Wepdc205
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The document summarizes a cross-sectional survey of 800 male injection drug users (IDUs) in each of Delhi and Imphal, India regarding their sex partners. It found that in Delhi, 24% of partners were regular, 60% were commercial, and 16% were non-regular, while in Imphal the figures were 65%, 20%, and 15% respectively. Condom use was inconsistent in 67% of partnerships in Delhi and 80% in Imphal, mostly with non-injecting partners.
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![Who are the sex partners of male injection drug users in Delhi and Imphal, India? Waimar Tun A Sarna, L Apicella, A Bhattacharya, N Selhore, A Singh August 7, 2008 International AIDS Conference, Mexico City [email_address]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/wepdc205-111222060022-phpapp02/85/Wepdc205-1-320.jpg)
![Cross-sectional survey of current IDUs ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Recruitment Chain in Delhi](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)
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The EMPHASIS program aims to reduce vulnerability to HIV/AIDS among mobile populations in Bangladesh, India, and Nepal through focused interventions. It is a 5-year initiative funded by the Big Lottery Fund of the UK. The program will work along two mobility routes - Bangladesh/India and Nepal/India - at source, transit, and destination points to deliver services and influence policies related to safe mobility. Initial activities have included staff recruitment, partner selection, mapping exercises to understand population flows and vulnerabilities, and overcoming communication challenges across countries. Estimates indicate around 100,000 Nepalis cross into India annually through targeted transit points, with around 11,000 going to Delhi and 8,500 to Mumbai.
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The document provides an overview of the EMPHASIS program, which aims to reduce vulnerability to HIV/AIDS among mobile populations in Bangladesh, India, and Nepal. It discusses the high levels of mobility between the countries due to factors like poverty and economic opportunities. This mobility increases vulnerability to HIV through risks like unsafe sex, exploitation, and lack of access to services. The program will deliver interventions along key mobility routes and influence policies. It will work in source, transit, and destination areas and partner with NGOs. Initial activities included staff recruitment, workshops to build common understanding, and NGO partner contracting and mapping activities.
Emphasis
The document summarizes the EMPHASIS project, a regional project run by CARE India across India, Nepal, and Bangladesh aimed at enhancing mobile populations' access to HIV/AIDS information and services. It will take a source-transit-destination link model approach over five years starting in August 2009, providing services across the mobility continuum. Key activities include mapping mobile populations, developing communication tools like an online platform, and administering finances and partnerships with sub-grantees across the three countries.
Emphasis steering committee
The document provides an update on the EMPHASIS program for a steering committee. It summarizes activities in the first year, including staff recruitment, workshops to build common understanding, mapping activities with NGO partners, and snapshots from field visits. Key processes included establishing common understanding across countries, contracting NGO partners, and overcoming communication divides. Financial status and milestones for the first year in India are also outlined. The discussion section proposes including partner program representatives, establishing source-transit-destination agreements, ensuring regionalism through sharing, and addressing concerns about the neutrality of the secretariat location.
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The document outlines different knowledge management processes including communication methods like chat, discussion forums, blogs, and group work. It also includes summarizing discussions, consolidating replies, and creating collaborative documents, reports, guidelines and budgets. Knowledge assets and resources such as documents, websites and organizations are organized into archives.
Emphasis km dream
The document provides excerpts from various religious texts that discuss themes of light, knowledge, and moving from darkness to light or ignorance to enlightenment. The excerpts are from Christian, Islamic, Hindu, Buddhist, and Sikh scriptures and texts. They discuss concepts like seeking knowledge and enlightenment, following the path of righteousness, and God or divine figures guiding believers from darkness to light.
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The document discusses knowledge management in the context of an EMPHASIS project. It describes the environment as complex with regional and matrix structures. Communities of practice are discussed as informal networks for sharing ideas. Different knowledge management network structures are presented, and challenges around costs, quality, and innovation are noted. Sustaining change through knowledge is emphasized, with knowledge seen as the most important resource.
Emphasis clcp model
The document describes a targeted intervention model used between 2010-2014. It involved community goals being achieved through UNIFEM-ICOE projects with interested community members. Activities included targeted intervention activities from 2011-2013 and CLCP activities in 2012. Strategies aimed to empower vulnerable groups and address risks through interventions and increasing social norms. Sustainability involved the targeted intervention program continuing activities till the end line in 2014 while the mobility competence process continued after with community members pursuing their dreams.
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Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga-GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS-2024.pdfOsvaldo Bernardo Muchanga
GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga
Gastrointestinal Infections
GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS result from the ingestion of pathogens that cause infections at the level of this tract, generally being transmitted by food, water and hands contaminated by microorganisms such as E. coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio cholerae, Campylobacter, Staphylococcus, Rotavirus among others that are generally contained in feces, thus configuring a FECAL-ORAL type of transmission.
Among the factors that lead to the occurrence of gastrointestinal infections are the hygienic and sanitary deficiencies that characterize our markets and other places where raw or cooked food is sold, poor environmental sanitation in communities, deficiencies in water treatment (or in the process of its plumbing), risky hygienic-sanitary habits (not washing hands after major and/or minor needs), among others.
These are generally consequences (signs and symptoms) resulting from gastrointestinal infections: diarrhea, vomiting, fever and malaise, among others.
The treatment consists of replacing lost liquids and electrolytes (drinking drinking water and other recommended liquids, including consumption of juicy fruits such as papayas, apples, pears, among others that contain water in their composition).
To prevent this, it is necessary to promote health education, improve the hygienic-sanitary conditions of markets and communities in general as a way of promoting, preserving and prolonging PUBLIC HEALTH.
Gastritis and Gastric Health
Gastric Health is one of the most relevant concerns in human health, with gastrointestinal infections being among the main illnesses that affect humans.
Among gastric problems, we have GASTRITIS AND GASTRIC ULCERS as the main public health problems. Gastritis and gastric ulcers normally result from inflammation and corrosion of the walls of the stomach (gastric mucosa) and are generally associated (caused) by the bacterium Helicobacter pylor, which, according to the literature, this bacterium settles on these walls (of the stomach) and starts to release urease that ends up altering the normal pH of the stomach (acid), which leads to inflammation and corrosion of the mucous membranes and consequent gastritis or ulcers, respectively.
In addition to bacterial infections, gastritis and gastric ulcers are associated with several factors, with emphasis on prolonged fasting, chemical substances including drugs, alcohol, foods with strong seasonings including chilli, which ends up causing inflammation of the stomach walls and/or corrosion. of the same, resulting in the appearance of wounds and consequent gastritis or ulcers, respectively.
Among patients with gastritis and/or ulcers, one of the dilemmas is associated with the foods to consume in order to minimize the sensation of pain and discomfort. Call Girls Goa (india) +91-7426014248 Goa Call Girls
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CLASSIFICATION OF H1 ANTIHISTAMINICS-
FIRST GENERATION ANTIHISTAMINICS-
1)HIGHLY SEDATIVE-DIPHENHYDRAMINE,DIMENHYDRINATE,PROMETHAZINE,HYDROXYZINE 2)MODERATELY SEDATIVE- PHENARIMINE,CYPROHEPTADINE, MECLIZINE,CINNARIZINE
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AZELASTINE,MIZOLASTINE,EBASTINE,RUPATADINE. Mechanism of action of 2nd generation antihistaminics-
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Pharmacological actions-
Antagonism of histamine-The H1 antagonists effectively block histamine induced bronchoconstriction, contraction of intestinal and other smooth muscle and triple response especially wheal, flare and itch. Constriction of larger blood vessel by histamine is also antagonized.
2) Antiallergic actions-Many manifestations of immediate hypersensitivity (type I reactions)are suppressed. Urticaria, itching and angioedema are well controlled.3) CNS action-The older antihistamines produce variable degree of CNS depression.But in case of 2nd gen antihistaminics there is less CNS depressant property as these cross BBB to significantly lesser extent.
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Skin is the largest organ of the human body, serving crucial functions that include protection, sensation, regulation, and synthesis. Structurally, it consists of three main layers: the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis (subcutaneous layer).
1. **Epidermis**: The outermost layer primarily composed of epithelial cells called keratinocytes. It provides a protective barrier against environmental factors, pathogens, and UV radiation.
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- 1. Who are the sex partners of male injection drug users in Delhi and Imphal, India? Waimar Tun A Sarna, L Apicella, A Bhattacharya, N Selhore, A Singh August 7, 2008 International AIDS Conference, Mexico City [email_address]
- 3. Delhi Imphal 545 sexually active (70%) 783 males (98%) 800 IDUs 847 partners 402 sexually active (52%) 766 males (96%) 800 IDUs 576 partners 1.4 partners/person 1.6 partners/person
- 4. Sex partners of male IDUs Delhi Percent (n=847) Imphal Percent (n=576) Type of partners Female Male Total Female Male Total Regular 22% 2% 24% 64% 1% 65% Commercial 48% 12% 60% 19% 1% 20% Non-regular 13% 3% 16% 14% 1% 15% Total 83% 17% 100% 97% 3% 100%