Reliability of the Instruments
Reliability of research instrument is the extent to which the instruments produce or yields consistent results when repeatedly
administered. The researcher used Cronbach's alpha since it is the most commonly accepted measures of reliability. It measures the
internal consistency of the items in a scale. It indicates that the extent to which the items in a questionnaire are related to each other. It
also indicates that whether a scale is one dimensional or multidimensional. The normal range of Cronbach’s coefficient alpha value
ranges between 0-1 and the higher values reflects a higher degree of internal consistency.
Here the researcher mainly used reliability test and inter item correlation. Thus to test reliability the researcher used Cronbach's alpha
since it is the most commonly accepted measures of reliability. It measures the internal consistency of the items in a scale. It indicates
that the extent to which the items in a questionnaire are related to each other. It also indicates that whether a scale is one dimensional
or multidimensional. The normal range of Cronbach’s coefficient alpha value ranges between 0-1 and the higher values reflects a
higher degree of internal consistency. Beside to this inter item correlation has been checked to see interaction between items.
Different authors accept different values of this test in order to achieve internal reliability, but the most commonly accepted value is
0.70 as it should be equal to or higher than to reach internal reliability.
Table 1: Reliability statistics
N
o
Constructs No items
proposed
No of
items
dropped
No items
retained
Cronbach'
s Alpha
Inter item
correlatio
n
1 Early identification of disability 19 4 15 .730 .291
2 Designing teaching-learning process 13 0 13 .763 .356
3 Teaching methodology used 19 1 18 .741 .301
4 Assessing and monitoring 19 3 16 .649 .279
5 Teaching-learning resources 19 0 19 .724 .511
6 Motivation Strategies 19 1 18 .789 .311
7 Ways of involving parents 19 2 17 .641 .297
Average 127 11 116 .719
As it can be seen from the table above indicate early identification of disable students began with 19 items, of which 4 were dropped
because their correlated inter- item correlation was .291 which is below the cut point 0.35 as a result, cronbach alpha for early
identification of disability was 0.730. Designing teaching-learning process began with 13 items, of which no item was dropped
because their correlated inter- item correlation was .356 which is above the cut point 0.35 as a result, cronbach alpha for designing
teaching-learning process was 0.763. Regarding teaching methodology used began with 19 items, of which 1 item was dropped
because their correlated inter- item correlation was .301 which is below the cut point 0.35 as a result, cronbach alpha for teaching
methodology used was 0.741.
Assessing and monitoring began with 19 items, of which 3 items were dropped because their correlated inter- item correlation
was .279 which is below the cut point 0.35 as a result, cronbach alpha for assessing and monitoring was 0.649. Regarding teaching-
learning resources used began with 19 items, of which no item was dropped because their correlated inter- item correlation was .511
which is above the cut point 0.35 as a result, cronbach alpha for teaching methodology used was 0.724. Regarding motivation
strategies used began with 19 items, of which 1 item was dropped because their correlated inter- item correlation was .311 which is
below the cut point 0.35 as a result, cronbach alpha for teaching methodology used was 0.789.
Also, ways of involving parents has begun with 19 items of which 2 were dropped because their correlated inter- item correlation were
.297 which is below the cut point 0.35 as a result, cronbach alpha for ways of involving parents was0. 641.Totally, for seven fields,
values of Cronbach's Alpha ranged from 0.641 to 0.789. This range is considered between moderate to high reliability of each field of
the questionnaire. Thus, total cronbach's Alpha of questionnaire equals to 0.719 for the average for entire questionnaire. This range is
considered as high reliability of the entire questionnaire. Therefore, based on the test, the results for the items are reliable and
acceptable.
A.
Reliability Statistics
Cronbach's
Alpha N of Items
.663 8
Item-Total Statistics
Scale Mean if
Item Deleted
Scale Variance if
Item Deleted
Corrected Item-
Total Correlation
Cronbach's
Alpha if Item
Deleted
Sex 19.2674 22.910 -.055 .689
Age 18.4225 18.631 .260 .660
Your educ_status 17.2781 17.863 .619 .585
Your father's educ_status 17.9973 14.158 .685 .524
Your mother's educ_status 18.2914 15.446 .657 .546
Your father's monthly income 18.3824 18.253 .327 .640
Your mother's monthly
income
19.0000 18.547 .349 .634
Unemployment time 17.9492 21.078 .025 .720
Inter-Item Correlation Matrix
Sex Age Your educ_status
Your father's
educ_status
Your mother's
educ_status
Your father's
monthly income
Your mother's
monthly income
Unemployment
time
Sex 1.000 -.390 -.090 .090 .308 .060 .026 -.236
Age -.390 1.000 .437 .284 .215 -.198 -.086 .514
Your educ_status -.090 .437 1.000 .499 .464 .323 .403 .084
Your father's educ_status .090 .284 .499 1.000 .655 .599 .234 .048
Your mother's educ_status .308 .215 .464 .655 1.000 .359 .501 -.032
Your father's monthly income .060 -.198 .323 .599 .359 1.000 .460 -.299
Your mother's monthly income .026 -.086 .403 .234 .501 .460 1.000 -.143
Unemployment time -.236 .514 .084 .048 -.032 -.299 -.143 1.000
B.
Reliability Statistics
Cronbach's
Alpha
Cronbach's
Alpha Based on
Standardized
Items N of Items
.283 .322 10
1.000 .481 -.046 .366 .149 .696 .201 -.184 -.470 -.274
.481 1.000 .164 .341 .041 .290 .211 -.098 -.114 -.245
-.046 .164 1.000 .106 .187 -.152 -.120 .126 .473 .556
.366 .341 .106 1.000 .012 .217 .127 -.194 -.250 -.191
.149 .041 .187 .012 1.000 .068 -.425 -.152 .127 .156
.696 .290 -.152 .217 .068 1.000 .186 -.072 -.553 -.344
.201 .211 -.120 .127 -.425 .186 1.000 .184 -.436 -.252
-.184 -.098 .126 -.194 -.152 -.072 .184 1.000 .226 .177
-.470 -.114 .473 -.250 .127 -.553 -.436 .226 1.000 .744
-.274 -.245 .556 -.191 .156 -.344 -.252 .177 .744 1.000
C.
Reliability Statistics
Cronbach's
Alpha
Cronbach's
Alpha Based on
Standardized
Items N of Items
.678 .699 5
Inter-Item Correlation Matrix
in most ways my
life is close to my
ideal
the conditions of
my life are
excellent
i am satisfied
with my life
so far i have
gotten the
important things i
want in life
if I could live
my life over, I
would change
almost
nothing
in most ways my life is close
to my ideal
1.000 .575 .579 .575 -.061
the conditions of my life are
excellent
.575 1.000 .708 .604 .022
i am satisfied with my life .579 .708 1.000 .694 -.282
so far i have gotten the
important things i want in life
.575 .604 .694 1.000 -.237
if I could live my life over, I
would change almost nothing
-.061 .022 -.282 -.237 1.000
D.
Reliability Statistics
Cronbach's
Alpha
Cronbach's
Alpha Based on
Standardized
Items N of Items
.671 .669 10
do you spend
a lot of time
thinking about
a drug(s)?
do you
use
drugs
other
than for
medical
reasons
?
can you
get
through a
week
without
misusing
drugs?
do friends
or
relatives
sense or
mention
that you
have a
drug
problem?
has drug
misuse
ever
created a
problem
between
you and
friends or
relatives?
do you
ever feel
bad or
guilty
about
your drug
use?
have you
lost a job
because
of drug
abuse?
do you
get angry
at people
who try to
keep you
from
getting
the drugs
you
desire?
do you
experienc
e
withdraw
al
symptom
s if you
do not
take the
drugs you
wish to
have?
have you
put
yourself or
others at
risk by
your
actions
while
misusing
drugs?
1.000 .489 -.102 .371 -.056 .031 .091 .259 .182 -.026
.489 1.000 -.112 .353 .085 .498 .112 .557 .386 .169
-.102 -.112 1.000 -.173 .264 -.206 .373 .303 .137 .217
.371 .353 -.173 1.000 -.357 .039 -.331 .178 -.028 .108
-.056 .085 .264 -.357 1.000 .422 .344 .347 .196 .355
.031 .498 -.206 .039 .422 1.000 .094 .459 .255 .100
.091 .112 .373 -.331 .344 .094 1.000 .265 .262 -.027
.259 .557 .303 .178 .347 .459 .265 1.000 .232 .224
.182 .386 .137 -.028 .196 .255 .262 .232 1.000 .210
-.026 .169 .217 .108 .355 .100 -.027 .224 .210 1.000
E.
Reliability Statistics
Cronbach's
Alpha
Cronbach's
Alpha Based on
Standardized
Items N of Items
.545 .529 9
1.000 .442 .231 .549 -.162 .057 .607 .293 -.114
.442 1.000 .422 .232 -.247 -.083 -.010 .215 -.289
.231 .422 1.000 .338 .237 -.472 .003 .489 -.209
.549 .232 .338 1.000 .133 -.128 .651 .161 .279
-.162 -.247 .237 .133 1.000 -.484 .072 .314 .197
.057 -.083 -.472 -.128 -.484 1.000 .051 -.516 .006
.607 -.010 .003 .651 .072 .051 1.000 .332 .394
.293 .215 .489 .161 .314 -.516 .332 1.000 -.002
-.114 -.289 -.209 .279 .197 .006 .394 -.002 1.000
Reliability Statistics
F.
Reliability Statistics
Cronbach's
Alpha
Cronbach's
Alpha Based on
Standardized
Items N of Items
.438 .461 5
Inter-Item Correlation Matrix
I sometimes
worry so much
that it affects my
day today life
If I need
emotional
support, I have
someone who
could help me
I am as healthy
as anybody I
know
I expect my
health to get
worse
my health is
excellent
I sometimes worry so much
that it affects my day today
life
1.000 -.107 .138 .187 .424
If I need emotional support, I
have someone who could
help me
-.107 1.000 .340 -.149 .113
I am as healthy as anybody I
know
.138 .340 1.000 .239 .328
I expect my health to get
worse
.187 -.149 .239 1.000 -.054
my health is excellent .424 .113 .328 -.054 1.000
G.
Reliability Statistics
Cronbach's
Alpha
Cronbach's
Alpha Based on
Standardized
Items N of Items
.786 .787 28
.075
.081
.483
.409
.341
.103
.195
.416
.028
.333
.277
.431
.288
.189
.289
.181
.207
.215
.279
.206
.113
.250
-.065
.154
.324
.067
.238
1.000
Inter-Item
Correlatio
n Matrix
In
general, I
feel I am
in charge
of the
situation
in which
I live
Some
people
wander
aimlessly
through
life, but I
am not
one of
them.
I don’t
expect
to get
what I
really
want.
I have
difficulty
arranging
my life in
a way that
is
satisfying
to me.
Most people
see me as
loving and
affectionate.
I have the
sense that
I have
developed
a lot as a
person
over time.
Are you
satisfied
with Your
daily life
and
leisure
activities?
I gave
up
trying to
make
big
improve
ments
or
changes
in my
life a
long
time
ago.
Are
you
satisfie
d with
Your
presen
t
financi
al
situatio
n?
I have a
sense of
direction
and
purpose
in life.
My daily
activitie
s often
seem
trivial
and
unimpor
tant to
me.
The
deman
ds of
everyd
ay life
often
get me
down
In
genera
l, I feel
confid
ent
and
positiv
e
about
myself
There’s
no use
in really
trying to
get
somethi
ng I
want
becaus
e I
probabl
y won’t
get it.
My attitude about myself is probably not as positiv
most people feel about themselves.
In general, I
feel I am in
charge of the
situation in
which I live
1.000 -.044 .383 .556 .129 -.022 -.044 .402 .233 .041 .384 .408 .102 .188
Some people
wander
aimlessly
through life,
but I am not
one of them.
-.044 1.000 -.266 -.053 .277 .247 .469 -.184 .156 .413 -.127 .086 .487 -.160 -
I don’t expect
to get what I
really want.
.383 -.266 1.000 .273 .175 -.144 -.061 .542 .376 .082 .417 .463 .015 .432
I have difficulty
arranging my
life in a way
that is
satisfying to
me.
.556 -.053 .273 1.000 .072 -.064 .330 .377 .030 .033 .354 .602 .161 .091
Most people
see me as
loving and
affectionate.
.129 .277 .175 .072 1.000 .556 .045 .326 .210 .524 .163 -.072 .566 .164
I have the sense
that I have
developed a lot
as a person
over time.
-.022 .247 -.144 -.064 .556 1.000 .287 .049 .036 .225 -.224 -.187 .240 .250
Are you
satisfied with
Your daily life
and leisure
activities?
-.044 .469 -.061 .330 .045 .287 1.000 -.076 .340 .153 .186 .280 .244 .030 -
I gave up trying
to make big
improvements
or changes in
my life a long
time ago.
.402 -.184 .542 .377 .326 .049 -.076 1.000 .248 .115 .390 .362 .098 .424
Are you
satisfied with
Your present
financial
situation?
.233 .156 .376 .030 .210 .036 .340 .248 1.000 .022 .199 -.066 .221 .369
I have a sense
of direction and
purpose in life.
.041 .413 .082 .033 .524 .225 .153 .115 .022 1.000 .070 -.021 .389 -.287 -
My daily
activities often
seem trivial and
unimportant to
me.
.384 -.127 .417 .354 .163 -.224 .186 .390 .199 .070 1.000 .372 .193 .278
The demands of
everyday life
often get me
down
.408 .086 .463 .602 -.072 -.187 .280 .362 -.066 -.021 .372 1.000 -.024 .135
In general, I
feel confident
and positive
about myself
.102 .487 .015 .161 .566 .240 .244 .098 .221 .389 .193 -.024 1.000 -.013
There’s no use
in really trying
to get
something I
want because I
probably won’t
get it.
.188 -.160 .432 .091 .164 .250 .030 .424 .369 -.287 .278 .135 -.013 1.000
My attitude
about myself is
probably not as
positive as most
people feel
about
themselves.
.363 -.385 .449 .211 .364 .269 -.093 .579 .182 -.221 .392 .143 .045 .698 1
Maintaining
close
relationships
has been
difficult and
frustrating for
me.
.147 .092 .089 .027 .265 .099 .112 .435 .327 .287 .160 -.113 .276 .118
I do not enjoy
being in new
situations that
require me to
change my old
familiar ways
of doing things.
.040 .362 -.088 .030 -.328 -.080 .278 -.150 .129 -.062 .062 .127 -.074 .050 -
I have not
experienced
many warm and
trusting
relationships
with others
.341 .052 .305 .401 .105 .109 .415 .330 .225 -.096 .370 .379 .172 .340
I live life one
day at a time
and don't really
think about the
future.
.385 -.085 .490 .259 .081 .307 .279 .423 .355 -.225 .328 .390 -.148 .810
Are you
satisfied with
Your health?
-.400 .442 -.121 -.374 .357 .103 .008 -.265 .113 .405 -.102 -.319 .349 -.168 -
I feel it is
impossible for
me to reach the
goals that I
would like to
strive for.
.234 .147 .208 .123 .140 .028 .247 .204 .457 -.242 .478 .186 .276 .647
The future
seems hopeless
to me and I
can’t believe
that things are
changing for
the better.
.441 -.077 .323 .290 -.125 -.132 .121 .241 .216 .017 .281 .292 -.304 .286
I do not fit very
well with the
people and the
community
around me.
-.146 -.063 .018 -.258 -.185 -.099 -.051 -.040 .246 .202 -.116 -.227 -.053 -.163 -
In many ways, I
feel
disappointed
about my
achievements
in life.
-.124 .279 -.292 -.055 .398 .345 -.074 -.268 -.102 .392 -.041 -.469 .266 -.085 -
When I think
about it, I
haven't really
improved much
as a person
over the years.
.091 .025 -.252 .304 .156 -.002 -.018 -.017 -.207 .245 .195 -.157 .120 -.232 -
My attitude
about myself is
probably not as
positive
-.552 .412 -.313 -.523 .153 .160 -.013 -.301 .042 .228 -.345 -.458 .213 -.265 -
I often feel
lonely because
I have few
close friends
with whom to
share my
concerns.
-.354 .491 -.237 -.153 .233 .204 .259 -.237 -.064 .258 .055 -.051 .418 -.082 -
Are you
satisfied with
Your family
life?
.075 .081 .483 .409 .341 .103 .195 .416 .028 .333 .277 .431 .288 .189
wesi Reliability of the Instruments.docx

wesi Reliability of the Instruments.docx

  • 1.
    Reliability of theInstruments Reliability of research instrument is the extent to which the instruments produce or yields consistent results when repeatedly administered. The researcher used Cronbach's alpha since it is the most commonly accepted measures of reliability. It measures the internal consistency of the items in a scale. It indicates that the extent to which the items in a questionnaire are related to each other. It also indicates that whether a scale is one dimensional or multidimensional. The normal range of Cronbach’s coefficient alpha value ranges between 0-1 and the higher values reflects a higher degree of internal consistency. Here the researcher mainly used reliability test and inter item correlation. Thus to test reliability the researcher used Cronbach's alpha since it is the most commonly accepted measures of reliability. It measures the internal consistency of the items in a scale. It indicates that the extent to which the items in a questionnaire are related to each other. It also indicates that whether a scale is one dimensional or multidimensional. The normal range of Cronbach’s coefficient alpha value ranges between 0-1 and the higher values reflects a higher degree of internal consistency. Beside to this inter item correlation has been checked to see interaction between items. Different authors accept different values of this test in order to achieve internal reliability, but the most commonly accepted value is 0.70 as it should be equal to or higher than to reach internal reliability. Table 1: Reliability statistics N o Constructs No items proposed No of items dropped No items retained Cronbach' s Alpha Inter item correlatio n 1 Early identification of disability 19 4 15 .730 .291 2 Designing teaching-learning process 13 0 13 .763 .356 3 Teaching methodology used 19 1 18 .741 .301 4 Assessing and monitoring 19 3 16 .649 .279 5 Teaching-learning resources 19 0 19 .724 .511 6 Motivation Strategies 19 1 18 .789 .311 7 Ways of involving parents 19 2 17 .641 .297 Average 127 11 116 .719
  • 2.
    As it canbe seen from the table above indicate early identification of disable students began with 19 items, of which 4 were dropped because their correlated inter- item correlation was .291 which is below the cut point 0.35 as a result, cronbach alpha for early identification of disability was 0.730. Designing teaching-learning process began with 13 items, of which no item was dropped because their correlated inter- item correlation was .356 which is above the cut point 0.35 as a result, cronbach alpha for designing teaching-learning process was 0.763. Regarding teaching methodology used began with 19 items, of which 1 item was dropped because their correlated inter- item correlation was .301 which is below the cut point 0.35 as a result, cronbach alpha for teaching methodology used was 0.741. Assessing and monitoring began with 19 items, of which 3 items were dropped because their correlated inter- item correlation was .279 which is below the cut point 0.35 as a result, cronbach alpha for assessing and monitoring was 0.649. Regarding teaching- learning resources used began with 19 items, of which no item was dropped because their correlated inter- item correlation was .511 which is above the cut point 0.35 as a result, cronbach alpha for teaching methodology used was 0.724. Regarding motivation strategies used began with 19 items, of which 1 item was dropped because their correlated inter- item correlation was .311 which is below the cut point 0.35 as a result, cronbach alpha for teaching methodology used was 0.789. Also, ways of involving parents has begun with 19 items of which 2 were dropped because their correlated inter- item correlation were .297 which is below the cut point 0.35 as a result, cronbach alpha for ways of involving parents was0. 641.Totally, for seven fields, values of Cronbach's Alpha ranged from 0.641 to 0.789. This range is considered between moderate to high reliability of each field of the questionnaire. Thus, total cronbach's Alpha of questionnaire equals to 0.719 for the average for entire questionnaire. This range is considered as high reliability of the entire questionnaire. Therefore, based on the test, the results for the items are reliable and acceptable. A.
  • 3.
    Reliability Statistics Cronbach's Alpha Nof Items .663 8 Item-Total Statistics Scale Mean if Item Deleted Scale Variance if Item Deleted Corrected Item- Total Correlation Cronbach's Alpha if Item Deleted Sex 19.2674 22.910 -.055 .689 Age 18.4225 18.631 .260 .660 Your educ_status 17.2781 17.863 .619 .585 Your father's educ_status 17.9973 14.158 .685 .524 Your mother's educ_status 18.2914 15.446 .657 .546 Your father's monthly income 18.3824 18.253 .327 .640 Your mother's monthly income 19.0000 18.547 .349 .634 Unemployment time 17.9492 21.078 .025 .720
  • 4.
    Inter-Item Correlation Matrix SexAge Your educ_status Your father's educ_status Your mother's educ_status Your father's monthly income Your mother's monthly income Unemployment time Sex 1.000 -.390 -.090 .090 .308 .060 .026 -.236 Age -.390 1.000 .437 .284 .215 -.198 -.086 .514 Your educ_status -.090 .437 1.000 .499 .464 .323 .403 .084 Your father's educ_status .090 .284 .499 1.000 .655 .599 .234 .048 Your mother's educ_status .308 .215 .464 .655 1.000 .359 .501 -.032 Your father's monthly income .060 -.198 .323 .599 .359 1.000 .460 -.299 Your mother's monthly income .026 -.086 .403 .234 .501 .460 1.000 -.143 Unemployment time -.236 .514 .084 .048 -.032 -.299 -.143 1.000 B. Reliability Statistics Cronbach's Alpha Cronbach's Alpha Based on Standardized Items N of Items .283 .322 10
  • 8.
    1.000 .481 -.046.366 .149 .696 .201 -.184 -.470 -.274 .481 1.000 .164 .341 .041 .290 .211 -.098 -.114 -.245 -.046 .164 1.000 .106 .187 -.152 -.120 .126 .473 .556 .366 .341 .106 1.000 .012 .217 .127 -.194 -.250 -.191 .149 .041 .187 .012 1.000 .068 -.425 -.152 .127 .156 .696 .290 -.152 .217 .068 1.000 .186 -.072 -.553 -.344 .201 .211 -.120 .127 -.425 .186 1.000 .184 -.436 -.252 -.184 -.098 .126 -.194 -.152 -.072 .184 1.000 .226 .177 -.470 -.114 .473 -.250 .127 -.553 -.436 .226 1.000 .744 -.274 -.245 .556 -.191 .156 -.344 -.252 .177 .744 1.000 C. Reliability Statistics Cronbach's Alpha Cronbach's Alpha Based on Standardized Items N of Items .678 .699 5
  • 9.
    Inter-Item Correlation Matrix inmost ways my life is close to my ideal the conditions of my life are excellent i am satisfied with my life so far i have gotten the important things i want in life if I could live my life over, I would change almost nothing in most ways my life is close to my ideal 1.000 .575 .579 .575 -.061 the conditions of my life are excellent .575 1.000 .708 .604 .022 i am satisfied with my life .579 .708 1.000 .694 -.282 so far i have gotten the important things i want in life .575 .604 .694 1.000 -.237 if I could live my life over, I would change almost nothing -.061 .022 -.282 -.237 1.000 D. Reliability Statistics Cronbach's Alpha Cronbach's Alpha Based on Standardized Items N of Items .671 .669 10
  • 10.
    do you spend alot of time thinking about a drug(s)? do you use drugs other than for medical reasons ? can you get through a week without misusing drugs? do friends or relatives sense or mention that you have a drug problem? has drug misuse ever created a problem between you and friends or relatives? do you ever feel bad or guilty about your drug use? have you lost a job because of drug abuse? do you get angry at people who try to keep you from getting the drugs you desire? do you experienc e withdraw al symptom s if you do not take the drugs you wish to have? have you put yourself or others at risk by your actions while misusing drugs? 1.000 .489 -.102 .371 -.056 .031 .091 .259 .182 -.026 .489 1.000 -.112 .353 .085 .498 .112 .557 .386 .169 -.102 -.112 1.000 -.173 .264 -.206 .373 .303 .137 .217 .371 .353 -.173 1.000 -.357 .039 -.331 .178 -.028 .108 -.056 .085 .264 -.357 1.000 .422 .344 .347 .196 .355 .031 .498 -.206 .039 .422 1.000 .094 .459 .255 .100 .091 .112 .373 -.331 .344 .094 1.000 .265 .262 -.027 .259 .557 .303 .178 .347 .459 .265 1.000 .232 .224 .182 .386 .137 -.028 .196 .255 .262 .232 1.000 .210 -.026 .169 .217 .108 .355 .100 -.027 .224 .210 1.000
  • 11.
    E. Reliability Statistics Cronbach's Alpha Cronbach's Alpha Basedon Standardized Items N of Items .545 .529 9 1.000 .442 .231 .549 -.162 .057 .607 .293 -.114 .442 1.000 .422 .232 -.247 -.083 -.010 .215 -.289 .231 .422 1.000 .338 .237 -.472 .003 .489 -.209 .549 .232 .338 1.000 .133 -.128 .651 .161 .279 -.162 -.247 .237 .133 1.000 -.484 .072 .314 .197 .057 -.083 -.472 -.128 -.484 1.000 .051 -.516 .006 .607 -.010 .003 .651 .072 .051 1.000 .332 .394 .293 .215 .489 .161 .314 -.516 .332 1.000 -.002 -.114 -.289 -.209 .279 .197 .006 .394 -.002 1.000 Reliability Statistics
  • 12.
    F. Reliability Statistics Cronbach's Alpha Cronbach's Alpha Basedon Standardized Items N of Items .438 .461 5 Inter-Item Correlation Matrix I sometimes worry so much that it affects my day today life If I need emotional support, I have someone who could help me I am as healthy as anybody I know I expect my health to get worse my health is excellent I sometimes worry so much that it affects my day today life 1.000 -.107 .138 .187 .424 If I need emotional support, I have someone who could help me -.107 1.000 .340 -.149 .113 I am as healthy as anybody I know .138 .340 1.000 .239 .328 I expect my health to get worse .187 -.149 .239 1.000 -.054 my health is excellent .424 .113 .328 -.054 1.000
  • 13.
    G. Reliability Statistics Cronbach's Alpha Cronbach's Alpha Basedon Standardized Items N of Items .786 .787 28 .075 .081 .483 .409 .341 .103 .195 .416 .028 .333 .277 .431 .288 .189 .289
  • 14.
  • 15.
    In general, I feel Iam in charge of the situation in which I live Some people wander aimlessly through life, but I am not one of them. I don’t expect to get what I really want. I have difficulty arranging my life in a way that is satisfying to me. Most people see me as loving and affectionate. I have the sense that I have developed a lot as a person over time. Are you satisfied with Your daily life and leisure activities? I gave up trying to make big improve ments or changes in my life a long time ago. Are you satisfie d with Your presen t financi al situatio n? I have a sense of direction and purpose in life. My daily activitie s often seem trivial and unimpor tant to me. The deman ds of everyd ay life often get me down In genera l, I feel confid ent and positiv e about myself There’s no use in really trying to get somethi ng I want becaus e I probabl y won’t get it. My attitude about myself is probably not as positiv most people feel about themselves. In general, I feel I am in charge of the situation in which I live 1.000 -.044 .383 .556 .129 -.022 -.044 .402 .233 .041 .384 .408 .102 .188 Some people wander aimlessly through life, but I am not one of them. -.044 1.000 -.266 -.053 .277 .247 .469 -.184 .156 .413 -.127 .086 .487 -.160 - I don’t expect to get what I really want. .383 -.266 1.000 .273 .175 -.144 -.061 .542 .376 .082 .417 .463 .015 .432
  • 16.
    I have difficulty arrangingmy life in a way that is satisfying to me. .556 -.053 .273 1.000 .072 -.064 .330 .377 .030 .033 .354 .602 .161 .091 Most people see me as loving and affectionate. .129 .277 .175 .072 1.000 .556 .045 .326 .210 .524 .163 -.072 .566 .164 I have the sense that I have developed a lot as a person over time. -.022 .247 -.144 -.064 .556 1.000 .287 .049 .036 .225 -.224 -.187 .240 .250 Are you satisfied with Your daily life and leisure activities? -.044 .469 -.061 .330 .045 .287 1.000 -.076 .340 .153 .186 .280 .244 .030 - I gave up trying to make big improvements or changes in my life a long time ago. .402 -.184 .542 .377 .326 .049 -.076 1.000 .248 .115 .390 .362 .098 .424
  • 17.
    Are you satisfied with Yourpresent financial situation? .233 .156 .376 .030 .210 .036 .340 .248 1.000 .022 .199 -.066 .221 .369 I have a sense of direction and purpose in life. .041 .413 .082 .033 .524 .225 .153 .115 .022 1.000 .070 -.021 .389 -.287 - My daily activities often seem trivial and unimportant to me. .384 -.127 .417 .354 .163 -.224 .186 .390 .199 .070 1.000 .372 .193 .278 The demands of everyday life often get me down .408 .086 .463 .602 -.072 -.187 .280 .362 -.066 -.021 .372 1.000 -.024 .135 In general, I feel confident and positive about myself .102 .487 .015 .161 .566 .240 .244 .098 .221 .389 .193 -.024 1.000 -.013 There’s no use in really trying to get something I want because I probably won’t get it. .188 -.160 .432 .091 .164 .250 .030 .424 .369 -.287 .278 .135 -.013 1.000
  • 18.
    My attitude about myselfis probably not as positive as most people feel about themselves. .363 -.385 .449 .211 .364 .269 -.093 .579 .182 -.221 .392 .143 .045 .698 1 Maintaining close relationships has been difficult and frustrating for me. .147 .092 .089 .027 .265 .099 .112 .435 .327 .287 .160 -.113 .276 .118 I do not enjoy being in new situations that require me to change my old familiar ways of doing things. .040 .362 -.088 .030 -.328 -.080 .278 -.150 .129 -.062 .062 .127 -.074 .050 - I have not experienced many warm and trusting relationships with others .341 .052 .305 .401 .105 .109 .415 .330 .225 -.096 .370 .379 .172 .340
  • 19.
    I live lifeone day at a time and don't really think about the future. .385 -.085 .490 .259 .081 .307 .279 .423 .355 -.225 .328 .390 -.148 .810 Are you satisfied with Your health? -.400 .442 -.121 -.374 .357 .103 .008 -.265 .113 .405 -.102 -.319 .349 -.168 - I feel it is impossible for me to reach the goals that I would like to strive for. .234 .147 .208 .123 .140 .028 .247 .204 .457 -.242 .478 .186 .276 .647 The future seems hopeless to me and I can’t believe that things are changing for the better. .441 -.077 .323 .290 -.125 -.132 .121 .241 .216 .017 .281 .292 -.304 .286 I do not fit very well with the people and the community around me. -.146 -.063 .018 -.258 -.185 -.099 -.051 -.040 .246 .202 -.116 -.227 -.053 -.163 -
  • 20.
    In many ways,I feel disappointed about my achievements in life. -.124 .279 -.292 -.055 .398 .345 -.074 -.268 -.102 .392 -.041 -.469 .266 -.085 - When I think about it, I haven't really improved much as a person over the years. .091 .025 -.252 .304 .156 -.002 -.018 -.017 -.207 .245 .195 -.157 .120 -.232 - My attitude about myself is probably not as positive -.552 .412 -.313 -.523 .153 .160 -.013 -.301 .042 .228 -.345 -.458 .213 -.265 - I often feel lonely because I have few close friends with whom to share my concerns. -.354 .491 -.237 -.153 .233 .204 .259 -.237 -.064 .258 .055 -.051 .418 -.082 - Are you satisfied with Your family life? .075 .081 .483 .409 .341 .103 .195 .416 .028 .333 .277 .431 .288 .189