alan Charles Kors, 2003: 53). It opposed superstition and intolerance, with the Catholic Church as a favorite target. Some Enlightenment philosophers collaborated with enlightened despots, who were absolute rulers who tried out some of the new governmental ideas in practice. The ideas of the Enlightenment have had a long-term major impact on the culture, politics, and governments of the Western world.
Enlightenment - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.history.com/topics/enlightenment.
The period spanning from 1685 to 1815 is recognized as being the “Age of Reason”. Prior to the age of reason there were an abundance of myths that people believed to be true. Myths like the world is flat was a wide spread myth, but not supported by scientific fact. This important phase in western civilization paved the way for great thinkers whose discoveries are even prevalent today.
Gleiser, M. (2014, July 16). What The World Needs Now Is A New Enlightenment [Audio
podcast].
In this conversation Gleiser summarizes in his opinion the purpose of the Age of Reason. His claim is that “the core message of the Enlightenment was the need to create a global civilization with shared moral values. This overarching intellectual framework was far removed from traditional religious precepts. In fact, the Enlightenment declared war on the excesses of religion and blind nationalism.” He goes on to add that the global society is in need of a revisit to the age of reason to become better citizens.
Janiak, A. (2006, October 13). Newton's Philosophy. Retrieved November 12, 2014.
There were many great philosophers during this time span, and most of them studied the others work. The entire Age of Reason is a collection of the minds, but at times these individuals disagreed. “Newton's answer to Leibniz's idea that vortices cause the planetary orbits is that gravity itself causes them, and nothing else.” This example shows that not everyone was on the same page during this time period.
Newton, I., Motte, A., In Cajori, F., & In Crawford, R. T. (1934). Sir Isaac Newton's Mathematical principles of natural philosophy and his System of the world: Translated into English by Andrew Motte in 1729. Berkeley.
The document summarizes key aspects of culture in the Philippines, including the flag, languages, religions, costumes, foods, dances, music, and games. It notes that the Philippines has over 186 individual languages, with Filipino and English being most prominent. Christianity is the dominant religion, specifically Catholicism, and foods include lechon, adobo, and lumpia. Traditional dances include the tinikling dance. Music incorporates Asian, Spanish, Latin American, and American influences. Games include luksung baka and patintero.
The document summarizes the history and cultures of South Asia. It discusses how the Aryans introduced the caste system and Hinduism to the region. Major empires like the Maurya, Gupta, and Mughal shaped South Asia politically and culturally. The British later colonized the subcontinent, and India gained independence in 1947 through Gandhi's nonviolent movement, though partition along religious lines led to conflict. Today, South Asia is religiously and linguistically diverse, with Hinduism, Islam, and many other faiths and languages represented.
This document summarizes key provisions of Batas Pambansa Bilang 232, a Philippine law establishing an integrated education system. It outlines the law's declaration of basic policy and objectives to promote a complete education system and cultural communities' right to develop. It describes rights of parents, students, teachers and schools. It discusses duties of parents, students and teachers as well as school administrators' obligations. It also covers the education system's formal levels, specialized services, school establishment and organization, and financing assistance.
The delegates at the Constitutional Convention divided power between the national and state governments, and also separated the national government into three branches: the legislative, executive, and judicial branches. This created a system of separation of powers. To prevent any one branch from becoming too powerful, the founders established a system of checks and balances, allowing each branch to limit the powers of the others. For example, Congress checks the president through the power to override a veto or impeach, while the president checks Congress through the veto power and ability to call special sessions. This system aimed to prevent tyranny and protect individual liberties.
The document provides an overview of key developments in the early modern period including the globalization of Christianity, the scientific revolution, and their cultural impacts. It discusses how Christianity spread globally for the first time through missionary efforts and imperialism. The scientific revolution challenged religious authority and older worldviews, fostering new ways of thinking. Enlightenment thinkers applied the scientific approach to human affairs and society, advocating reason and progress. However, 19th century science later undermined some Enlightenment assumptions. European science was selectively adopted in Asia, influencing fields like medicine and cartography but not wholly transforming local traditions.
This document discusses Marxist views on religion and social change. It addresses how religion can both inhibit and encourage change, providing examples like liberation theology. Liberation theology emerged in Latin America in response to poverty and human rights abuses. While the Catholic Church condemned it, liberation theology resisted state terror and mobilized the poor. The document also examines millenarian movements, which promised immediate improvement for the poor, and cargo cults in Melanesia responding to colonial exploitation. Religion can be used to maintain social control but also challenge the status quo through alternative visions or clergy supporting workers' organizations. Case studies show how religious leadership, organization, and support influenced levels of class conflict and militancy.
This document discusses social institutions and defines them as structured social groups that govern members' behavior and promote social order and cooperation. It examines the key characteristics and functions of institutions, including simplifying social behavior, providing social roles and relations, coordinating stability, and controlling behavior. The major social institutions discussed are the family, education, religion, economic institutions, and government. For each institution, the document outlines their defining features, roles, and how they socialize groups.
Religion plays complex and varied roles in society according to different sociological perspectives. Functionalists view religion as primarily serving conservative functions by promoting social solidarity and stability. However, Marxists see religion as an ideological tool used by the ruling class to legitimate inequality. Feminists argue that most religions reflect and reinforce patriarchal values and the subordination of women. Some sociologists such as Weber view religion as capable of driving social change, while others see it more as a conservative force seeking to maintain traditional beliefs and social structures. Debates also exist around secularization and the declining importance of religion in modern societies.
The Age of Enlightenment Essay
Essay on The Enlightenment
Essay about European Enlightenment
Essay on The Enlightenment
Enlightenment Argument
Essay On Enlightenment
Thinkers of the Enlightenment Essay
The Enlightenment Essay
Impact Of The Enlightenment
The document discusses the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment. It provides learning outcomes about key figures from these periods like Copernicus, Galileo, Bacon, Newton, Hobbes, Locke, Voltaire, Montesquieu, and Rousseau. It also discusses the shift from the "old science" perspective relying on authorities to the "new science" perspective using observation and experimentation. Finally, it describes how Enlightenment ideas spread through Europe and influenced governments, arts, and the founding of the United States.
The document discusses the rise of new religious movements in America from the 1960s onward. It attributes their growth to factors like disenchantment with mainstream religion, disillusionment with science and technology, and a desire for personal spirituality. Many new religious movements offered alternative beliefs and practices that were experiential, therapeutic, or promised to answer existential questions. The document provides examples of some prominent new religious movements like Scientology, the Hare Krishna movement, and movements that revised older religions like Neo-Paganism.
The document provides background on the origins and development of the social sciences. It discusses how the social sciences emerged later than the natural sciences and were originally based on social and political philosophy. The key developments that allowed the social sciences to grow included the scientific revolution, secularization of learning through events like the Protestant Reformation and Enlightenment, the rise of universities, and the dissolution of feudal social relations with the growth of commerce. These changes helped establish science as the dominant way of understanding the world and nature.
The document summarizes the historical origins and development of the social sciences. It discusses how the social sciences emerged later than the natural sciences, tracing origins to ancient Greek philosophers but only developing as separate fields in the modern period. Key events that enabled this included the scientific revolution undermining religious authority, the secularization of education through universities, and the dissolution of feudal social relations with the rise of commerce. The document presents the social sciences as building upon these historical transformations to establish empirical, evidence-based approaches to studying society, culture and politics.
The philosophical foundations of educationLo-Ann Placido
The document outlines several philosophies that influenced education during the Renaissance period and modern times, including:
1. During the Renaissance, movements like Humanism, the Reformation, and Counter-Reformation shaped educational approaches, while Realism, Rationalism, and Nationalism influenced curriculum.
2. In modern times, philosophies like Idealism, Progressivism, and Existentialism defined different views on knowledge and the role of the teacher.
3. Additional philosophies discussed are Essentialism, which emphasizes teaching essential cultural ideas and skills, and Developmentalism, a child-centered view of education as natural growth.
This document provides an overview of session 7 of the course "Justice & Power" which focuses on Montesquieu. It discusses the Enlightenment period following Newton's Principia and the Scientific Revolution. During this time, new attention was paid to applying scientific theories to increase wealth, comfort and happiness. The document also examines Montesquieu's education and career, and his influential work "De l'esprit des lois" published in 1748. It provides context on the spread of Enlightenment ideas in Europe and their influence on the founding of America. Key figures discussed include Montesquieu, Rousseau, Jefferson and Burke.
The document provides an overview of the Enlightenment, including that it was an intellectual movement where thinkers used reason and science rather than religion to understand the world. It took place from the late 17th century through the 18th century, starting in Britain and spreading to France and the Americas. Before the Enlightenment, most of Europe was ruled by absolute monarchs and religious authorities, while the Enlightenment encouraged changes in government, society, and economic structures and influenced revolutions through the ideas of influential philosophers.
The Enlightenment was a period in the 18th century where new ideas focused on logic and reason spread across Europe. Thinkers like Locke and Montesquieu challenged absolute monarchy and inequality, and advocated for natural rights and separation of powers. Enlightenment ideals emphasized using science and philosophy to improve life through advances like vaccines.
The Enlightenment shifted attention from religious to secular questions by seeking answers even to religious questions in secular terms. This vastly expanded the sphere of the secular, making it the primary frame of reference for more educated people. The Enlightenment built on the gradual sixteenth- and seventeenth-century process of secularizing art, music, science, politics, and concepts of space and time, and promoted secularization as an international intellectual movement. Attachment to the here-and-now world without constant reference to God became more common and drove innovative thinking about society, government, and the economy.
This document outlines the key concepts and historical events discussed in the first lesson of a course on science, technology, and society. It discusses the four definitions of science and highlights several major scientific revolutions and the scientists behind them, including Copernicus, Darwin, and Freud. It also summarizes the development of science in different regions including Mesoamerica, Asia, the Middle East, Africa, and the contributions of civilizations like the Maya, Inca, Aztec, Indians, and Egyptians to areas like astronomy, mathematics, medicine, and more. Students are assigned discussion questions and an activity to create a timeline of major science discoveries and developments.
2
Age of Reason
Age of Reason
Natasha Pemberton
Columbia Southern University
Bodrogean, A. (2013). Enlightenment Ideas Reflected in the English Literature of the Time. The Scientific Journal of Humanistic Studies, 5(9), 64-65.
The Age of Enlightenment (or simply the Enlightenment or Age of Reason) was a cultural movement of intellectuals beginning in the late 17th and 18th century Europe emphasizing reason and individualism rather than tradition (Oxford Dictionaries, 2013). Its purpose was to reform society using reason, challenge ideas grounded in tradition and faith, and advance knowledge through the scientific method. It promoted scientific thought, skepticism, and intellectual interchange (Alan Charles Kors, 2003: 53). It opposed superstition and intolerance, with the Catholic Church as a favorite target. Some Enlightenment philosophers collaborated with enlightened despots, who were absolute rulers who tried out some of the new governmental ideas in practice. The ideas of the Enlightenment have had a long-term major impact on the culture, politics, and governments of the Western world.
Enlightenment - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.history.com/topics/enlightenment.
The period spanning from 1685 to 1815 is recognized as being the “Age of Reason”. Prior to the age of reason there were an abundance of myths that people believed to be true. Myths like the world is flat was a wide spread myth, but not supported by scientific fact. This important phase in western civilization paved the way for great thinkers whose discoveries are even prevalent today.
Gleiser, M. (2014, July 16). What The World Needs Now Is A New Enlightenment [Audio
podcast].
In this conversation Gleiser summarizes in his opinion the purpose of the Age of Reason. His claim is that “the core message of the Enlightenment was the need to create a global civilization with shared moral values. This overarching intellectual framework was far removed from traditional religious precepts. In fact, the Enlightenment declared war on the excesses of religion and blind nationalism.” He goes on to add that the global society is in need of a revisit to the age of reason to become better citizens.
Janiak, A. (2006, October 13). Newton's Philosophy. Retrieved November 12, 2014.
There were many great philosophers during this time span, and most of them studied the others work. The entire Age of Reason is a collection of the minds, but at times these individuals disagreed. “Newton's answer to Leibniz's idea that vortices cause the planetary orbits is that gravity itself causes them, and nothing else.” This example shows that not everyone was on the same page during this time period.
Newton, I., Motte, A., In Cajori, F., & In Crawford, R. T. (1934). Sir Isaac Newton's Mathematical principles of natural philosophy and his System of the world: Translated into English by Andrew Motte in 1729. Berkeley.
There were 3 Renaissances so far and the 4th Industrial Revolution(4IR) represents the 4th Renaissance. Explaining why it is imporatnt to the whole world, as this Renaissance will have an as great or even greater impact as the last one.
René Descartes was a 17th century French philosopher and scientist who made significant contributions to philosophy and science. Some of his key contributions included establishing the foundations of modern philosophy through his emphasis on rationalism and skepticism. He is renowned for his statement "I think, therefore I am", which reflects his view that the only indubitable knowledge is one's own existence as a thinking being. His views on mind-body dualism and his development of the scientific method also had profound impacts on philosophy and science.
John Locke was an influential 17th century English philosopher whose empiricist views challenged rationalist thinkers like Descartes. He argued that the human mind is a blank slate at birth and that knowledge comes from experience and sensory
The document discusses the key ideas and origins of the Enlightenment period in Europe. It notes that during this era, many scholars began challenging long-held beliefs about science, religion, and government using reason and logic rather than religious teachings. Major influences on Enlightenment thinking included the Scientific Revolution, voyages of discovery, and changes in Europe. French philosophers like Voltaire and Diderot helped popularize Enlightenment ideas through their writings, with Diderot editing the influential Encyclopedia. While not viewing women as equals, salons provided a place for the exchange of ideas, and some thinkers like Mary Wollstonecraft argued for greater women's rights. British writers including Adam Smith also contributed new economic theories.
217th – 18th Century Enlightenment1Sharamane Jackson O.docxeugeniadean34240
2
17th – 18th Century Enlightenment 1
Sharamane Jackson
Outline
17th – 18th Century Enlightenment
Introduction – In the 17th Century in England the Enlightenment movement began to become an influence all over the world. During the Enlightenment era scientific and intellectual revolutions evolved. The thinkers of this era believed that change and reason were both possible and desirable for the human liberty. Philosophes provided ideas that viewed the social and political. Through the different philosophies and intellectuals of the era, it grows evident that individuals addressed religious and social issues by criticizing the current nature of the state, suggesting more effective methods, and by applauding certain other figures worthy of admiration.
I. Philosophies
A. John Locke
1. Man’s Nature
2. Environment
3. Human Knowledge
B. Baron de Montesquieu
1. Spirit of Laws
2. British Gov.
3. Separation of powers
4. Checks and balances
C. Rousseau
1. Father of Romanticism
2. General Will
3. Rejected science and reason
4. The social contract
II. Religion
A. Theologians
1. Reform faith
2. Religious controversy
3. Warfare
B. Protestant Reformation
1. New Science
2. New Philosophy
3. Protestant Reformers
C. Renaissance Humanists
1. Catholics
2. Thinkers
3. God-Worshippers
III. Social
A. Habermas
1. Common Concern
2. Bourgeois Public Sphere
3. The rise of capitalism
B. Socio-Economic control
1. Hierarchical
2. Monarchy/Nobility
3. Catholic Church
C. Economic System
1. Economic structure change
2. Hegemonies
3. Monarchies weaken
Conclusion – The Enlightenment impacted art, religion, and politics with also identifying the ideas of John Locke, Baron de Montesquieu, Voltaire, Rousseau, and Thomas Hobbes. Enlightenment represents beliefs changing over time but the values remain the same.
Sharamane Jackson
Sharamane Jackson
Proposal-Outline
Professor Loretta Nyhan (03/09/2014)
Proposal-Outline
HUMN 303
A. Enlightment
Explain your course project in a brief, clear paragraph that tells:
(1) Explain what the Enlightenment was; discuss how the ideas of the Enlightenment influenced people to create more democratic governments. Also, identify the ideas of John Locke, Baron de Montesquieu, Voltaire, Rousseau, and Thomas Hobbes.
(2) This topic interests me because it’s about oneself and intellectual capacities in determining what to believe and how to act.
(3) How does this topic link strongly to the Humanities?
This topic links strongly to Humanities because during the Enlightenment the age in which humanism reached its fully developed from.
B. THESIS
1. Through the different philosophies and intellectuals of the era, it grows evident that individuals addressed religious and social issues by criticizing the current nature of the state, suggesting mo.
The document discusses classical frameworks for understanding society and how ideas have evolved over time. It examines perspectives from figures like Vitruvius, Darwin, and others on topics like human evolution, proportions, and the development of social theories. The key frameworks discussed are:
1) Classical theories providing foundations for understanding society through lenses like nature and culture.
2) Ideas from Vitruvius and da Vinci on ideal human proportions and their influence on architecture.
3) Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection and its revolutionary impact on understanding life's development.
The document discusses the Age of Enlightenment, which was a period in the 18th century when reason and individualism dominated philosophy and art. Key figures like Locke, Newton, and Kant promoted using observation and logic to understand the world rather than relying on religious authorities. This led to new styles like Rococo art emphasizing personal experience over church dogma. Neoclassicism eventually replaced Rococo, taking inspiration from ancient Greek and Roman art which was seen as the pinnacle of reason and order. The document analyzes how the philosophies of the Enlightenment influenced artistic styles and thinking during this pivotal time of change.
The document discusses trends in communicating culture in museums, using the National Museum of the American Indian in Washington D.C. as a case study. When designing the museum, native leaders wanted it to tell the truth. The architects incorporated native sensibilities and traditions throughout the building. The museum's architecture corresponds to the elders' ideals of representing culture internally and externally. The website and exhibitions mirror the architectural ambitions of representing culture.
The document outlines topics related to the Cold War including key terms, leaders, events, military conflicts, and ideological differences between the US and USSR. It includes sections on the early Cold War period, arms race, spread of communism in China and other regions, as well as crises like the Cuban Missile Crisis and conflicts in Korea and Vietnam. The document aims to provide an overview of the major elements of the extended geopolitical and military standoff between the US and Soviet Union known as the Cold War.
The document provides key dates and events relating to US-Japanese relations prior to WWII. It outlines Japan's increasing imperialism in Manchuria in 1931 and China in 1937, and the US's neutral or non-confrontational responses. This included approving the Kellogg-Briand Pact outlawing war in 1929 but doing nothing in response to Japan's invasion of Manchuria in 1931. The document establishes the timeline of deteriorating relations between the two countries in the lead up to WWII.
The document summarizes key events and developments during World War 1 between 1915-1918, including:
1) The Gallipoli Campaign aimed to establish a supply line to Russia.
2) The US entered the war due to Germany's unrestricted submarine warfare and their intercepting of the Zimmerman Note.
3) Russia's Czar government collapsed due to war shortages and the Russian Revolution.
4) Germany and Russia signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk in 1918, with Russia surrendering territory.
5) The Second Battle of the Marne in 1918 was a major Allied victory that started their momentum to win the war.
6) The final defeat of the
The document discusses 5 new weapons introduced during World War 1 including the machine gun, airplane, submarine, poison gas, and tank. For each weapon it provides the country of origin, a brief description, and how it changed the way war was fought. The weapons had a significant impact and led to major advances in warfare.
Wilson aimed for a just peace through self-determination and a League of Nations, while France and Britain prioritized security and punishing Germany. The resulting Treaty of Versailles severely punished Germany, reorganized borders, and included the League, but failed to achieve lasting peace due to bitterness over its terms. The US rejection further weakened the League.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
1. Page 1 Name:
Date:
Period:
Assignment:
ENLIGHTENMENT QUESTIONS
7. Philosophers use ideas of the Scientific Revolution during the
Enlightenment. What idea did they use? Why? (p. 54-55)
Answer to #1
2. Name two items that helped spread the ideas of Enlightenment.
Explain how they helped to spread ideas. (p. 55-57)
ITEM HOW IT HELPED SPREAD IDEAS
Answers For This Chart
2. 3. Complete this Venn Diagram comparing the Page 1 Continued…
RENAISSANCE AND ENLIGHTENMENT ART. (p. 61)
Answers To Venn Diagram
4. What changes occurred regarding the relationship between ruler and state? (p.56-57)
Answer To Question 4
5. Name and EXPLAIN 3 long-term effects the Enlightenment thinking had on Western
Civilization. (p.58, 60-61, 65)
Answer To Question 5
3. Page 2
MORE ENLIGHTENMENT QUESTIONS
• How does the attitude towards children
change during this period? (Ask Mr. P about
Postman’s Disappearance of Childhood)
Answer To Question 1
2. What new styles of writing and forms of
literature were developed? (p. 61-63)
Answer To Question 2
3. Who was that Voltaire guy? What did he
contribute to the Enlightenment? (p. 56)
Answer To Question 3
4. 1. Philosophers use ideas of the Scientific Revolution
during the Enlightenment. What idea did they use?
Why? (p. 54-55)
5. 1. Philosophers use ideas of the Scientific Revolution
during the Enlightenment. What ideas did they use?
Why? (p. 54-55)
a) A Scientific Revolution idea used was the scientific method.
Back To Page 1
6. 1. Philosophers use ideas of the Scientific Revolution
during the Enlightenment. What ideas did they use?
Why? (p. 54-55)
a) A Scientific Revolution idea used was the scientific method.
b) Scientific method was used on issues related to society such as…
religion, government, economics and education.
Back To Page 1
7. 1. Philosophers use ideas of the Scientific Revolution
during the Enlightenment. What ideas did they use?
Why? (p. 54-55)
a) A Scientific Revolution idea used was the scientific method.
b) Scientific method was used on issues related to society such as…
religion, government, economics and education.
c) Philosophers also used natural law, the idea that “rules are
discovered by reason” (like gravity and magnetism)
Back To Page 1
8. 1. Philosophers use ideas of the Scientific Revolution
during the Enlightenment. What ideas did they use?
Why? (p. 54-55)
a) A Scientific Revolution idea used was the scientific method.
b) Scientific method was used on issues related to society such as…
religion, government, economics and education.
c) Philosophers also used natural law, the idea that “rules are
discovered by reason” (like gravity and magnetism)
d) Natural law was used to study human behavior and fix
society’s problems
Back To Page 1
9. 2. Name two items that helped spread the ideas of
Enlightenment. Explain how they helped to spread
ideas. (p. 57)
ITEM HOW IT HELPED SPREAD IDEAS
10. 2. Name two items that helped spread the ideas of Enlightenment.
Explain how they helped to spread ideas. (p. 55-57)
ITEM HOW IT HELPED SPREAD IDEAS
Encyclopedi
a
Today is like…?
Today is like…?
Back To Page 1
11. 2. Name two items that helped spread the ideas of Enlightenment.
Explain how they helped to spread ideas. (p. 55-57)
ITEM HOW IT HELPED SPREAD IDEAS
Encyclopedi
a
Today is like…?
Salons
Today is like…?
Back To Page 1
12. 2. Name two items that helped spread the ideas of Enlightenment.
Explain how they helped to spread ideas. (p. 55-57)
ITEM HOW IT HELPED SPREAD IDEAS
Encyclopedi a) explains philosophies, government, and
religion through 28 volumes of books
a
Today is like…?
Salons
Today is like…?
Back To Page 1
13. 2. Name two items that helped spread the ideas of Enlightenment.
Explain how they helped to spread ideas. (p. 55-57)
ITEM HOW IT HELPED SPREAD IDEAS
Encyclopedi a) explains philosophies, government, and
religion through 28 volumes of books
a
b) Included ideas of Montesquieu and Voltaire
Today is like…?
Salons
Today is like…?
Back To Page 1
14. 2. Name two items that helped spread the ideas of Enlightenment.
Explain how they helped to spread ideas. (p. 55-57)
ITEM HOW IT HELPED SPREAD IDEAS
Encyclopedi a) explains philosophies, government, and
religion through 28 volumes of books
a
b) Included ideas of Montesquieu and Voltaire
Today is like…? c) Criticized slavery, advocated freedom of
expression, and encouraged education
Salons
Today is like…?
Back To Page 1
15. 2. Name two items that helped spread the ideas of Enlightenment.
Explain how they helped to spread ideas. (p. 55-57)
ITEM HOW IT HELPED SPREAD IDEAS
Encyclopedi a) explains philosophies, government, and
religion through 28 volumes of books
a
b) Included ideas of Montesquieu and Voltaire
Today is like…? c) Criticized slavery, advocated freedom of
expression, and encouraged education
a) Meeting places in Paris where writers, artists,
Salons philosophes, scientists, poets, musicians and
travelers shared ideas at these social gatherings
Today is like…?
Back To Page 1
16. 2. Name two items that helped spread the ideas of Enlightenment.
Explain how they helped to spread ideas. (p. 55-57)
ITEM HOW IT HELPED SPREAD IDEAS
Encyclopedi a) explains philosophies, government, and
religion through 28 volumes of books
a
b) Included ideas of Montesquieu and Voltaire
Today is like…? c) Criticized slavery, advocated freedom of
expression, and encouraged education
a) Meeting places in Paris where writers, artists,
Salons philosophes, scientists, poets, musicians and
travelers shared ideas at these social gatherings
b) Social classes mixed (i.e. the middle class and
Today is like…? nobility) to discuss Enlightenment thoughts
Back To Page 1
17. 2. Name two items that helped spread the ideas of Enlightenment.
Explain how they helped to spread ideas. (p. 55-57)
ITEM HOW IT HELPED SPREAD IDEAS
Encyclopedi a) explains philosophies, government, and
religion through 28 volumes of books
a
b) Included ideas of Montesquieu and Voltaire
Today is like…? c) Criticized slavery, advocated freedom of
expression, and encouraged education
a) Meeting places in Paris where writers, artists,
Salons philosophes, scientists, poets, musicians and
travelers shared ideas at these social gatherings
b) Social classes mixed (i.e. the middle class and
Today is like…? nobility) to discuss Enlightenment thoughts
Back To Page 1
18. 2. Name two items that helped spread the ideas of Enlightenment.
Explain how they helped to spread ideas. (p. 55-57)
ITEM HOW IT HELPED SPREAD IDEAS
Encyclopedi a) explains philosophies, government, and
religion through 28 volumes of books
a
b) Included ideas of Montesquieu and Voltaire
Same idea as c) Criticized slavery, advocated freedom of
Wikipedia
expression, and encouraged education
a) Meeting places in Paris where writers, artists,
Salons philosophes, scientists, poets, musicians and
travelers shared ideas at these social gatherings
b) Social classes mixed (i.e. the middle class and
nobility) to discuss Enlightenment thoughts
Back To Page 1
19. 2. Name two items that helped spread the ideas of Enlightenment.
Explain how they helped to spread ideas. (p. 55-57)
ITEM HOW IT HELPED SPREAD IDEAS
Encyclopedi a) explains philosophies, government, and
religion through 28 volumes of books
a
b) Included ideas of Montesquieu and Voltaire
Same idea as c) Criticized slavery, advocated freedom of
Wikipedia
expression, and encouraged education
A) Meeting places in Paris where writers, artists,
Salons philosophes, scientists, poets, musicians and
Same idea as travelers shared ideas at these social gatherings
Coffeehauses or
Reading Wednesday
b) Social classes mixed (i.e. the middle class and
nobility) to discuss Enlightenment thoughts
Back To Page 1
20. 3. Complete this Venn Diagram comparing the
RENAISSANCE AND ENLIGHTENMENT ART. (p. 61)
21. 3. Complete this Venn Diagram comparing the RENAISSANCE AND
ENLIGHTENMENT ART. (p. 61)
RENAISSANCE ENLIGHTENMENT
•Rococo Art Style
22. 3. Complete this Venn Diagram comparing the RENAISSANCE AND
ENLIGHTENMENT ART. (p. 61)
RENAISSANCE ENLIGHTENMENT
•Rococo Art Style
•Baroque Art Style
23. 3. Complete this Venn Diagram comparing the RENAISSANCE AND
ENLIGHTENMENT ART. (p. 61)
RENAISSANCE ENLIGHTENMENT
•Rococo Art Style
•Religious Paintings
•Baroque Art Style
24. 3. Complete this Venn Diagram comparing the RENAISSANCE AND
ENLIGHTENMENT ART. (p. 61)
RENAISSANCE ENLIGHTENMENT
•Baroque Art Style
a) large, colorful and full of
•Religious Paintings excitement
Italy (mostly)
• European figures b) Glorified Battles & Saints
Religious focus
Non-realism (much of…)
• European art
• large, colorful, full of excitement • Rococo Art Style
• Glorified Saints b) Non- religion
c) Lighter, elegant
• Glorified Battles and charming
. d) More pastel colors
25. 4. What changes occurred regarding the
relationship between ruler and state? (pg. 63-65)
26. 4. What changes occurred regarding the
relationship between ruler and state? (pg.63-65)
• Shift from people serving state & ruler to…
• The ruler and state serving the people.
• Fredrick the Great of Prussia said,
“I am the first servant of the state.”
d) Catherine the Great of Mother Russia
- Reduce torture & allow free press, religion, criticized serfdom
e) Joseph II of Austria liked enlightenment ideas (Mother’s influence)
a) - Dressed in disguise to learn peasant problems
b) religious equality for Jews & Protestants in his Catholic Empire
c) Sold church land that were not involved with education or helping the sick
d) Abolished serfdom
MOST REFORMS WERE OVER TURNED AFTER THE LEADERS DEATH.
Do good reforms last? Which are being taken from you today?
Back To Page 1 continued
27. 5. Name and EXPLAIN 3 long-term effects the Enlightenment
thinking had on Western Civilization.(p. 58, 60-61)
28. 5. Name and EXPLAIN 3 long-term effects the Enlightenment
thinking had on Western Civilization.(p. 58, 60-61)
BOOK SAYS:
a)
b)
c)
MR P SAYS:
1)
2)
3
Back To Page 1 continued
29. 5. Name and EXPLAIN 3 long-term effects the Enlightenment
thinking had on Western Civilization.(p. 58, 60-61)
BOOK SAYS:
a) Adam Smith introduced capitalism
b)
c)
MR P SAYS:
1)
2)
3
Back To Page 1 continued
30. 5. Name and EXPLAIN 3 long-term effects the Enlightenment
thinking had on Western Civilization.(p. 58, 60-61)
BOOK SAYS:
a) Adam Smith introduced capitalism
b) Laissez-faire replaced mercantilism
c)
MR P SAYS:
1)
2)
3
Back To Page 1 continued
31. 5. Name and EXPLAIN 3 long-term effects the Enlightenment
thinking had on Western Civilization.(p. 58, 60-61)
BOOK SAYS:
a) Adam Smith introduced capitalism
b) Laissez-faire replaced mercantilism
c) Enlightenment thinkers showed that divine right and strict class rule
were illogical. Social reform was deemed necessary.
MR P SAYS:
1)
2)
3
Back To Page 1 continued
32. 5. Name and EXPLAIN 3 long-term effects the Enlightenment
thinking had on Western Civilization.(p. 58, 60-61)
BOOK SAYS:
a) Adam Smith introduced capitalism
b) Laissez-faire replaced mercantilism
c) Enlightenment thinkers showed that divine right and strict class rule
were illogical. Social reform was deemed necessary.
MR P SAYS:
• Belief in Progress –
2)
3
Back To Page 1 continued
33. 5. Name and EXPLAIN 3 long-term effects the Enlightenment
thinking had on Western Civilization.(p. 58, 60-61)
BOOK SAYS:
a) Adam Smith introduced capitalism
b) Laissez-faire replaced mercantilism
c) Enlightenment thinkers showed that divine right and strict class rule
were illogical. Social reform was deemed necessary.
MR P SAYS:
• Belief in Progress –
2) A More Secular Outlook:
3
Back To Page 1 continued
34. 5. Name and EXPLAIN 3 long-term effects the Enlightenment
thinking had on Western Civilization.(p. 58, 60-61)
BOOK SAYS:
a) Adam Smith introduced capitalism
b) Laissez-faire replaced mercantilism
c) Enlightenment thinkers showed that divine right and strict class rule
were illogical. Social reform was deemed necessary.
MR P SAYS:
• Belief in Progress –
2) A More Secular Outlook:
3 Importance of the Individual:
Back To Page 1 continued
35. 5. Name and EXPLAIN 3 long-term effects the Enlightenment
thinking had on Western Civilization.(p. 58, 60-61)
BOOK SAYS:
a) Adam Smith introduced capitalism
b) Laissez-faire replaced mercantilism
c) Enlightenment thinkers showed that divine right and strict class rule
were illogical. Social reform was deemed necessary.
MR P SAYS:
1) Belief in Progress – philosophers believed through reason
there could be a better society
• A More Secular Outlook:
3 Importance of the Individual:
Back To Page 1 continued
36. 5. Name and EXPLAIN 3 long-term effects the Enlightenment
thinking had on Western Civilization.(p. 58, 60-61)
BOOK SAYS:
a) Adam Smith introduced capitalism
b) Laissez-faire replaced mercantilism
c) Enlightenment thinkers showed that divine right and strict class rule
were illogical. Social reform was deemed necessary.
MR P SAYS:
1) Belief in Progress – philosophers believed through reason
there could be a better society
2) A More Secular Outlook: To have a more open and worldly
view of life based on logic and reason. Not a religious
outlook on life.
3) Importance of the Individual:
Back To Page 1 continued
37. 5. Name and EXPLAIN 3 long-term effects the Enlightenment
thinking had on Western Civilization.(p. 58, 60-61)
BOOK SAYS:
a) Adam Smith introduced capitalism
b) Laissez-faire replaced mercantilism
c) Enlightenment thinkers showed that divine right and strict class rule
were illogical. Social reform was deemed necessary.
MR P SAYS:
1) Belief in Progress – philosophers believed through reason
there could be a better society
2) A More Secular Outlook: To have a more open and worldly
view of life based on logic and reason. Not a religious
outlook on life.
3) Importance of the Individual: People started to
look to themselves for guidance NOT the church or
royalty. People should use their OWN judgment to
determine what is right and what is wrong.
Back To Page 1 continued
38. • How does the attitude towards
children change during this period?
(Ask about Postman’s Disappearance of Childhood)
Back To Page 2
39. 2. What new styles of writing and forms of
literature were developed? (p. 63)
40. 2. What new styles of writing and forms of
literature were developed? (p. 63)
BOOK SAYS
b) The middle class audience liked stories in vernacular
(straightforward, everyday language).
b) Long prose gained popularity
c) Famous literary works include Robinson Crusoe and Pamela
MR P SAYS:
f) Novel – Lengthy works of fiction
g) Plots – carefully planned
h) Suspense –
i) Climax
j) Explored characters thoughts and feelings
Back To Page 2
41. 3. Who was that Voltaire guy? What did he
contribute to the Enlightenment? (p. 56)
42. 3. Who was that Voltaire guy? What did he
contribute to the Enlightenment? (p. 56)
BOOK SAYS:
a) Perhaps most prominent philosophe and writer of the Enlightenment
b) He exposed government corruption, inequality, and prejudice (such as
slavery and religious persecution) through his writings
c) His work was controversial—he was kicked out of France and his
books were destroyed
MR P SAYS: Read Candide by Voltaire – One of Mr. P’s favorite books
• Voltaire stood for or promoted tolerance, reason, freedom of
religion, freedom of speech and freedom of media
• Voltaire Quotes: “I disapprove of what you say, but I will
defend to the death your right to say it.”
“Behind every great fortune lies a great crime.”
Back To Page 2