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Week3 health behaviours

The document discusses health behaviors and health promotion. It states that health behaviors are actions taken to maintain or improve health, while health promotion refers to the belief that good health requires personal and collective commitment. It then outlines the MindNet model, which shows that health is influenced by biological, physical, social, economic, cultural, historical, environmental, political and spiritual factors. Finally, it states that key tasks of health psychologists include building awareness, acquiring skills and knowledge, and spotting risk factors for disease.

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Health Behaviours School of Health Sciences Taylor, S. E. (2009). Health Psychology (7th Edn). Pages 16 - 49. Singapore: Mcgraw-Hill International.
Health Behaviours
Health Behaviours Health Behaviour are behaviours practiced by people to enhance or maintain their health.
Health Promotion
Health Promotion Health Promotion refers to a belief that Good Health can be achieved only through Personal and Collective commitment to action.
Health Promotion http://www.mentalhealth.org.nz/page/353-mindnet+mindnet-model
Cultural Health Promotion http://www.mentalhealth.org.nz/page/353-mindnet+mindnet-model
Diet, daily life routines Cultural Health Promotion http://www.mentalhealth.org.nz/page/353-mindnet+mindnet-model
Diet, daily life routines Cultural Economic Health Promotion http://www.mentalhealth.org.nz/page/353-mindnet+mindnet-model
Diet, daily life routines Wealth, employment etc Cultural Economic Health Promotion http://www.mentalhealth.org.nz/page/353-mindnet+mindnet-model
Diet, daily life routines Wealth, employment etc Cultural Economic Health Environmental Promotion http://www.mentalhealth.org.nz/page/353-mindnet+mindnet-model
Diet, daily life routines Wealth, employment etc Cultural Economic Safe place to work & live Health Environmental Promotion http://www.mentalhealth.org.nz/page/353-mindnet+mindnet-model
Diet, daily life routines Wealth, employment etc Cultural Economic Safe place to work & live Health Environmental Promotion Historical http://www.mentalhealth.org.nz/page/353-mindnet+mindnet-model
Diet, daily life routines Wealth, employment etc Cultural Economic Safe place to work & live Health Environmental Promotion Colonisation, discrimination Historical http://www.mentalhealth.org.nz/page/353-mindnet+mindnet-model
Diet, daily life routines Wealth, employment etc Cultural Economic Safe place to work & live Health Environmental Promotion Colonisation, discrimination Historical Physical http://www.mentalhealth.org.nz/page/353-mindnet+mindnet-model
Diet, daily life routines Wealth, employment etc Cultural Economic Safe place to work & live Health Environmental Promotion Colonisation, discrimination Historical Physical Biological attributes http://www.mentalhealth.org.nz/page/353-mindnet+mindnet-model
Diet, daily life routines Wealth, employment etc Cultural Economic Safe place to work & live Health Environmental Promotion Colonisation, discrimination Political Historical Physical Biological attributes http://www.mentalhealth.org.nz/page/353-mindnet+mindnet-model
Diet, daily life routines Wealth, employment etc Cultural Economic Safe place to work & live Health Environmental Promotion Laws and public policies Colonisation, discrimination Political Historical Physical Biological attributes http://www.mentalhealth.org.nz/page/353-mindnet+mindnet-model
Diet, daily life routines Wealth, employment etc Cultural Economic Safe place to work & live Health Social Environmental Promotion Laws and public policies Colonisation, discrimination Political Historical Physical Biological attributes http://www.mentalhealth.org.nz/page/353-mindnet+mindnet-model
Diet, daily life routines Wealth, employment etc Cultural Economic Family, friends, and society Safe place to work & live Health Social Environmental Promotion Laws and public policies Colonisation, discrimination Political Historical Physical Biological attributes http://www.mentalhealth.org.nz/page/353-mindnet+mindnet-model
Diet, daily life routines Wealth, employment etc Cultural Spiritual Economic Family, friends, and society Safe place to work & live Health Social Environmental Promotion Laws and public policies Colonisation, discrimination Political Historical Physical Biological attributes http://www.mentalhealth.org.nz/page/353-mindnet+mindnet-model
Diet, daily life routines Meditation, reflection etc Wealth, employment etc Cultural Spiritual Economic Family, friends, and society Safe place to work & live Health Social Environmental Promotion Laws and public policies Colonisation, discrimination Political Historical Physical Biological attributes http://www.mentalhealth.org.nz/page/353-mindnet+mindnet-model
Health Psychologists’ Key Task http://igrow.sg/consultancy.html
Health Psychologists’ Awareness Key Task http://igrow.sg/consultancy.html
Health Psychologists’ Awareness Key Task Spotting Risk Factors in Disease http://igrow.sg/consultancy.html
Health Psychologists’ Awareness Key Task Skills & Knowledge Spotting Risk Factors in Disease http://igrow.sg/consultancy.html
Health Psychologists’ Awareness Key Task Acquiring understanding, Skills gaining tools. & Knowledge Spotting Risk Factors in Disease http://igrow.sg/consultancy.html
Health Psychologists’ Awareness Key Task Acquiring understanding, Skills gaining tools. & Knowledge Attitude Spotting Risk Factors in Disease http://igrow.sg/consultancy.html
Health Psychologists’ Awareness Key Task Acquiring understanding, Skills gaining tools. & Knowledge Attitude Spotting Risk Believing one Factors in must, should & Disease can change. http://igrow.sg/consultancy.html
Health Psychologists’ Awareness Key Task Acquiring understanding, Skills gaining tools. & Knowledge Attitude Spotting Risk Believing one Behavioural Factors in must, should & Change Disease can change. http://igrow.sg/consultancy.html
Health Psychologists’ Awareness Key Task Acquiring understanding, Skills gaining tools. & Knowledge Change occurs, risks averted/ reduced. Attitude Spotting Risk Believing one Behavioural Factors in must, should & Change Disease can change. http://igrow.sg/consultancy.html
CASE STUDY Leading Causes of Death in USA
CASE STUDY Leading Causes of Death in USA
CASE STUDY Leading Causes of Death in USA Policies that can Disease Risk Factors? be implemented? tobacco, high cholesterol, obesity, Heart Diseases physical inactivity, stress etc. smoking, unhealthy diet, Cancer environmental factors High blood pressure, tobacco, Stroke diabetes, high cholesterol etc. Car accidents (seat belts), Accidental Injuries at home (falls, poison, fire) tobacco, environment factors, Chronic Lung Diseases (pollution, asbestos) etc.
CASE STUDY Leading Causes of Death in USA Policies that can Disease Risk Factors? be implemented? tobacco, high cholesterol, obesity, Heart Diseases physical inactivity, stress etc. smoking, unhealthy diet, Cancer environmental factors High blood pressure, tobacco, Stroke diabetes, high cholesterol etc. Car accidents (seat belts), Accidental Injuries at home (falls, poison, fire) tobacco, environment factors, Chronic Lung Diseases (pollution, asbestos) etc.
CASE STUDY Leading Causes of Death in USA Policies that can Disease Risk Factors? be implemented? tobacco, high cholesterol, obesity, Heart Diseases physical inactivity, stress etc. smoking, unhealthy diet, Cancer environmental factors High blood pressure, tobacco, Stroke diabetes, high cholesterol etc. Car accidents (seat belts), Accidental Injuries at home (falls, poison, fire) tobacco, environment factors, Chronic Lung Diseases (pollution, asbestos) etc.
CASE STUDY Leading Causes of Death in USA Policies that can Disease Risk Factors? be implemented? tobacco, high cholesterol, obesity, Heart Diseases physical inactivity, stress etc. smoking, unhealthy diet, Cancer environmental factors High blood pressure, tobacco, Stroke diabetes, high cholesterol etc. Car accidents (seat belts), Accidental Injuries at home (falls, poison, fire) tobacco, environment factors, Chronic Lung Diseases (pollution, asbestos) etc.
CASE STUDY Leading Causes of Death in USA Policies that can Disease Risk Factors? be implemented? tobacco, high cholesterol, obesity, Heart Diseases physical inactivity, stress etc. smoking, unhealthy diet, Cancer environmental factors High blood pressure, tobacco, Stroke diabetes, high cholesterol etc. Car accidents (seat belts), Accidental Injuries at home (falls, poison, fire) tobacco, environment factors, Chronic Lung Diseases (pollution, asbestos) etc.
CASE STUDY Leading Causes of Death in USA Policies that can Disease Risk Factors? be implemented? tobacco, high cholesterol, obesity, Heart Diseases physical inactivity, stress etc. smoking, unhealthy diet, Cancer environmental factors High blood pressure, tobacco, Stroke diabetes, high cholesterol etc. Car accidents (seat belts), Accidental Injuries at home (falls, poison, fire) tobacco, environment factors, Chronic Lung Diseases (pollution, asbestos) etc.
CASE STUDY Leading Causes of Death in USA Policies that can Disease Risk Factors? be implemented? tobacco, high cholesterol, obesity, Heart Diseases physical inactivity, stress etc. smoking, unhealthy diet, Cancer environmental factors High blood pressure, tobacco, Stroke diabetes, high cholesterol etc. Car accidents (seat belts), Accidental Injuries at home (falls, poison, fire) tobacco, environment factors, Chronic Lung Diseases (pollution, asbestos) etc.
CASE STUDY Leading Causes of Death in USA Policies that can Disease Risk Factors? be implemented? tobacco, high cholesterol, obesity, Heart Diseases physical inactivity, stress etc. smoking, unhealthy diet, Cancer environmental factors High blood pressure, tobacco, Stroke diabetes, high cholesterol etc. Car accidents (seat belts), Accidental Injuries at home (falls, poison, fire) tobacco, environment factors, Chronic Lung Diseases (pollution, asbestos) etc.
CASE STUDY Leading Causes of Death in USA Policies that can Disease Risk Factors? be implemented? tobacco, high cholesterol, obesity, Heart Diseases physical inactivity, stress etc. smoking, unhealthy diet, Cancer environmental factors High blood pressure, tobacco, Stroke diabetes, high cholesterol etc. Car accidents (seat belts), Accidental Injuries at home (falls, poison, fire) tobacco, environment factors, Chronic Lung Diseases (pollution, asbestos) etc.
CASE STUDY Leading Causes of Death in USA Policies that can Disease Risk Factors? be implemented? tobacco, high cholesterol, obesity, Heart Diseases physical inactivity, stress etc. smoking, unhealthy diet, Cancer environmental factors High blood pressure, tobacco, Stroke diabetes, high cholesterol etc. Car accidents (seat belts), Accidental Injuries at home (falls, poison, fire) tobacco, environment factors, Chronic Lung Diseases (pollution, asbestos) etc.
CASE STUDY Leading Causes of Death in USA Policies that can Disease Risk Factors? be implemented? tobacco, high cholesterol, obesity, Heart Diseases physical inactivity, stress etc. smoking, unhealthy diet, Cancer environmental factors High blood pressure, tobacco, Stroke diabetes, high cholesterol etc. Car accidents (seat belts), Accidental Injuries at home (falls, poison, fire) tobacco, environment factors, Chronic Lung Diseases (pollution, asbestos) etc.
CASE STUDY Leading Causes of Death in USA Policies that can Disease Risk Factors? be implemented? tobacco, high cholesterol, obesity, Heart Diseases physical inactivity, stress etc. smoking, unhealthy diet, Cancer environmental factors High blood pressure, tobacco, Stroke diabetes, high cholesterol etc. Car accidents (seat belts), Accidental Injuries at home (falls, poison, fire) tobacco, environment factors, Chronic Lung Diseases (pollution, asbestos) etc.
CASE STUDY Leading Causes of Death in USA Policies that can Disease Risk Factors? be implemented? tobacco, high cholesterol, obesity, Heart Diseases physical inactivity, stress etc. smoking, unhealthy diet, Cancer environmental factors High blood pressure, tobacco, Stroke diabetes, high cholesterol etc. Car accidents (seat belts), Accidental Injuries at home (falls, poison, fire) tobacco, environment factors, Chronic Lung Diseases (pollution, asbestos) etc.
CASE STUDY Leading Causes of Death in USA Policies that can Disease Risk Factors? be implemented? tobacco, high cholesterol, obesity, Heart Diseases physical inactivity, stress etc. smoking, unhealthy diet, Cancer environmental factors High blood pressure, tobacco, Stroke diabetes, high cholesterol etc. Car accidents (seat belts), Accidental Injuries at home (falls, poison, fire) tobacco, environment factors, Chronic Lung Diseases (pollution, asbestos) etc.
CASE STUDY Leading Causes of Death in USA Policies that can Disease Risk Factors? be implemented? tobacco, high cholesterol, obesity, Heart Diseases physical inactivity, stress etc. smoking, unhealthy diet, Cancer environmental factors High blood pressure, tobacco, Stroke diabetes, high cholesterol etc. Car accidents (seat belts), Accidental Injuries at home (falls, poison, fire) tobacco, environment factors, Chronic Lung Diseases (pollution, asbestos) etc.
CASE STUDY Leading Causes of Death in USA Policies that can Disease Risk Factors? be implemented? tobacco, high cholesterol, obesity, Heart Diseases physical inactivity, stress etc. smoking, unhealthy diet, Cancer environmental factors High blood pressure, tobacco, Stroke diabetes, high cholesterol etc. Car accidents (seat belts), Accidental Injuries at home (falls, poison, fire) tobacco, environment factors, Chronic Lung Diseases (pollution, asbestos) etc.
CASE STUDY Leading Causes of Death in USA Policies that can Disease Risk Factors? be implemented? tobacco, high cholesterol, obesity, Heart Diseases physical inactivity, stress etc. smoking, unhealthy diet, Cancer environmental factors High blood pressure, tobacco, Stroke diabetes, high cholesterol etc. Car accidents (seat belts), Accidental Injuries at home (falls, poison, fire) tobacco, environment factors, Chronic Lung Diseases (pollution, asbestos) etc.
CASE STUDY Leading Causes of Death in USA Policies that can Disease Risk Factors? be implemented? tobacco, high cholesterol, obesity, Heart Diseases physical inactivity, stress etc. smoking, unhealthy diet, Cancer environmental factors High blood pressure, tobacco, Stroke diabetes, high cholesterol etc. Car accidents (seat belts), Accidental Injuries at home (falls, poison, fire) tobacco, environment factors, Chronic Lung Diseases (pollution, asbestos) etc.
Health Habits
Health Habits A Health Habit is a behaviour that has these characteristics:
Health Habits A Health Habit is a behaviour that has these characteristics: • firmly established and performed automatically without awareness
Health Habits A Health Habit is a behaviour that has these characteristics: • firmly established and performed automatically without awareness • constructed during childhood & stabilized around 11 or 12
Health Habits A Health Habit is a behaviour that has these characteristics: • firmly established and performed automatically without awareness • constructed during childhood & stabilized around 11 or 12 • highly resistant to change because it is maintained by environmental factors
Health Habits A Health Habit is a behaviour that has these characteristics: • firmly established and performed automatically without awareness • constructed during childhood & stabilized around 11 or 12 • highly resistant to change because it is maintained by environmental factors Therefore, poor health habits must be eliminated as early as possible.
Case Study: The Alameda Study
Case Study: The Alameda Study Belloc & Breslow (1972) conducted a survey to find out from the Alameda residents on their practice of these 7 good health habits daily:
Case Study: The Alameda Study Belloc & Breslow (1972) conducted a survey to find out from the Alameda residents on their practice of these 7 good health habits daily: • sleeping 7-8 hours
Case Study: The Alameda Study Belloc & Breslow (1972) conducted a survey to find out from the Alameda residents on their practice of these 7 good health habits daily: • sleeping 7-8 hours • not smoking
Case Study: The Alameda Study Belloc & Breslow (1972) conducted a survey to find out from the Alameda residents on their practice of these 7 good health habits daily: • sleeping 7-8 hours • not smoking • eating breakfast
Case Study: The Alameda Study Belloc & Breslow (1972) conducted a survey to find out from the Alameda residents on their practice of these 7 good health habits daily: • sleeping 7-8 hours • not smoking • eating breakfast • drink not more than 2 alcoholic beverage
Case Study: The Alameda Study Belloc & Breslow (1972) conducted a survey to find out from the Alameda residents on their practice of these 7 good health habits daily: • sleeping 7-8 hours • not smoking • eating breakfast • drink not more than 2 alcoholic beverage • regular exercising
Case Study: The Alameda Study Belloc & Breslow (1972) conducted a survey to find out from the Alameda residents on their practice of these 7 good health habits daily: • sleeping 7-8 hours • not smoking • eating breakfast • drink not more than 2 alcoholic beverage • regular exercising • not eating between meals
Case Study: The Alameda Study Belloc & Breslow (1972) conducted a survey to find out from the Alameda residents on their practice of these 7 good health habits daily: • sleeping 7-8 hours • not smoking • eating breakfast • drink not more than 2 alcoholic beverage • regular exercising • not eating between meals • being not more than 10% overweight
Importance of Good Health Habits Belloc & Breslow did a follow-up 12 years later and found that:
Importance of Good Health Habits Belloc & Breslow did a follow-up 12 years later and found that: The number The of deaths number amongst men 72% who follows deaths amongst the all 7 habits men in Alameda who practice 0-3 good health habits. 28%
Importance of Good Health Habits Belloc & Breslow did a follow-up 12 years later and found that: The number of The deaths 57% number amongst deaths 72% women who amongst follows all the women 7 habits in Alameda who 43% practice 0-3 good health 28% habits.
Primary Prevention http://thekathleenshow.typepad.com/.a/6a01157213c099970b0128773ff933970c-800wi
Primary Prevention
Primary Prevention Prevention is better than cure. There are generally 2 approaches to primary prevention:
Primary Prevention Prevention is better than cure. There are generally 2 approaches to primary prevention: • Behavioural change to get rid of bad health habits
Primary Prevention Prevention is better than cure. There are generally 2 approaches to primary prevention: • Behavioural change to get rid of bad health habits • eg. weight loss clinics etc
Primary Prevention Prevention is better than cure. There are generally 2 approaches to primary prevention: • Behavioural change to get rid of bad health habits • eg. weight loss clinics etc • Preventive measures implemented to stop construction of bad health habits.
Primary Prevention Prevention is better than cure. There are generally 2 approaches to primary prevention: • Behavioural change to get rid of bad health habits • eg. weight loss clinics etc • Preventive measures implemented to stop construction of bad health habits. • eg. anti-smoking or anti-drinking campaigns targetted at the young.
Primary Prevention Prevention is better than cure. There are generally 2 approaches to primary prevention: • Behavioural change to get rid of bad health habits • eg. weight loss clinics etc • Preventive measures implemented to stop construction of bad health habits. • eg. anti-smoking or anti-drinking campaigns targetted at the young. Of the two, the second method is more preferred as it has greater success rate.
Factors Influencing Health Behaviours DEMOGRAPHY (our social information) MATTERS!
Factors Influencing Health Behaviours AG E DEMOGRAPHY (our social information) MATTERS!
Factors Influencing Health Behaviours GE ND ER AG E DEMOGRAPHY (our social information) MATTERS!
Factors Influencing Health Behaviours VA LUE S GE ND ER AG E DEMOGRAPHY (our social information) MATTERS!
Factors Influencing Health Behaviours PE NT CO RS RO ON L VA AL LUE S GE ND ER AG E DEMOGRAPHY (our social information) MATTERS!
Factors Influencing Health Behaviours INFLUENCE SOCIAL PE NT CO RS RO ON L VA AL LUE S GE ND ER AG E DEMOGRAPHY (our social information) MATTERS!
Factors Influencing Health Behaviours INFLUENCE SOCIAL AL AL PE NT CO GO ON RS RO S ON L RS VA PE AL LUE S GE ND ER AG E DEMOGRAPHY (our social information) MATTERS!
Factors Influencing Health Behaviours INFLUENCE SOCIAL AL AL PE NT CO GO ON RS RO S D ON L RS VE VA S EI PE AL M C LUE O ER S PT P GE ND ER M SY AG E DEMOGRAPHY (our social information) MATTERS!
Factors Influencing Health Behaviours INFLUENCE SOCIAL AL AL PE NT CO GO ON RS RO S D ON L RS VE VA S EI PE AL M C LUE O ER S PT P GE TO ND S ER ES CC RE M SY A A AG HC E LT H EA DEMOGRAPHY (our social information) MATTERS!
Factors Influencing Health Behaviours INFLUENCE SOCIAL AL AL PE NT CO GO ON RS RO S D ON L RS VE VA S EI PE AL M C LUE O ER S PT P GE TO ND S ER ES CC RE M SY A A HC IVE AG E LT NIT H EA C OG S TOR FAC DEMOGRAPHY (our social information) MATTERS!
AGE INFLUENCE SOCIAL AL AL PE NT CO GO ON RS RO S D ON L RS VE VA EI PE AL M C LUE O ER S PT P S GE ND S TO S ER CE M AC RE AG SY H CA NIT IVE E LT G H EA CO S T OR FAC
AGE INFLUENCE Health Behaviours varies with SOCIAL AL AL PE NT CO GO ON RS RO S D ON L AGE. For example: RS VE VA EI PE AL M C LUE O ER S PT P S GE ND S TO S ER CE M AC RE AG SY H CA NIT IVE E LT G H EA CO S T OR FAC
AGE INFLUENCE Health Behaviours varies with SOCIAL AL AL PE NT CO GO ON RS RO S D ON L AGE. For example: RS VE VA EI PE AL M C LUE O ER S PT P S •GE Good health behaviours in childhood. ND ER CE S S TO M C E SY A R H CA IVE AG LT NIT E H EA CO G S T OR FAC
AGE INFLUENCE Health Behaviours varies with SOCIAL AL AL PE NT CO GO ON RS RO S D ON L AGE. For example: RS VE VA EI PE AL M C LUE O ER S PT P S •GE Good health behaviours in childhood. ND ER CE S S TO M C E SY A R • Deterioration during adolescence and AG E H EA LT H CA CO G NIT IVE young adulthood. FAC T OR S
AGE INFLUENCE Health Behaviours varies with SOCIAL AL AL PE NT CO GO ON RS RO S D ON L AGE. For example: RS VE VA EI PE AL M C LUE O ER S PT P S •GE Good health behaviours in childhood. ND ER CE S S TO M C E SY A R • Deterioration during adolescence and AG E H EA LT H CA CO G NIT IVE young adulthood. FAC T OR S • Improving again during old age
GENDER INFLUENCE SOCIAL AL AL PE NT CO GO ON RS RO S D ON L RS VE VA EI PE AL M C LUE O ER S PT P S GE ND S TO S ER CE M AC RE AG SY H CA NIT IVE E LT G H EA CO S T OR FAC
GENDER Health Behaviours also will INFLUENCE SOCIAL vary along GENDER lines. For AL AL PE NT CO GO ON RS RO S D ON L RS VE example: VA EI PE AL M C LUE O ER S PT P S GE ND S TO S ER CE M AC RE AG SY H CA NIT IVE E LT G H EA CO S T OR FAC
GENDER Health Behaviours also will INFLUENCE SOCIAL vary along GENDER lines. For AL AL PE NT CO GO ON RS RO S D ON L RS VE example: VA EI PE AL M C LUE O ER S PT P S GE TO • Males are socialised to be more ND SS ER CE M AC RE AG aggressive SY CA IVE E and be more risks adverse. H EA LT H CO G NIT S T OR FAC
GENDER Health Behaviours also will INFLUENCE SOCIAL vary along GENDER lines. For AL AL PE NT CO GO ON RS RO S D ON L RS VE example: VA EI PE AL M C LUE O ER S PT P S GE TO • Males are socialised to be more ND SS ER CE M AC RE AG aggressive SY CA IVE E and be more risks adverse. H EA LT H CO G NIT • Female-related illness be recognised as S T OR FAC one - took a long time for post-natal depression to be recognised medically.
VALUE INFLUENCE SOCIAL AL AL PE NT CO GO ON RS RO S D ON L RS VE VA EI PE AL M C LUE O ER S PT P S GE ND S TO S ER CE M AC RE AG SY H CA NIT IVE E LT G H EA CO S T OR FAC
VALUE Next factor that will affect INFLUENCE SOCIAL Health Behaviours is this thing AL AL PE NT CO GO ON RS RO S D ON L RS VE calle VALUES: VA EI PE AL M C LUE O ER S PT P S GE ND S TO S ER CE M AC RE AG SY H CA NIT IVE E LT G H EA CO S T OR FAC
VALUE Next factor that will affect INFLUENCE SOCIAL Health Behaviours is this thing AL AL PE NT CO GO ON RS RO S D ON L RS VE calle VALUES: VA EI PE AL M C LUE O ER S PT P S GE TO • Culturally, our society expects men ND SS ER CE M AC RE AG rather SY CA IVE E than to participate in outdoor H EA LT H CO G NIT sports. FAC T OR S
VALUE Next factor that will affect INFLUENCE SOCIAL Health Behaviours is this thing AL AL PE NT CO GO ON RS RO S D ON L RS VE calle VALUES: VA EI PE AL M C LUE O ER S PT P S GE TO • Culturally, our society expects men ND SS ER CE M AC RE AG rather SY CA IVE E than to participate in outdoor H EA LT H CO G NIT sports. FAC T OR S • What is good in one culture may not be good in another culture.
PERSONAL CONTROL INFLUENCE SOCIAL AL AL PE NT CO GO ON RS RO S D ON L RS VE VA EI PE AL M C LUE O ER S PT P S GE ND S TO S ER CE M AC RE AG SY H CA NIT IVE E LT G H EA CO S T OR FAC
PERSONAL CONTROL INFLUENCE How we see our illness is SOCIAL AL AL PE NT CO GO ON RS RO S reflected in PERSONAL D ON L RS VE VA EI PE AL M C LUE O ER CONTROL: S PT P S GE ND S TO S ER CE M AC RE AG SY H CA NIT IVE E LT G H EA CO S T OR FAC
PERSONAL CONTROL INFLUENCE How we see our illness is SOCIAL AL AL PE NT CO GO ON RS RO S reflected in PERSONAL D ON L RS VE VA EI PE AL M C LUE O ER CONTROL: S PT P S GE ND S TO S ER CE M AC RE SY •GEIf I see that I am in control of my health, I am A EA LT H CA CO G NIT IVE more likely to practice good health habits. H OR S T FAC
PERSONAL CONTROL INFLUENCE How we see our illness is SOCIAL AL AL PE NT CO GO ON RS RO S reflected in PERSONAL D ON L RS VE VA EI PE AL M C LUE O ER CONTROL: S PT P S GE ND S TO S ER CE M AC RE SY •GEIf I see that I am in control of my health, I am A EA LT H CA CO G NIT IVE more likely to practice good health habits. H OR S T AC • F If I don’t believe that my health is in my control (such as believing in fate), I am more likely to practice bad health habits
INFLUENCE SOCIAL INFLUENCE SOCIAL AL AL PE NT CO GO ON RS RO S D ON L RS VE VA EI PE AL M C LUE O ER S PT P S GE ND S TO S ER CE M AC RE AG SY H CA NIT IVE E LT G H EA CO S T OR FAC
INFLUENCE SOCIAL Our circle of friends and social INFLUENCE contacts exerts SOCIAL SOCIAL AL AL PE NT CO GO ON RS RO S D ON L RS INFLUENCE: VE VA EI PE AL M C LUE O ER S PT P S GE ND S TO S ER CE M AC RE AG SY H CA NIT IVE E LT G H EA CO S T OR FAC
INFLUENCE SOCIAL Our circle of friends and social INFLUENCE contacts exerts SOCIAL SOCIAL AL AL PE NT CO GO ON RS RO S D ON L RS INFLUENCE: VE VA EI PE AL M C LUE O ER S PT P S • TO GE If DIER N hang out with a group ofS friends who CE S M AC RE SY smokes, I will pick up theHCA health habit of bad ITIVE AG AL T N E smoking. HE C OG R S TO FAC
INFLUENCE SOCIAL Our circle of friends and social INFLUENCE contacts exerts SOCIAL SOCIAL AL AL PE NT CO GO ON RS RO S D ON L RS INFLUENCE: VE VA EI PE AL M C LUE O ER S PT P S • TO GE If DIER N hang out with a group ofS friends who CE S M AC RE SY smokes, I will pick up theHCA health habit of bad ITIVE AG AL T N E smoking. HE C OG R S TO • FAC If I get married, my “new” family and increased responsibilities may influence me to stop smoking.
PERSONAL GOALS INFLUENCE SOCIAL AL AL PE NT CO GO ON RS RO S D ON L RS VE VA EI PE AL M C LUE O ER S PT P S GE ND S TO S ER CE M AC RE AG SY H CA NIT IVE E LT G H EA CO S T OR FAC
PERSONAL GOALS Our health habits are heavily INFLUENCE SOCIAL AL AL PE NT tied to PERSONAL GOALS: CO GO ON RS RO S D ON L RS VE VA EI PE AL M C LUE O ER S PT P S GE ND S TO S ER CE M AC RE AG SY H CA NIT IVE E LT G H EA CO S T OR FAC
PERSONAL GOALS Our health habits are heavily INFLUENCE SOCIAL AL AL PE NT tied to PERSONAL GOALS: CO GO ON RS RO S D ON L RS VE VA EI PE AL M C LUE O ER • If I want to play basketball likeOLe Bron James, I S PT P S GE ND S ST cannot look like the Mashmallow man. Hence, I ER CE M AC RE AG have to exercise. H CA SY NIT IVE E LT G H EA CO S TOR FAC
PERSONAL GOALS Our health habits are heavily INFLUENCE SOCIAL AL AL PE NT tied to PERSONAL GOALS: CO GO ON RS RO S D ON L RS VE VA EI PE AL M C LUE O ER • If I want to play basketball likeOLe Bron James, I S PT P S GE ND S ST cannot look like the Mashmallow man. Hence, I ER CE M AC RE AG have to exercise. H CA SY NIT IVE E LT G EA CO • H If I want to live to see my great-great-great TOR S FAC grandchildren, perhaps I had better practice good health habits to get me there.
PERCEIVED SYMPTOMS INFLUENCE SOCIAL AL AL PE NT CO GO ON RS RO S D ON L RS VE VA EI PE AL M C LUE O ER S PT P S GE ND S TO S ER CE M AC RE AG SY H CA NIT IVE E LT G H EA CO S T OR FAC
PERCEIVED SYMPTOMS We sometimes change INFLUENCE SOCIAL AL AL PE NT CO GO ON RS RO S behaviour when we perceive D ON L RS VE VA EI PE AL M C LUE O ER the risk: S PT P S GE ND S TO S ER CE M AC RE AG SY H CA NIT IVE E LT G H EA CO S T OR FAC
PERCEIVED SYMPTOMS We sometimes change INFLUENCE SOCIAL AL AL PE NT CO GO ON RS RO S behaviour when we perceive D ON L RS VE VA EI PE AL M C LUE O ER the risk: S PT P S GE ND S TO S ER CE M AC RE • AG For SY CA example, a smoker starting to feel that he or H NIT IVE E LT G EA CO she has a chronic bad cough with a sore throat. H S T OR FAC
PERCEIVED SYMPTOMS We sometimes change INFLUENCE SOCIAL AL AL PE NT CO GO ON RS RO S behaviour when we perceive D ON L RS VE VA EI PE AL M C LUE O ER the risk: S PT P S GE ND S TO S ER CE M AC RE • AG For SY CA example, a smoker starting to feel that he or H NIT IVE E LT G EA CO she has a chronic bad cough with a sore throat. H S T OR • FAC Or when a person noticed that his or her urine is drawing a line of ants.
ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE INFLUENCE SOCIAL AL AL PE NT CO GO ON RS RO S D ON L RS VE VA EI PE AL M C LUE O ER S PT P S GE ND S TO S ER CE M AC RE AG SY H CA NIT IVE E LT G H EA CO S T OR FAC
ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE Most of the times, it also INFLUENCE depends on our Access to SOCIAL AL AL PE NT CO GO ON RS RO S D ON L RS VE Healthcare: VA EI PE AL M C LUE O ER S PT P S GE ND S TO S ER CE M AC RE AG SY H CA NIT IVE E LT G H EA CO S T OR FAC
ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE Most of the times, it also INFLUENCE depends on our Access to SOCIAL AL AL PE NT CO GO ON RS RO S D ON L RS VE Healthcare: VA EI PE AL M C LUE O ER S PT P S GE TO • ND In Singapore, students are Cvaccinated against ER ES S M AC RE AG SY tuberculosis (TB) so theHchanceIVof us catching CA NIT E E LT G EA TB is minimal. H CO RS FACTO
ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE Most of the times, it also INFLUENCE depends on our Access to SOCIAL AL AL PE NT CO GO ON RS RO S D ON L RS VE Healthcare: VA EI PE AL M C LUE O ER S PT P S GE TO • ND In Singapore, students are Cvaccinated against ER ES S M AC RE AG SY tuberculosis (TB) so theHchanceIVof us catching CA NIT E E LT G EA TB is minimal. H CO RS CTO • FA Pregnancies can be better managed in developed economies because the hospitals have more instruments/equipment to pre-empt complications.
COGNITIVE FACTORS INFLUENCE SOCIAL AL AL PE NT CO GO ON RS RO S D ON L RS VE VA EI PE AL M C LUE O ER S PT P S GE ND S TO S ER CE M AC RE AG SY H CA NIT IVE E LT G H EA CO S T OR FAC
COGNITIVE FACTORS Knowledge and intelligence also INFLUENCE plays apart. these are known as SOCIAL AL AL PE NT CO GO ON RS RO S D ON L RS VE Cognitive Factors: VA EI PE AL M C LUE O ER S PT P S GE ND S TO S ER CE M AC RE AG SY H CA NIT IVE E LT G H EA CO S T OR FAC
COGNITIVE FACTORS Knowledge and intelligence also INFLUENCE plays apart. these are known as SOCIAL AL AL PE NT CO GO ON RS RO S D ON L RS VE Cognitive Factors: VA EI PE AL M C LUE O ER S PT P S • TO GE S Understanding a disease CCES progress to multiple ND ER can M A RE AG T H CA SY illnesses if not treated such as ITIVE N diabetes to kidney E AL Efailure or high blood Hpressure leading to heart C OG S OR attack. F AC T
COGNITIVE FACTORS Knowledge and intelligence also INFLUENCE plays apart. these are known as SOCIAL AL AL PE NT CO GO ON RS RO S D ON L RS VE Cognitive Factors: VA EI PE AL M C LUE O ER S PT P S • TO GE S Understanding a disease CCES progress to multiple ND ER can M A RE AG T H CA SY illnesses if not treated such as ITIVE N diabetes to kidney E AL Efailure or high blood Hpressure leading to heart C OG S OR attack. F AC T • A diabetic monitors his or her blood levels with a widget at home to help monitor his or her diet.
Barriers to Modifying Health Behaviours
Barriers to Modifying Health Behaviours Understanding what factors influence bad health behaviours is important because we can:
Barriers to Modifying Health Behaviours Understanding what factors influence bad health behaviours is important because we can: • prevent bad habits before they become ingrained
Barriers to Modifying Health Behaviours Understanding what factors influence bad health behaviours is important because we can: • prevent bad habits before they become ingrained • understand why health behaviours change
Barriers to Modifying Health Behaviours Understanding what factors influence bad health behaviours is important because we can: • prevent bad habits before they become ingrained • understand why health behaviours change • eg. is peer pressure the reason behind the change from good to bad health behaviour?
Barriers to Modifying Health Behaviours Understanding what factors influence bad health behaviours is important because we can: • prevent bad habits before they become ingrained • understand why health behaviours change • eg. is peer pressure the reason behind the change from good to bad health behaviour? • knowing when and how to intervene
Barriers to Modifying Health Behaviours Understanding what factors influence bad health behaviours is important because we can: • prevent bad habits before they become ingrained • understand why health behaviours change • eg. is peer pressure the reason behind the change from good to bad health behaviour? • knowing when and how to intervene • intervening when perceive symptoms is pushing individual to seek help
Barriers to Modifying Health Behaviours Understanding what factors influence bad health behaviours is important because we can: • prevent bad habits before they become ingrained • understand why health behaviours change • eg. is peer pressure the reason behind the change from good to bad health behaviour? • knowing when and how to intervene • intervening when perceive symptoms is pushing individual to seek help • near impossibility of universal good health behaviours - a marathon runner driving a fast car without seat belts.
Instability of Health Behaviours
Instability of Health Behaviours Health behaviours is are very unstable. Here are some explanations to this instability:
Instability of Health Behaviours Health behaviours is are very unstable. Here are some explanations to this instability: • Different health habits are controlled by different factors.
Instability of Health Behaviours Health behaviours is are very unstable. Here are some explanations to this instability: • Different health habits are controlled by different factors. • I smoke because of stress, I don’t exercise because I don’t have a gym.
Instability of Health Behaviours Health behaviours is are very unstable. Here are some explanations to this instability: • Different health habits are controlled by different factors. • I smoke because of stress, I don’t exercise because I don’t have a gym. • Health behaviour changes over the history of behaviour.
Instability of Health Behaviours Health behaviours is are very unstable. Here are some explanations to this instability: • Different health habits are controlled by different factors. • I smoke because of stress, I don’t exercise because I don’t have a gym. • Health behaviour changes over the history of behaviour. • My coolest peers smokes when I’m a teenager. The opposite is true when I am forty.
Instability of Health Behaviours Health behaviours is are very unstable. Here are some explanations to this instability: • Different health habits are controlled by different factors. • I smoke because of stress, I don’t exercise because I don’t have a gym. • Health behaviour changes over the history of behaviour. • My coolest peers smokes when I’m a teenager. The opposite is true when I am forty. • Different factors may control the same health behaviour for different people.
Instability of Health Behaviours Health behaviours is are very unstable. Here are some explanations to this instability: • Different health habits are controlled by different factors. • I smoke because of stress, I don’t exercise because I don’t have a gym. • Health behaviour changes over the history of behaviour. • My coolest peers smokes when I’m a teenager. The opposite is true when I am forty. • Different factors may control the same health behaviour for different people. • Some people over eat when they are stressed, others in times of joy.
Instability of Health Behaviours Health behaviours is are very unstable. Here are some explanations to this instability: • Different health habits are controlled by different factors. • I smoke because of stress, I don’t exercise because I don’t have a gym. • Health behaviour changes over the history of behaviour. • My coolest peers smokes when I’m a teenager. The opposite is true when I am forty. • Different factors may control the same health behaviour for different people. • Some people over eat when they are stressed, others in times of joy. • Factors controlling a health behaviour may change across a person’s lifetime.
Instability of Health Behaviours Health behaviours is are very unstable. Here are some explanations to this instability: • Different health habits are controlled by different factors. • I smoke because of stress, I don’t exercise because I don’t have a gym. • Health behaviour changes over the history of behaviour. • My coolest peers smokes when I’m a teenager. The opposite is true when I am forty. • Different factors may control the same health behaviour for different people. • Some people over eat when they are stressed, others in times of joy. • Factors controlling a health behaviour may change across a person’s lifetime. • A professional athlete like Ronaldo has to give up because of knee injuries.
Instability of Health Behaviours Health behaviours is are very unstable. Here are some explanations to this instability: • Different health habits are controlled by different factors. • I smoke because of stress, I don’t exercise because I don’t have a gym. • Health behaviour changes over the history of behaviour. • My coolest peers smokes when I’m a teenager. The opposite is true when I am forty. • Different factors may control the same health behaviour for different people. • Some people over eat when they are stressed, others in times of joy. • Factors controlling a health behaviour may change across a person’s lifetime. • A professional athlete like Ronaldo has to give up because of knee injuries. • The development of health patterns may evolve.
Instability of Health Behaviours Health behaviours is are very unstable. Here are some explanations to this instability: • Different health habits are controlled by different factors. • I smoke because of stress, I don’t exercise because I don’t have a gym. • Health behaviour changes over the history of behaviour. • My coolest peers smokes when I’m a teenager. The opposite is true when I am forty. • Different factors may control the same health behaviour for different people. • Some people over eat when they are stressed, others in times of joy. • Factors controlling a health behaviour may change across a person’s lifetime. • A professional athlete like Ronaldo has to give up because of knee injuries. • The development of health patterns may evolve. • A teenager smokes for fun, an adult smokes because of stress, and an older person stops because of cancer. This changes from individual to individual
Next Week: INTERVENTION Bad Health Behaviour http://thekathleenshow.typepad.com/.a/6a01157213c099970b0128773ff933970c-800wi

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Week3 health behaviours

  • 1.
    Health Behaviours School of Health Sciences Taylor, S. E. (2009). Health Psychology (7th Edn). Pages 16 - 49. Singapore: Mcgraw-Hill International.
  • 2.
  • 3.
    Health Behaviours HealthBehaviour are behaviours practiced by people to enhance or maintain their health.
  • 4.
  • 5.
    Health Promotion Health Promotionrefers to a belief that Good Health can be achieved only through Personal and Collective commitment to action.
  • 6.
    Health Promotion http://www.mentalhealth.org.nz/page/353-mindnet+mindnet-model
  • 7.
    Cultural Health Promotion http://www.mentalhealth.org.nz/page/353-mindnet+mindnet-model
  • 8.
    Diet, daily liferoutines Cultural Health Promotion http://www.mentalhealth.org.nz/page/353-mindnet+mindnet-model
  • 9.
    Diet, daily liferoutines Cultural Economic Health Promotion http://www.mentalhealth.org.nz/page/353-mindnet+mindnet-model
  • 10.
    Diet, daily liferoutines Wealth, employment etc Cultural Economic Health Promotion http://www.mentalhealth.org.nz/page/353-mindnet+mindnet-model
  • 11.
    Diet, daily liferoutines Wealth, employment etc Cultural Economic Health Environmental Promotion http://www.mentalhealth.org.nz/page/353-mindnet+mindnet-model
  • 12.
    Diet, daily liferoutines Wealth, employment etc Cultural Economic Safe place to work & live Health Environmental Promotion http://www.mentalhealth.org.nz/page/353-mindnet+mindnet-model
  • 13.
    Diet, daily liferoutines Wealth, employment etc Cultural Economic Safe place to work & live Health Environmental Promotion Historical http://www.mentalhealth.org.nz/page/353-mindnet+mindnet-model
  • 14.
    Diet, daily liferoutines Wealth, employment etc Cultural Economic Safe place to work & live Health Environmental Promotion Colonisation, discrimination Historical http://www.mentalhealth.org.nz/page/353-mindnet+mindnet-model
  • 15.
    Diet, daily liferoutines Wealth, employment etc Cultural Economic Safe place to work & live Health Environmental Promotion Colonisation, discrimination Historical Physical http://www.mentalhealth.org.nz/page/353-mindnet+mindnet-model
  • 16.
    Diet, daily liferoutines Wealth, employment etc Cultural Economic Safe place to work & live Health Environmental Promotion Colonisation, discrimination Historical Physical Biological attributes http://www.mentalhealth.org.nz/page/353-mindnet+mindnet-model
  • 17.
    Diet, daily liferoutines Wealth, employment etc Cultural Economic Safe place to work & live Health Environmental Promotion Colonisation, discrimination Political Historical Physical Biological attributes http://www.mentalhealth.org.nz/page/353-mindnet+mindnet-model
  • 18.
    Diet, daily liferoutines Wealth, employment etc Cultural Economic Safe place to work & live Health Environmental Promotion Laws and public policies Colonisation, discrimination Political Historical Physical Biological attributes http://www.mentalhealth.org.nz/page/353-mindnet+mindnet-model
  • 19.
    Diet, daily liferoutines Wealth, employment etc Cultural Economic Safe place to work & live Health Social Environmental Promotion Laws and public policies Colonisation, discrimination Political Historical Physical Biological attributes http://www.mentalhealth.org.nz/page/353-mindnet+mindnet-model
  • 20.
    Diet, daily liferoutines Wealth, employment etc Cultural Economic Family, friends, and society Safe place to work & live Health Social Environmental Promotion Laws and public policies Colonisation, discrimination Political Historical Physical Biological attributes http://www.mentalhealth.org.nz/page/353-mindnet+mindnet-model
  • 21.
    Diet, daily liferoutines Wealth, employment etc Cultural Spiritual Economic Family, friends, and society Safe place to work & live Health Social Environmental Promotion Laws and public policies Colonisation, discrimination Political Historical Physical Biological attributes http://www.mentalhealth.org.nz/page/353-mindnet+mindnet-model
  • 22.
    Diet, daily liferoutines Meditation, reflection etc Wealth, employment etc Cultural Spiritual Economic Family, friends, and society Safe place to work & live Health Social Environmental Promotion Laws and public policies Colonisation, discrimination Political Historical Physical Biological attributes http://www.mentalhealth.org.nz/page/353-mindnet+mindnet-model
  • 23.
    Health Psychologists’ Key Task http://igrow.sg/consultancy.html
  • 24.
    Health Psychologists’ Awareness Key Task http://igrow.sg/consultancy.html
  • 25.
    Health Psychologists’ Awareness Key Task Spotting Risk Factors in Disease http://igrow.sg/consultancy.html
  • 26.
    Health Psychologists’ Awareness Key Task Skills & Knowledge Spotting Risk Factors in Disease http://igrow.sg/consultancy.html
  • 27.
    Health Psychologists’ Awareness Key Task Acquiring understanding, Skills gaining tools. & Knowledge Spotting Risk Factors in Disease http://igrow.sg/consultancy.html
  • 28.
    Health Psychologists’ Awareness Key Task Acquiring understanding, Skills gaining tools. & Knowledge Attitude Spotting Risk Factors in Disease http://igrow.sg/consultancy.html
  • 29.
    Health Psychologists’ Awareness Key Task Acquiring understanding, Skills gaining tools. & Knowledge Attitude Spotting Risk Believing one Factors in must, should & Disease can change. http://igrow.sg/consultancy.html
  • 30.
    Health Psychologists’ Awareness Key Task Acquiring understanding, Skills gaining tools. & Knowledge Attitude Spotting Risk Believing one Behavioural Factors in must, should & Change Disease can change. http://igrow.sg/consultancy.html
  • 31.
    Health Psychologists’ Awareness Key Task Acquiring understanding, Skills gaining tools. & Knowledge Change occurs, risks averted/ reduced. Attitude Spotting Risk Believing one Behavioural Factors in must, should & Change Disease can change. http://igrow.sg/consultancy.html
  • 32.
  • 33.
  • 34.
    CASE STUDY Leading Causes of Death in USA Policies that can Disease Risk Factors? be implemented? tobacco, high cholesterol, obesity, Heart Diseases physical inactivity, stress etc. smoking, unhealthy diet, Cancer environmental factors High blood pressure, tobacco, Stroke diabetes, high cholesterol etc. Car accidents (seat belts), Accidental Injuries at home (falls, poison, fire) tobacco, environment factors, Chronic Lung Diseases (pollution, asbestos) etc.
  • 35.
    CASE STUDY Leading Causes of Death in USA Policies that can Disease Risk Factors? be implemented? tobacco, high cholesterol, obesity, Heart Diseases physical inactivity, stress etc. smoking, unhealthy diet, Cancer environmental factors High blood pressure, tobacco, Stroke diabetes, high cholesterol etc. Car accidents (seat belts), Accidental Injuries at home (falls, poison, fire) tobacco, environment factors, Chronic Lung Diseases (pollution, asbestos) etc.
  • 36.
    CASE STUDY Leading Causes of Death in USA Policies that can Disease Risk Factors? be implemented? tobacco, high cholesterol, obesity, Heart Diseases physical inactivity, stress etc. smoking, unhealthy diet, Cancer environmental factors High blood pressure, tobacco, Stroke diabetes, high cholesterol etc. Car accidents (seat belts), Accidental Injuries at home (falls, poison, fire) tobacco, environment factors, Chronic Lung Diseases (pollution, asbestos) etc.
  • 37.
    CASE STUDY Leading Causes of Death in USA Policies that can Disease Risk Factors? be implemented? tobacco, high cholesterol, obesity, Heart Diseases physical inactivity, stress etc. smoking, unhealthy diet, Cancer environmental factors High blood pressure, tobacco, Stroke diabetes, high cholesterol etc. Car accidents (seat belts), Accidental Injuries at home (falls, poison, fire) tobacco, environment factors, Chronic Lung Diseases (pollution, asbestos) etc.
  • 38.
    CASE STUDY Leading Causes of Death in USA Policies that can Disease Risk Factors? be implemented? tobacco, high cholesterol, obesity, Heart Diseases physical inactivity, stress etc. smoking, unhealthy diet, Cancer environmental factors High blood pressure, tobacco, Stroke diabetes, high cholesterol etc. Car accidents (seat belts), Accidental Injuries at home (falls, poison, fire) tobacco, environment factors, Chronic Lung Diseases (pollution, asbestos) etc.
  • 39.
    CASE STUDY Leading Causes of Death in USA Policies that can Disease Risk Factors? be implemented? tobacco, high cholesterol, obesity, Heart Diseases physical inactivity, stress etc. smoking, unhealthy diet, Cancer environmental factors High blood pressure, tobacco, Stroke diabetes, high cholesterol etc. Car accidents (seat belts), Accidental Injuries at home (falls, poison, fire) tobacco, environment factors, Chronic Lung Diseases (pollution, asbestos) etc.
  • 40.
    CASE STUDY Leading Causes of Death in USA Policies that can Disease Risk Factors? be implemented? tobacco, high cholesterol, obesity, Heart Diseases physical inactivity, stress etc. smoking, unhealthy diet, Cancer environmental factors High blood pressure, tobacco, Stroke diabetes, high cholesterol etc. Car accidents (seat belts), Accidental Injuries at home (falls, poison, fire) tobacco, environment factors, Chronic Lung Diseases (pollution, asbestos) etc.
  • 41.
    CASE STUDY Leading Causes of Death in USA Policies that can Disease Risk Factors? be implemented? tobacco, high cholesterol, obesity, Heart Diseases physical inactivity, stress etc. smoking, unhealthy diet, Cancer environmental factors High blood pressure, tobacco, Stroke diabetes, high cholesterol etc. Car accidents (seat belts), Accidental Injuries at home (falls, poison, fire) tobacco, environment factors, Chronic Lung Diseases (pollution, asbestos) etc.
  • 42.
    CASE STUDY Leading Causes of Death in USA Policies that can Disease Risk Factors? be implemented? tobacco, high cholesterol, obesity, Heart Diseases physical inactivity, stress etc. smoking, unhealthy diet, Cancer environmental factors High blood pressure, tobacco, Stroke diabetes, high cholesterol etc. Car accidents (seat belts), Accidental Injuries at home (falls, poison, fire) tobacco, environment factors, Chronic Lung Diseases (pollution, asbestos) etc.
  • 43.
    CASE STUDY Leading Causes of Death in USA Policies that can Disease Risk Factors? be implemented? tobacco, high cholesterol, obesity, Heart Diseases physical inactivity, stress etc. smoking, unhealthy diet, Cancer environmental factors High blood pressure, tobacco, Stroke diabetes, high cholesterol etc. Car accidents (seat belts), Accidental Injuries at home (falls, poison, fire) tobacco, environment factors, Chronic Lung Diseases (pollution, asbestos) etc.
  • 44.
    CASE STUDY Leading Causes of Death in USA Policies that can Disease Risk Factors? be implemented? tobacco, high cholesterol, obesity, Heart Diseases physical inactivity, stress etc. smoking, unhealthy diet, Cancer environmental factors High blood pressure, tobacco, Stroke diabetes, high cholesterol etc. Car accidents (seat belts), Accidental Injuries at home (falls, poison, fire) tobacco, environment factors, Chronic Lung Diseases (pollution, asbestos) etc.
  • 45.
    CASE STUDY Leading Causes of Death in USA Policies that can Disease Risk Factors? be implemented? tobacco, high cholesterol, obesity, Heart Diseases physical inactivity, stress etc. smoking, unhealthy diet, Cancer environmental factors High blood pressure, tobacco, Stroke diabetes, high cholesterol etc. Car accidents (seat belts), Accidental Injuries at home (falls, poison, fire) tobacco, environment factors, Chronic Lung Diseases (pollution, asbestos) etc.
  • 46.
    CASE STUDY Leading Causes of Death in USA Policies that can Disease Risk Factors? be implemented? tobacco, high cholesterol, obesity, Heart Diseases physical inactivity, stress etc. smoking, unhealthy diet, Cancer environmental factors High blood pressure, tobacco, Stroke diabetes, high cholesterol etc. Car accidents (seat belts), Accidental Injuries at home (falls, poison, fire) tobacco, environment factors, Chronic Lung Diseases (pollution, asbestos) etc.
  • 47.
    CASE STUDY Leading Causes of Death in USA Policies that can Disease Risk Factors? be implemented? tobacco, high cholesterol, obesity, Heart Diseases physical inactivity, stress etc. smoking, unhealthy diet, Cancer environmental factors High blood pressure, tobacco, Stroke diabetes, high cholesterol etc. Car accidents (seat belts), Accidental Injuries at home (falls, poison, fire) tobacco, environment factors, Chronic Lung Diseases (pollution, asbestos) etc.
  • 48.
    CASE STUDY Leading Causes of Death in USA Policies that can Disease Risk Factors? be implemented? tobacco, high cholesterol, obesity, Heart Diseases physical inactivity, stress etc. smoking, unhealthy diet, Cancer environmental factors High blood pressure, tobacco, Stroke diabetes, high cholesterol etc. Car accidents (seat belts), Accidental Injuries at home (falls, poison, fire) tobacco, environment factors, Chronic Lung Diseases (pollution, asbestos) etc.
  • 49.
    CASE STUDY Leading Causes of Death in USA Policies that can Disease Risk Factors? be implemented? tobacco, high cholesterol, obesity, Heart Diseases physical inactivity, stress etc. smoking, unhealthy diet, Cancer environmental factors High blood pressure, tobacco, Stroke diabetes, high cholesterol etc. Car accidents (seat belts), Accidental Injuries at home (falls, poison, fire) tobacco, environment factors, Chronic Lung Diseases (pollution, asbestos) etc.
  • 50.
    CASE STUDY Leading Causes of Death in USA Policies that can Disease Risk Factors? be implemented? tobacco, high cholesterol, obesity, Heart Diseases physical inactivity, stress etc. smoking, unhealthy diet, Cancer environmental factors High blood pressure, tobacco, Stroke diabetes, high cholesterol etc. Car accidents (seat belts), Accidental Injuries at home (falls, poison, fire) tobacco, environment factors, Chronic Lung Diseases (pollution, asbestos) etc.
  • 51.
    CASE STUDY Leading Causes of Death in USA Policies that can Disease Risk Factors? be implemented? tobacco, high cholesterol, obesity, Heart Diseases physical inactivity, stress etc. smoking, unhealthy diet, Cancer environmental factors High blood pressure, tobacco, Stroke diabetes, high cholesterol etc. Car accidents (seat belts), Accidental Injuries at home (falls, poison, fire) tobacco, environment factors, Chronic Lung Diseases (pollution, asbestos) etc.
  • 52.
  • 53.
    Health Habits A HealthHabit is a behaviour that has these characteristics:
  • 54.
    Health Habits A HealthHabit is a behaviour that has these characteristics: • firmly established and performed automatically without awareness
  • 55.
    Health Habits A HealthHabit is a behaviour that has these characteristics: • firmly established and performed automatically without awareness • constructed during childhood & stabilized around 11 or 12
  • 56.
    Health Habits A HealthHabit is a behaviour that has these characteristics: • firmly established and performed automatically without awareness • constructed during childhood & stabilized around 11 or 12 • highly resistant to change because it is maintained by environmental factors
  • 57.
    Health Habits A HealthHabit is a behaviour that has these characteristics: • firmly established and performed automatically without awareness • constructed during childhood & stabilized around 11 or 12 • highly resistant to change because it is maintained by environmental factors Therefore, poor health habits must be eliminated as early as possible.
  • 58.
  • 59.
    Case Study: The Alameda Study Belloc & Breslow (1972) conducted a survey to find out from the Alameda residents on their practice of these 7 good health habits daily:
  • 60.
    Case Study: The Alameda Study Belloc & Breslow (1972) conducted a survey to find out from the Alameda residents on their practice of these 7 good health habits daily: • sleeping 7-8 hours
  • 61.
    Case Study: The Alameda Study Belloc & Breslow (1972) conducted a survey to find out from the Alameda residents on their practice of these 7 good health habits daily: • sleeping 7-8 hours • not smoking
  • 62.
    Case Study: The Alameda Study Belloc & Breslow (1972) conducted a survey to find out from the Alameda residents on their practice of these 7 good health habits daily: • sleeping 7-8 hours • not smoking • eating breakfast
  • 63.
    Case Study: The Alameda Study Belloc & Breslow (1972) conducted a survey to find out from the Alameda residents on their practice of these 7 good health habits daily: • sleeping 7-8 hours • not smoking • eating breakfast • drink not more than 2 alcoholic beverage
  • 64.
    Case Study: The Alameda Study Belloc & Breslow (1972) conducted a survey to find out from the Alameda residents on their practice of these 7 good health habits daily: • sleeping 7-8 hours • not smoking • eating breakfast • drink not more than 2 alcoholic beverage • regular exercising
  • 65.
    Case Study: The Alameda Study Belloc & Breslow (1972) conducted a survey to find out from the Alameda residents on their practice of these 7 good health habits daily: • sleeping 7-8 hours • not smoking • eating breakfast • drink not more than 2 alcoholic beverage • regular exercising • not eating between meals
  • 66.
    Case Study: The Alameda Study Belloc & Breslow (1972) conducted a survey to find out from the Alameda residents on their practice of these 7 good health habits daily: • sleeping 7-8 hours • not smoking • eating breakfast • drink not more than 2 alcoholic beverage • regular exercising • not eating between meals • being not more than 10% overweight
  • 67.
    Importance of GoodHealth Habits Belloc & Breslow did a follow-up 12 years later and found that:
  • 68.
    Importance of GoodHealth Habits Belloc & Breslow did a follow-up 12 years later and found that: The number The of deaths number amongst men 72% who follows deaths amongst the all 7 habits men in Alameda who practice 0-3 good health habits. 28%
  • 69.
    Importance of GoodHealth Habits Belloc & Breslow did a follow-up 12 years later and found that: The number of The deaths 57% number amongst deaths 72% women who amongst follows all the women 7 habits in Alameda who 43% practice 0-3 good health 28% habits.
  • 70.
    Primary Prevention http://thekathleenshow.typepad.com/.a/6a01157213c099970b0128773ff933970c-800wi
  • 71.
  • 72.
    Primary Prevention Prevention isbetter than cure. There are generally 2 approaches to primary prevention:
  • 73.
    Primary Prevention Prevention isbetter than cure. There are generally 2 approaches to primary prevention: • Behavioural change to get rid of bad health habits
  • 74.
    Primary Prevention Prevention isbetter than cure. There are generally 2 approaches to primary prevention: • Behavioural change to get rid of bad health habits • eg. weight loss clinics etc
  • 75.
    Primary Prevention Prevention isbetter than cure. There are generally 2 approaches to primary prevention: • Behavioural change to get rid of bad health habits • eg. weight loss clinics etc • Preventive measures implemented to stop construction of bad health habits.
  • 76.
    Primary Prevention Prevention isbetter than cure. There are generally 2 approaches to primary prevention: • Behavioural change to get rid of bad health habits • eg. weight loss clinics etc • Preventive measures implemented to stop construction of bad health habits. • eg. anti-smoking or anti-drinking campaigns targetted at the young.
  • 77.
    Primary Prevention Prevention isbetter than cure. There are generally 2 approaches to primary prevention: • Behavioural change to get rid of bad health habits • eg. weight loss clinics etc • Preventive measures implemented to stop construction of bad health habits. • eg. anti-smoking or anti-drinking campaigns targetted at the young. Of the two, the second method is more preferred as it has greater success rate.
  • 78.
    Factors Influencing HealthBehaviours DEMOGRAPHY (our social information) MATTERS!
  • 79.
    Factors Influencing HealthBehaviours AG E DEMOGRAPHY (our social information) MATTERS!
  • 80.
    Factors Influencing HealthBehaviours GE ND ER AG E DEMOGRAPHY (our social information) MATTERS!
  • 81.
    Factors Influencing HealthBehaviours VA LUE S GE ND ER AG E DEMOGRAPHY (our social information) MATTERS!
  • 82.
    Factors Influencing HealthBehaviours PE NT CO RS RO ON L VA AL LUE S GE ND ER AG E DEMOGRAPHY (our social information) MATTERS!
  • 83.
    Factors Influencing HealthBehaviours INFLUENCE SOCIAL PE NT CO RS RO ON L VA AL LUE S GE ND ER AG E DEMOGRAPHY (our social information) MATTERS!
  • 84.
    Factors Influencing HealthBehaviours INFLUENCE SOCIAL AL AL PE NT CO GO ON RS RO S ON L RS VA PE AL LUE S GE ND ER AG E DEMOGRAPHY (our social information) MATTERS!
  • 85.
    Factors Influencing HealthBehaviours INFLUENCE SOCIAL AL AL PE NT CO GO ON RS RO S D ON L RS VE VA S EI PE AL M C LUE O ER S PT P GE ND ER M SY AG E DEMOGRAPHY (our social information) MATTERS!
  • 86.
    Factors Influencing HealthBehaviours INFLUENCE SOCIAL AL AL PE NT CO GO ON RS RO S D ON L RS VE VA S EI PE AL M C LUE O ER S PT P GE TO ND S ER ES CC RE M SY A A AG HC E LT H EA DEMOGRAPHY (our social information) MATTERS!
  • 87.
    Factors Influencing HealthBehaviours INFLUENCE SOCIAL AL AL PE NT CO GO ON RS RO S D ON L RS VE VA S EI PE AL M C LUE O ER S PT P GE TO ND S ER ES CC RE M SY A A HC IVE AG E LT NIT H EA C OG S TOR FAC DEMOGRAPHY (our social information) MATTERS!
  • 89.
    AGE INFLUENCE SOCIAL AL AL PE NT CO GO ON RS RO S D ON L RS VE VA EI PE AL M C LUE O ER S PT P S GE ND S TO S ER CE M AC RE AG SY H CA NIT IVE E LT G H EA CO S T OR FAC
  • 90.
    AGE INFLUENCE Health Behaviours varies with SOCIAL AL AL PE NT CO GO ON RS RO S D ON L AGE. For example: RS VE VA EI PE AL M C LUE O ER S PT P S GE ND S TO S ER CE M AC RE AG SY H CA NIT IVE E LT G H EA CO S T OR FAC
  • 91.
    AGE INFLUENCE Health Behaviours varies with SOCIAL AL AL PE NT CO GO ON RS RO S D ON L AGE. For example: RS VE VA EI PE AL M C LUE O ER S PT P S •GE Good health behaviours in childhood. ND ER CE S S TO M C E SY A R H CA IVE AG LT NIT E H EA CO G S T OR FAC
  • 92.
    AGE INFLUENCE Health Behaviours varies with SOCIAL AL AL PE NT CO GO ON RS RO S D ON L AGE. For example: RS VE VA EI PE AL M C LUE O ER S PT P S •GE Good health behaviours in childhood. ND ER CE S S TO M C E SY A R • Deterioration during adolescence and AG E H EA LT H CA CO G NIT IVE young adulthood. FAC T OR S
  • 93.
    AGE INFLUENCE Health Behaviours varies with SOCIAL AL AL PE NT CO GO ON RS RO S D ON L AGE. For example: RS VE VA EI PE AL M C LUE O ER S PT P S •GE Good health behaviours in childhood. ND ER CE S S TO M C E SY A R • Deterioration during adolescence and AG E H EA LT H CA CO G NIT IVE young adulthood. FAC T OR S • Improving again during old age
  • 95.
    GENDER INFLUENCE SOCIAL AL AL PE NT CO GO ON RS RO S D ON L RS VE VA EI PE AL M C LUE O ER S PT P S GE ND S TO S ER CE M AC RE AG SY H CA NIT IVE E LT G H EA CO S T OR FAC
  • 96.
    GENDER Health Behaviours alsowill INFLUENCE SOCIAL vary along GENDER lines. For AL AL PE NT CO GO ON RS RO S D ON L RS VE example: VA EI PE AL M C LUE O ER S PT P S GE ND S TO S ER CE M AC RE AG SY H CA NIT IVE E LT G H EA CO S T OR FAC
  • 97.
    GENDER Health Behaviours alsowill INFLUENCE SOCIAL vary along GENDER lines. For AL AL PE NT CO GO ON RS RO S D ON L RS VE example: VA EI PE AL M C LUE O ER S PT P S GE TO • Males are socialised to be more ND SS ER CE M AC RE AG aggressive SY CA IVE E and be more risks adverse. H EA LT H CO G NIT S T OR FAC
  • 98.
    GENDER Health Behaviours alsowill INFLUENCE SOCIAL vary along GENDER lines. For AL AL PE NT CO GO ON RS RO S D ON L RS VE example: VA EI PE AL M C LUE O ER S PT P S GE TO • Males are socialised to be more ND SS ER CE M AC RE AG aggressive SY CA IVE E and be more risks adverse. H EA LT H CO G NIT • Female-related illness be recognised as S T OR FAC one - took a long time for post-natal depression to be recognised medically.
  • 100.
    VALUE INFLUENCE SOCIAL AL AL PE NT CO GO ON RS RO S D ON L RS VE VA EI PE AL M C LUE O ER S PT P S GE ND S TO S ER CE M AC RE AG SY H CA NIT IVE E LT G H EA CO S T OR FAC
  • 101.
    VALUE Next factor thatwill affect INFLUENCE SOCIAL Health Behaviours is this thing AL AL PE NT CO GO ON RS RO S D ON L RS VE calle VALUES: VA EI PE AL M C LUE O ER S PT P S GE ND S TO S ER CE M AC RE AG SY H CA NIT IVE E LT G H EA CO S T OR FAC
  • 102.
    VALUE Next factor thatwill affect INFLUENCE SOCIAL Health Behaviours is this thing AL AL PE NT CO GO ON RS RO S D ON L RS VE calle VALUES: VA EI PE AL M C LUE O ER S PT P S GE TO • Culturally, our society expects men ND SS ER CE M AC RE AG rather SY CA IVE E than to participate in outdoor H EA LT H CO G NIT sports. FAC T OR S
  • 103.
    VALUE Next factor thatwill affect INFLUENCE SOCIAL Health Behaviours is this thing AL AL PE NT CO GO ON RS RO S D ON L RS VE calle VALUES: VA EI PE AL M C LUE O ER S PT P S GE TO • Culturally, our society expects men ND SS ER CE M AC RE AG rather SY CA IVE E than to participate in outdoor H EA LT H CO G NIT sports. FAC T OR S • What is good in one culture may not be good in another culture.
  • 105.
    PERSONAL CONTROL INFLUENCE SOCIAL AL AL PE NT CO GO ON RS RO S D ON L RS VE VA EI PE AL M C LUE O ER S PT P S GE ND S TO S ER CE M AC RE AG SY H CA NIT IVE E LT G H EA CO S T OR FAC
  • 106.
    PERSONAL CONTROL INFLUENCE How we see our illness is SOCIAL AL AL PE NT CO GO ON RS RO S reflected in PERSONAL D ON L RS VE VA EI PE AL M C LUE O ER CONTROL: S PT P S GE ND S TO S ER CE M AC RE AG SY H CA NIT IVE E LT G H EA CO S T OR FAC
  • 107.
    PERSONAL CONTROL INFLUENCE How we see our illness is SOCIAL AL AL PE NT CO GO ON RS RO S reflected in PERSONAL D ON L RS VE VA EI PE AL M C LUE O ER CONTROL: S PT P S GE ND S TO S ER CE M AC RE SY •GEIf I see that I am in control of my health, I am A EA LT H CA CO G NIT IVE more likely to practice good health habits. H OR S T FAC
  • 108.
    PERSONAL CONTROL INFLUENCE How we see our illness is SOCIAL AL AL PE NT CO GO ON RS RO S reflected in PERSONAL D ON L RS VE VA EI PE AL M C LUE O ER CONTROL: S PT P S GE ND S TO S ER CE M AC RE SY •GEIf I see that I am in control of my health, I am A EA LT H CA CO G NIT IVE more likely to practice good health habits. H OR S T AC • F If I don’t believe that my health is in my control (such as believing in fate), I am more likely to practice bad health habits
  • 110.
    INFLUENCE SOCIAL INFLUENCE SOCIAL AL AL PE NT CO GO ON RS RO S D ON L RS VE VA EI PE AL M C LUE O ER S PT P S GE ND S TO S ER CE M AC RE AG SY H CA NIT IVE E LT G H EA CO S T OR FAC
  • 111.
    INFLUENCE SOCIAL Our circle of friends and social INFLUENCE contacts exerts SOCIAL SOCIAL AL AL PE NT CO GO ON RS RO S D ON L RS INFLUENCE: VE VA EI PE AL M C LUE O ER S PT P S GE ND S TO S ER CE M AC RE AG SY H CA NIT IVE E LT G H EA CO S T OR FAC
  • 112.
    INFLUENCE SOCIAL Our circle of friends and social INFLUENCE contacts exerts SOCIAL SOCIAL AL AL PE NT CO GO ON RS RO S D ON L RS INFLUENCE: VE VA EI PE AL M C LUE O ER S PT P S • TO GE If DIER N hang out with a group ofS friends who CE S M AC RE SY smokes, I will pick up theHCA health habit of bad ITIVE AG AL T N E smoking. HE C OG R S TO FAC
  • 113.
    INFLUENCE SOCIAL Our circle of friends and social INFLUENCE contacts exerts SOCIAL SOCIAL AL AL PE NT CO GO ON RS RO S D ON L RS INFLUENCE: VE VA EI PE AL M C LUE O ER S PT P S • TO GE If DIER N hang out with a group ofS friends who CE S M AC RE SY smokes, I will pick up theHCA health habit of bad ITIVE AG AL T N E smoking. HE C OG R S TO • FAC If I get married, my “new” family and increased responsibilities may influence me to stop smoking.
  • 115.
    PERSONAL GOALS INFLUENCE SOCIAL AL AL PE NT CO GO ON RS RO S D ON L RS VE VA EI PE AL M C LUE O ER S PT P S GE ND S TO S ER CE M AC RE AG SY H CA NIT IVE E LT G H EA CO S T OR FAC
  • 116.
    PERSONAL GOALS Our health habits are heavily INFLUENCE SOCIAL AL AL PE NT tied to PERSONAL GOALS: CO GO ON RS RO S D ON L RS VE VA EI PE AL M C LUE O ER S PT P S GE ND S TO S ER CE M AC RE AG SY H CA NIT IVE E LT G H EA CO S T OR FAC
  • 117.
    PERSONAL GOALS Our health habits are heavily INFLUENCE SOCIAL AL AL PE NT tied to PERSONAL GOALS: CO GO ON RS RO S D ON L RS VE VA EI PE AL M C LUE O ER • If I want to play basketball likeOLe Bron James, I S PT P S GE ND S ST cannot look like the Mashmallow man. Hence, I ER CE M AC RE AG have to exercise. H CA SY NIT IVE E LT G H EA CO S TOR FAC
  • 118.
    PERSONAL GOALS Our health habits are heavily INFLUENCE SOCIAL AL AL PE NT tied to PERSONAL GOALS: CO GO ON RS RO S D ON L RS VE VA EI PE AL M C LUE O ER • If I want to play basketball likeOLe Bron James, I S PT P S GE ND S ST cannot look like the Mashmallow man. Hence, I ER CE M AC RE AG have to exercise. H CA SY NIT IVE E LT G EA CO • H If I want to live to see my great-great-great TOR S FAC grandchildren, perhaps I had better practice good health habits to get me there.
  • 120.
    PERCEIVED SYMPTOMS INFLUENCE SOCIAL AL AL PE NT CO GO ON RS RO S D ON L RS VE VA EI PE AL M C LUE O ER S PT P S GE ND S TO S ER CE M AC RE AG SY H CA NIT IVE E LT G H EA CO S T OR FAC
  • 121.
    PERCEIVED SYMPTOMS We sometimes change INFLUENCE SOCIAL AL AL PE NT CO GO ON RS RO S behaviour when we perceive D ON L RS VE VA EI PE AL M C LUE O ER the risk: S PT P S GE ND S TO S ER CE M AC RE AG SY H CA NIT IVE E LT G H EA CO S T OR FAC
  • 122.
    PERCEIVED SYMPTOMS We sometimes change INFLUENCE SOCIAL AL AL PE NT CO GO ON RS RO S behaviour when we perceive D ON L RS VE VA EI PE AL M C LUE O ER the risk: S PT P S GE ND S TO S ER CE M AC RE • AG For SY CA example, a smoker starting to feel that he or H NIT IVE E LT G EA CO she has a chronic bad cough with a sore throat. H S T OR FAC
  • 123.
    PERCEIVED SYMPTOMS We sometimes change INFLUENCE SOCIAL AL AL PE NT CO GO ON RS RO S behaviour when we perceive D ON L RS VE VA EI PE AL M C LUE O ER the risk: S PT P S GE ND S TO S ER CE M AC RE • AG For SY CA example, a smoker starting to feel that he or H NIT IVE E LT G EA CO she has a chronic bad cough with a sore throat. H S T OR • FAC Or when a person noticed that his or her urine is drawing a line of ants.
  • 125.
    ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE INFLUENCE SOCIAL AL AL PE NT CO GO ON RS RO S D ON L RS VE VA EI PE AL M C LUE O ER S PT P S GE ND S TO S ER CE M AC RE AG SY H CA NIT IVE E LT G H EA CO S T OR FAC
  • 126.
    ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE Most ofthe times, it also INFLUENCE depends on our Access to SOCIAL AL AL PE NT CO GO ON RS RO S D ON L RS VE Healthcare: VA EI PE AL M C LUE O ER S PT P S GE ND S TO S ER CE M AC RE AG SY H CA NIT IVE E LT G H EA CO S T OR FAC
  • 127.
    ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE Most ofthe times, it also INFLUENCE depends on our Access to SOCIAL AL AL PE NT CO GO ON RS RO S D ON L RS VE Healthcare: VA EI PE AL M C LUE O ER S PT P S GE TO • ND In Singapore, students are Cvaccinated against ER ES S M AC RE AG SY tuberculosis (TB) so theHchanceIVof us catching CA NIT E E LT G EA TB is minimal. H CO RS FACTO
  • 128.
    ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE Most ofthe times, it also INFLUENCE depends on our Access to SOCIAL AL AL PE NT CO GO ON RS RO S D ON L RS VE Healthcare: VA EI PE AL M C LUE O ER S PT P S GE TO • ND In Singapore, students are Cvaccinated against ER ES S M AC RE AG SY tuberculosis (TB) so theHchanceIVof us catching CA NIT E E LT G EA TB is minimal. H CO RS CTO • FA Pregnancies can be better managed in developed economies because the hospitals have more instruments/equipment to pre-empt complications.
  • 130.
    COGNITIVE FACTORS INFLUENCE SOCIAL AL AL PE NT CO GO ON RS RO S D ON L RS VE VA EI PE AL M C LUE O ER S PT P S GE ND S TO S ER CE M AC RE AG SY H CA NIT IVE E LT G H EA CO S T OR FAC
  • 131.
    COGNITIVE FACTORS Knowledge and intelligence also INFLUENCE plays apart. these are known as SOCIAL AL AL PE NT CO GO ON RS RO S D ON L RS VE Cognitive Factors: VA EI PE AL M C LUE O ER S PT P S GE ND S TO S ER CE M AC RE AG SY H CA NIT IVE E LT G H EA CO S T OR FAC
  • 132.
    COGNITIVE FACTORS Knowledge and intelligence also INFLUENCE plays apart. these are known as SOCIAL AL AL PE NT CO GO ON RS RO S D ON L RS VE Cognitive Factors: VA EI PE AL M C LUE O ER S PT P S • TO GE S Understanding a disease CCES progress to multiple ND ER can M A RE AG T H CA SY illnesses if not treated such as ITIVE N diabetes to kidney E AL Efailure or high blood Hpressure leading to heart C OG S OR attack. F AC T
  • 133.
    COGNITIVE FACTORS Knowledge and intelligence also INFLUENCE plays apart. these are known as SOCIAL AL AL PE NT CO GO ON RS RO S D ON L RS VE Cognitive Factors: VA EI PE AL M C LUE O ER S PT P S • TO GE S Understanding a disease CCES progress to multiple ND ER can M A RE AG T H CA SY illnesses if not treated such as ITIVE N diabetes to kidney E AL Efailure or high blood Hpressure leading to heart C OG S OR attack. F AC T • A diabetic monitors his or her blood levels with a widget at home to help monitor his or her diet.
  • 134.
    Barriers to Modifying Health Behaviours
  • 135.
    Barriers to Modifying Health Behaviours Understanding what factors influence bad health behaviours is important because we can:
  • 136.
    Barriers to Modifying Health Behaviours Understanding what factors influence bad health behaviours is important because we can: • prevent bad habits before they become ingrained
  • 137.
    Barriers to Modifying Health Behaviours Understanding what factors influence bad health behaviours is important because we can: • prevent bad habits before they become ingrained • understand why health behaviours change
  • 138.
    Barriers to Modifying Health Behaviours Understanding what factors influence bad health behaviours is important because we can: • prevent bad habits before they become ingrained • understand why health behaviours change • eg. is peer pressure the reason behind the change from good to bad health behaviour?
  • 139.
    Barriers to Modifying Health Behaviours Understanding what factors influence bad health behaviours is important because we can: • prevent bad habits before they become ingrained • understand why health behaviours change • eg. is peer pressure the reason behind the change from good to bad health behaviour? • knowing when and how to intervene
  • 140.
    Barriers to Modifying Health Behaviours Understanding what factors influence bad health behaviours is important because we can: • prevent bad habits before they become ingrained • understand why health behaviours change • eg. is peer pressure the reason behind the change from good to bad health behaviour? • knowing when and how to intervene • intervening when perceive symptoms is pushing individual to seek help
  • 141.
    Barriers to Modifying Health Behaviours Understanding what factors influence bad health behaviours is important because we can: • prevent bad habits before they become ingrained • understand why health behaviours change • eg. is peer pressure the reason behind the change from good to bad health behaviour? • knowing when and how to intervene • intervening when perceive symptoms is pushing individual to seek help • near impossibility of universal good health behaviours - a marathon runner driving a fast car without seat belts.
  • 142.
  • 143.
    Instability of Health Behaviours Health behaviours is are very unstable. Here are some explanations to this instability:
  • 144.
    Instability of Health Behaviours Health behaviours is are very unstable. Here are some explanations to this instability: • Different health habits are controlled by different factors.
  • 145.
    Instability of Health Behaviours Health behaviours is are very unstable. Here are some explanations to this instability: • Different health habits are controlled by different factors. • I smoke because of stress, I don’t exercise because I don’t have a gym.
  • 146.
    Instability of Health Behaviours Health behaviours is are very unstable. Here are some explanations to this instability: • Different health habits are controlled by different factors. • I smoke because of stress, I don’t exercise because I don’t have a gym. • Health behaviour changes over the history of behaviour.
  • 147.
    Instability of Health Behaviours Health behaviours is are very unstable. Here are some explanations to this instability: • Different health habits are controlled by different factors. • I smoke because of stress, I don’t exercise because I don’t have a gym. • Health behaviour changes over the history of behaviour. • My coolest peers smokes when I’m a teenager. The opposite is true when I am forty.
  • 148.
    Instability of Health Behaviours Health behaviours is are very unstable. Here are some explanations to this instability: • Different health habits are controlled by different factors. • I smoke because of stress, I don’t exercise because I don’t have a gym. • Health behaviour changes over the history of behaviour. • My coolest peers smokes when I’m a teenager. The opposite is true when I am forty. • Different factors may control the same health behaviour for different people.
  • 149.
    Instability of Health Behaviours Health behaviours is are very unstable. Here are some explanations to this instability: • Different health habits are controlled by different factors. • I smoke because of stress, I don’t exercise because I don’t have a gym. • Health behaviour changes over the history of behaviour. • My coolest peers smokes when I’m a teenager. The opposite is true when I am forty. • Different factors may control the same health behaviour for different people. • Some people over eat when they are stressed, others in times of joy.
  • 150.
    Instability of Health Behaviours Health behaviours is are very unstable. Here are some explanations to this instability: • Different health habits are controlled by different factors. • I smoke because of stress, I don’t exercise because I don’t have a gym. • Health behaviour changes over the history of behaviour. • My coolest peers smokes when I’m a teenager. The opposite is true when I am forty. • Different factors may control the same health behaviour for different people. • Some people over eat when they are stressed, others in times of joy. • Factors controlling a health behaviour may change across a person’s lifetime.
  • 151.
    Instability of Health Behaviours Health behaviours is are very unstable. Here are some explanations to this instability: • Different health habits are controlled by different factors. • I smoke because of stress, I don’t exercise because I don’t have a gym. • Health behaviour changes over the history of behaviour. • My coolest peers smokes when I’m a teenager. The opposite is true when I am forty. • Different factors may control the same health behaviour for different people. • Some people over eat when they are stressed, others in times of joy. • Factors controlling a health behaviour may change across a person’s lifetime. • A professional athlete like Ronaldo has to give up because of knee injuries.
  • 152.
    Instability of Health Behaviours Health behaviours is are very unstable. Here are some explanations to this instability: • Different health habits are controlled by different factors. • I smoke because of stress, I don’t exercise because I don’t have a gym. • Health behaviour changes over the history of behaviour. • My coolest peers smokes when I’m a teenager. The opposite is true when I am forty. • Different factors may control the same health behaviour for different people. • Some people over eat when they are stressed, others in times of joy. • Factors controlling a health behaviour may change across a person’s lifetime. • A professional athlete like Ronaldo has to give up because of knee injuries. • The development of health patterns may evolve.
  • 153.
    Instability of Health Behaviours Health behaviours is are very unstable. Here are some explanations to this instability: • Different health habits are controlled by different factors. • I smoke because of stress, I don’t exercise because I don’t have a gym. • Health behaviour changes over the history of behaviour. • My coolest peers smokes when I’m a teenager. The opposite is true when I am forty. • Different factors may control the same health behaviour for different people. • Some people over eat when they are stressed, others in times of joy. • Factors controlling a health behaviour may change across a person’s lifetime. • A professional athlete like Ronaldo has to give up because of knee injuries. • The development of health patterns may evolve. • A teenager smokes for fun, an adult smokes because of stress, and an older person stops because of cancer. This changes from individual to individual
  • 154.
    Next Week: INTERVENTION Bad Health Behaviour http://thekathleenshow.typepad.com/.a/6a01157213c099970b0128773ff933970c-800wi

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  • #75 Age - Highlight how age affects health behaviours. For e.g. good health habits when young, deteriotrates when in adolescence and young adult hood, and improve again when getting old.\n\nGender - Highlight how the higher risk-tolerance and aggressive behaviours of most males make them perceive health differently from females.\n\nValues - How culture inhibits health behaviour. For e.g. in most eastern cultures, women are expected to stay home and avoid rigorous health activities.\n\nPersonal control - \n
  • #76 Age - Highlight how age affects health behaviours. For e.g. good health habits when young, deteriotrates when in adolescence and young adult hood, and improve again when getting old.\n\nGender - Highlight how the higher risk-tolerance and aggressive behaviours of most males make them perceive health differently from females.\n\nValues - How culture inhibits health behaviour. For e.g. in most eastern cultures, women are expected to stay home and avoid rigorous health activities.\n\nPersonal control - \n
  • #77 Age - Highlight how age affects health behaviours. For e.g. good health habits when young, deteriotrates when in adolescence and young adult hood, and improve again when getting old.\n\nGender - Highlight how the higher risk-tolerance and aggressive behaviours of most males make them perceive health differently from females.\n\nValues - How culture inhibits health behaviour. For e.g. in most eastern cultures, women are expected to stay home and avoid rigorous health activities.\n\nPersonal control - \n
  • #78 Age - Highlight how age affects health behaviours. For e.g. good health habits when young, deteriotrates when in adolescence and young adult hood, and improve again when getting old.\n\nGender - Highlight how the higher risk-tolerance and aggressive behaviours of most males make them perceive health differently from females.\n\nValues - How culture inhibits health behaviour. For e.g. in most eastern cultures, women are expected to stay home and avoid rigorous health activities.\n\nPersonal control - \n
  • #79 Age - Highlight how age affects health behaviours. For e.g. good health habits when young, deteriotrates when in adolescence and young adult hood, and improve again when getting old.\n\nGender - Highlight how the higher risk-tolerance and aggressive behaviours of most males make them perceive health differently from females.\n\nValues - How culture inhibits health behaviour. For e.g. in most eastern cultures, women are expected to stay home and avoid rigorous health activities.\n\nPersonal control - \n
  • #80 Age - Highlight how age affects health behaviours. For e.g. good health habits when young, deteriotrates when in adolescence and young adult hood, and improve again when getting old.\n\nGender - Highlight how the higher risk-tolerance and aggressive behaviours of most males make them perceive health differently from females.\n\nValues - How culture inhibits health behaviour. For e.g. in most eastern cultures, women are expected to stay home and avoid rigorous health activities.\n\nPersonal control - \n
  • #81 Age - Highlight how age affects health behaviours. For e.g. good health habits when young, deteriotrates when in adolescence and young adult hood, and improve again when getting old.\n\nGender - Highlight how the higher risk-tolerance and aggressive behaviours of most males make them perceive health differently from females.\n\nValues - How culture inhibits health behaviour. For e.g. in most eastern cultures, women are expected to stay home and avoid rigorous health activities.\n\nPersonal control - \n
  • #82 Age - Highlight how age affects health behaviours. For e.g. good health habits when young, deteriotrates when in adolescence and young adult hood, and improve again when getting old.\n\nGender - Highlight how the higher risk-tolerance and aggressive behaviours of most males make them perceive health differently from females.\n\nValues - How culture inhibits health behaviour. For e.g. in most eastern cultures, women are expected to stay home and avoid rigorous health activities.\n\nPersonal control - \n
  • #83 Age - Highlight how age affects health behaviours. For e.g. good health habits when young, deteriotrates when in adolescence and young adult hood, and improve again when getting old.\n\nGender - Highlight how the higher risk-tolerance and aggressive behaviours of most males make them perceive health differently from females.\n\nValues - How culture inhibits health behaviour. For e.g. in most eastern cultures, women are expected to stay home and avoid rigorous health activities.\n\nPersonal control - \n
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