The document provides an overview of global conflicts after the Cold War, beginning with the First Gulf War between Iraq and Kuwait in 1990-1991 over oil and territory. It then discusses the conflict and humanitarian crisis in Somalia in 1992 after the repressive regime was ousted, leading to UN intervention. Next, it covers the Rwandan genocide of 1994 where 800,000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus were killed after years of ethnic tensions and a civil war.
Social Studies - The 1990 Iraq-Kuwait WarGoh Bang Rui
Subscribe to my education channel.
bit.ly/gohbangrui
These slides introduce Chapter 1: 1990 Iraq-Kuwait War to the Secondary 4 students who are studying Social Studies for the Singapore current syllabus.
These slides are divided into 4 areas.
1. Why we study this for Singapore Social Studies? [Slide 15]
2. Basic Events of the War [Slide 19]
3. Causes of the War [Slide 37]
4. Impacts of the War [Slide 64]
Any feedback is welcome.
You can also watch the flipped video for the first three parts of the lesson using the below link.
http://bit.ly/iraqkuwaitwar
Presentation on conflict that occurred between Iraq and UN\NATO\USA, due to Iraq's invasion in Kuwait.
Provides background on Geopolitics and proves that wars occur mostly for the resources
Social Studies - The 1990 Iraq-Kuwait WarGoh Bang Rui
Subscribe to my education channel.
bit.ly/gohbangrui
These slides introduce Chapter 1: 1990 Iraq-Kuwait War to the Secondary 4 students who are studying Social Studies for the Singapore current syllabus.
These slides are divided into 4 areas.
1. Why we study this for Singapore Social Studies? [Slide 15]
2. Basic Events of the War [Slide 19]
3. Causes of the War [Slide 37]
4. Impacts of the War [Slide 64]
Any feedback is welcome.
You can also watch the flipped video for the first three parts of the lesson using the below link.
http://bit.ly/iraqkuwaitwar
Presentation on conflict that occurred between Iraq and UN\NATO\USA, due to Iraq's invasion in Kuwait.
Provides background on Geopolitics and proves that wars occur mostly for the resources
American history: persian gulf war (1990 1991). Operation desert stormAlex Rayón Jerez
Presentation done on June 2009 during my year in the USA in the context of the debates and presentations I took part on with my fellow friend (RIP) and always in mind Ron Mullholand. It treats one of the latest chapter in the American history: the first Persian Gulf War.
Global Developments, European Crisis, and Rwanda by Dmitry Gershenson, Resident Representative and Country Director for Rwanda, International Monetary Fund (IMF), presented on June 6, 2012 during a public lecture at the School of Finance and Banking (SFB)
American history: persian gulf war (1990 1991). Operation desert stormAlex Rayón Jerez
Presentation done on June 2009 during my year in the USA in the context of the debates and presentations I took part on with my fellow friend (RIP) and always in mind Ron Mullholand. It treats one of the latest chapter in the American history: the first Persian Gulf War.
Global Developments, European Crisis, and Rwanda by Dmitry Gershenson, Resident Representative and Country Director for Rwanda, International Monetary Fund (IMF), presented on June 6, 2012 during a public lecture at the School of Finance and Banking (SFB)
Countering the racist lies & building solidarity with refugeesRatbag Media
Talk presented by Peter Benedek,
Focus of this is on countering the dangerous, racist lies – from politicians, from media – that create climate of fear, of scapegoating. Just what is behind this “fortress Australia” policy?
As Alex – Tamil spokesperson for the boat currently in Indonesia, where a recent hunger strike was held – told GLW: “When people are fleeing war and genocide, how can a country think protecting themselves is more important than helping these people? The world is for all of humankind, we are just like you except we do not have a country.”
“We are refugees and we want to get away from genocide”, Alex said. “There are women and children on board here. And we are not animals, we are people, but we are being treated inhumanely.”
THE GULF WAR CRISIS_20230823_102402_0000.pptx.pdfneetmar2570
The Gulf War, also known as the Persian Gulf War, was a global conflict that lasted from August 1990 to February 1991. The war began when Iraq's dictator Saddam Hussein invaded Kuwait, claiming it as Iraq's 19th province. The invasion led to a United Nations Security Council embargo and sanctions on Iraq
The United States led a coalition of 35 nations against Iraq. The coalition began an air and ground war on January 16, 1991. The war ended with an Iraqi defeat and retreat from Kuwait
Some say that Iraq lost the war due to a combination of low morale, exhaustion, and being nearly hopelessly outmatched.
Iraq lose this war as Air strikes: The US and allied air forces bombed Iraqi positions and supply lines. The air campaign neutralized about 30% of Iraq's ground forces.
Psychological warfare: The US and allied forces dropped leaflets that were almost as devastating as the B-52 strikes.
Tank losses: The coalition lost 31 tanks, while Iraq lost an estimated 3,300.
Exhaustion: The Iraqi army and country were exhausted from the Iran–Iraq War.
Depleted reserves: Iraq's strategic reserves were depleted, and it lacked the power to go on any major offensives. this war impacted globally as well as to poor developing nation including India crude oil price rise up to 80 dollar per gallon.
It englights the era of Iraq under the leadership of Saddam hussein untill he was executed. I have analysed Saddam's tenure including Iran-Iraq war, both Gulf wars and Substance of Anarchy embedled in Iraq while scrutinizes his policies and Baa'th agenda.
It englights the era of Iraq under the leadership of Saddam hussein untill he was executed. I have analysed Saddam's tenure including Iran-Iraq war, both Gulf wars and Substance of Anarchy embedled in Iraq while scrutinizes his policies and Baa'th agenda.
After WW2, some 75 years ago, we continued to see wars in many parts of the world. At the same time, there are who generation of people who have never experience war in their life. All the post WW 2, wars were primarily localized, and at times involving a dozen or more nations. Nevertheless, they can be just deadly. Here I have included a few more well-know ones. 12.3.21
A series of quotes to prompt class discussion. The first 6 take a negative view of the study of history, and the last 6 take a positive view. I used it with my Year 11 History class to get them to discuss what history is and why it is important.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
11. key points about the
cold war
1945 - 1989-91 (end of WWII to the break up of the
USSR)
major tension between US and USSR and their allies
coalitions with other countries (eg: USSR & China,
USA & NATO nations)
space race
massive nuclear arms race
32. Phase 1 - 1990-2001
The first Gulf War - Iraq and Kuwait 1991
33. Phase 1 - 1990-2001
The first Gulf War - Iraq and Kuwait 1991
34. Phase 1 - 1990-2001
The first Gulf War - Iraq and Kuwait 1991
Iraq freed from Soviet constraints at end of Cold War
35. Phase 1 - 1990-2001
The first Gulf War - Iraq and Kuwait 1991
Iraq freed from Soviet constraints at end of Cold War
End of eight year war with Iran left Iraq with
economic problems
36. Phase 1 - 1990-2001
The first Gulf War - Iraq and Kuwait 1991
Iraq freed from Soviet constraints at end of Cold War
End of eight year war with Iran left Iraq with
economic problems
Claimed Kuwait flooding oil market and theft of
Iraqi oil. Invaded Kuwait and took control of 20% of
world’s oil
37. Phase 1 - 1990-2001
The first Gulf War - Iraq and Kuwait 1991
Iraq freed from Soviet constraints at end of Cold War
End of eight year war with Iran left Iraq with
economic problems
Claimed Kuwait flooding oil market and theft of
Iraqi oil. Invaded Kuwait and took control of 20% of
world’s oil
Saddam Hussein declared Kuwait to be
Iraq’s 19th province
38. Phase 1 - 1990-2001
The first Gulf War - Iraq and Kuwait 1991
Iraq freed from Soviet constraints at end of Cold War
End of eight year war with Iran left Iraq with
economic problems
Claimed Kuwait flooding oil market and theft of
Iraqi oil. Invaded Kuwait and took control of 20% of
world’s oil
Saddam Hussein declared Kuwait to be
Iraq’s 19th province
Broad coalition of Arab and Western states formed
to oust Iraq
39. Phase 1 - 1990-2001
The first Gulf War - Iraq and Kuwait 1991
Iraq freed from Soviet constraints at end of Cold War
End of eight year war with Iran left Iraq with
economic problems
Claimed Kuwait flooding oil market and theft of
Iraqi oil. Invaded Kuwait and took control of 20% of
world’s oil
Saddam Hussein declared Kuwait to be
Iraq’s 19th province
Broad coalition of Arab and Western states formed
to oust Iraq
17 January 1991 - Operation Desert Storm
26 February - withdrawal of Iraqi troops
40. Phase 1 - 1990-2001
The first Gulf War - Iraq and Kuwait 1991
Iraq freed from Soviet constraints at end of Cold War
End of eight year war with Iran left Iraq with
economic problems
Claimed Kuwait flooding oil market and theft of
Iraqi oil. Invaded Kuwait and took control of 20% of
world’s oil
Saddam Hussein declared Kuwait to be
Iraq’s 19th province
Broad coalition of Arab and Western states formed
to oust Iraq
17 January 1991 - Operation Desert Storm
26 February - withdrawal of Iraqi troops
What sort of tension?
41. Phase 1 - 1990-2001
The first Gulf War - Iraq and Kuwait 1991
Iraq freed from Soviet constraints at end of Cold War
End of eight year war with Iran left Iraq with
economic problems
Claimed Kuwait flooding oil market and theft of
Iraqi oil. Invaded Kuwait and took control of 20% of
world’s oil
Saddam Hussein declared Kuwait to be
Iraq’s 19th province
Broad coalition of Arab and Western states formed
to oust Iraq
17 January 1991 - Operation Desert Storm
26 February - withdrawal of Iraqi troops
economic What sort of tension?
42. Phase 1 - 1990-2001
The first Gulf War - Iraq and Kuwait 1991
Iraq freed from Soviet constraints at end of Cold War
End of eight year war with Iran left Iraq with
economic problems
Claimed Kuwait flooding oil market and theft of
Iraqi oil. Invaded Kuwait and took control of 20% of
world’s oil
Saddam Hussein declared Kuwait to be
Iraq’s 19th province
Broad coalition of Arab and Western states formed
to oust Iraq
17 January 1991 - Operation Desert Storm
26 February - withdrawal of Iraqi troops
nationalistWhat sort of tension?
economic
47. Somalia 1992
Independence in 1960
Repressive regime of Siad Barre 1969-1991
48. Somalia 1992
Independence in 1960
Repressive regime of Siad Barre 1969-1991
One of Barre’s aims was to eliminate tribalism
49. Somalia 1992
Independence in 1960
Repressive regime of Siad Barre 1969-1991
One of Barre’s aims was to eliminate tribalism
Insurgencies against his regime and he was
ousted in 1991
50. Somalia 1992
Independence in 1960
Repressive regime of Siad Barre 1969-1991
One of Barre’s aims was to eliminate tribalism
Insurgencies against his regime and he was
ousted in 1991
Violent attempts to reinstate him,
humanitarian crisis and anarchy followed
51. Somalia 1992
Independence in 1960
Repressive regime of Siad Barre 1969-1991
One of Barre’s aims was to eliminate tribalism
Insurgencies against his regime and he was
ousted in 1991
Violent attempts to reinstate him,
humanitarian crisis and anarchy followed
Rival warlords struggled for control of the state
52. Somalia 1992
Independence in 1960
Repressive regime of Siad Barre 1969-1991
One of Barre’s aims was to eliminate tribalism
Insurgencies against his regime and he was
ousted in 1991
Violent attempts to reinstate him,
humanitarian crisis and anarchy followed
Rival warlords struggled for control of the state
By July 1992 UN estimated 1.5 million people in danger of
immediate starvation, and entire population of 4.5 million
of long term starvation
53. Somalia 1992
Independence in 1960
Repressive regime of Siad Barre 1969-1991
One of Barre’s aims was to eliminate tribalism
Insurgencies against his regime and he was
ousted in 1991
Violent attempts to reinstate him,
humanitarian crisis and anarchy followed
Rival warlords struggled for control of the state
By July 1992 UN estimated 1.5 million people in danger of
immediate starvation, and entire population of 4.5 million
of long term starvation
UN humanitarian intervention in August
54. Somalia 1992
Independence in 1960
Repressive regime of Siad Barre 1969-1991
One of Barre’s aims was to eliminate tribalism
Insurgencies against his regime and he was
ousted in 1991
Violent attempts to reinstate him,
humanitarian crisis and anarchy followed
Rival warlords struggled for control of the state
By July 1992 UN estimated 1.5 million people in danger of
immediate starvation, and entire population of 4.5 million
of long term starvation
UN humanitarian intervention in August
Also military intervention to assist in disarmament
and discussions between hostile clans
55. Somalia 1992
Independence in 1960
Repressive regime of Siad Barre 1969-1991
One of Barre’s aims was to eliminate tribalism
Insurgencies against his regime and he was
ousted in 1991
Violent attempts to reinstate him,
humanitarian crisis and anarchy followed
Rival warlords struggled for control of the state
By July 1992 UN estimated 1.5 million people in danger of Still no government has
immediate starvation, and entire population of 4.5 million emerged to take control of the
of long term starvation country
UN humanitarian intervention in August
Also military intervention to assist in disarmament
and discussions between hostile clans
56. Somalia 1992
Independence in 1960
Repressive regime of Siad Barre 1969-1991
One of Barre’s aims was to eliminate tribalism
Insurgencies against his regime and he was
ousted in 1991
Violent attempts to reinstate him,
humanitarian crisis and anarchy followed
Rival warlords struggled for control of the state
By July 1992 UN estimated 1.5 million people in danger of Still no government has
immediate starvation, and entire population of 4.5 million emerged to take control of the
of long term starvation country
UN humanitarian intervention in August
What is the nature of
Also military intervention to assist in disarmament
this conflict?
and discussions between hostile clans
57. Somalia 1992
Independence in 1960
Repressive regime of Siad Barre 1969-1991
One of Barre’s aims was to eliminate tribalism
Insurgencies against his regime and he was
ousted in 1991
Violent attempts to reinstate him,
humanitarian crisis and anarchy followed
ethnic
Rival warlords struggled for control of the state
By July 1992 UN estimated 1.5 million people in danger of Still no government has
immediate starvation, and entire population of 4.5 million emerged to take control of the
of long term starvation country
UN humanitarian intervention in August
What is the nature of
Also military intervention to assist in disarmament
this conflict?
and discussions between hostile clans
58. Somalia 1992
Independence in 1960
Repressive regime of Siad Barre 1969-1991
One of Barre’s aims was to eliminate tribalism
Insurgencies against his regime and he was
ousted in 1991
economic
Violent attempts to reinstate him,
humanitarian crisis and anarchy followed
ethnic
Rival warlords struggled for control of the state
By July 1992 UN estimated 1.5 million people in danger of Still no government has
immediate starvation, and entire population of 4.5 million emerged to take control of the
of long term starvation country
UN humanitarian intervention in August
What is the nature of
Also military intervention to assist in disarmament
this conflict?
and discussions between hostile clans
59. Somalia 1992
Independence in 1960
Repressive regime of Siad Barre 1969-1991
One of Barre’s aims was to eliminate tribalism
Insurgencies against his regime and he was
regional
ousted in 1991
economic
Violent attempts to reinstate him,
humanitarian crisis and anarchy followed
Rival warlords struggled for control of the state ethnic
By July 1992 UN estimated 1.5 million people in danger of Still no government has
immediate starvation, and entire population of 4.5 million emerged to take control of the
of long term starvation country
UN humanitarian intervention in August
What is the nature of
Also military intervention to assist in disarmament
this conflict?
and discussions between hostile clans
65. RWANDA 1994
1959 Hutus overthrow ruling Tutsi King
1962 Independence from Belgium
Hutus killed thousands of Tutsis with
150,000 driven into exile
66. RWANDA 1994
1959 Hutus overthrow ruling Tutsi King
1962 Independence from Belgium
Hutus killed thousands of Tutsis with
150,000 driven into exile
Children of exiles formed a rebel group
and began a civil war in 1990
67. RWANDA 1994
1959 Hutus overthrow ruling Tutsi King
1962 Independence from Belgium
Hutus killed thousands of Tutsis with
150,000 driven into exile
Children of exiles formed a rebel group
and began a civil war in 1990
ulminated in April 1994 genocide of 800,000 Tutsis and
moderate Hutus
68. RWANDA 1994
UN and US reluctant to get involved in
African regional conflicts after Somalia
1959 Hutus overthrow ruling Tutsi King
1962 Independence from Belgium
Hutus killed thousands of Tutsis with
150,000 driven into exile
Children of exiles formed a rebel group
and began a civil war in 1990
ulminated in April 1994 genocide of 800,000 Tutsis and
moderate Hutus
69. RWANDA 1994
UN and US reluctant to get involved in
African regional conflicts after Somalia
UN withdrew troops and peacekeepers
1959 Hutus overthrow ruling Tutsi King
1962 Independence from Belgium
Hutus killed thousands of Tutsis with
150,000 driven into exile
Children of exiles formed a rebel group
and began a civil war in 1990
ulminated in April 1994 genocide of 800,000 Tutsis and
moderate Hutus
70. RWANDA 1994
UN and US reluctant to get involved in
African regional conflicts after Somalia
UN withdrew troops and peacekeepers
US blocked more forces
1959 Hutus overthrow ruling Tutsi King
1962 Independence from Belgium
Hutus killed thousands of Tutsis with
150,000 driven into exile
Children of exiles formed a rebel group
and began a civil war in 1990
ulminated in April 1994 genocide of 800,000 Tutsis and
moderate Hutus
71. RWANDA 1994
UN and US reluctant to get involved in
African regional conflicts after Somalia
UN withdrew troops and peacekeepers
US blocked more forces
UN mission of 5500 troops in May,
still delayed due to cost
1959 Hutus overthrow ruling Tutsi King
1962 Independence from Belgium
Hutus killed thousands of Tutsis with
150,000 driven into exile
Children of exiles formed a rebel group
and began a civil war in 1990
ulminated in April 1994 genocide of 800,000 Tutsis and
moderate Hutus
72. RWANDA 1994
UN and US reluctant to get involved in
African regional conflicts after Somalia
UN withdrew troops and peacekeepers
US blocked more forces
UN mission of 5500 troops in May,
still delayed due to cost
1959 Hutus overthrow ruling Tutsi King
Tutsi rebels finally defeated Hutus
1962 Independence from Belgium
Hutus killed thousands of Tutsis with
150,000 driven into exile
Children of exiles formed a rebel group
and began a civil war in 1990
ulminated in April 1994 genocide of 800,000 Tutsis and
moderate Hutus
73. RWANDA 1994
UN and US reluctant to get involved in
African regional conflicts after Somalia
UN withdrew troops and peacekeepers
US blocked more forces
UN mission of 5500 troops in May,
still delayed due to cost
1959 Hutus overthrow ruling Tutsi King
Tutsi rebels finally defeated Hutus
1962 Independence from Belgium
Most Hutus who fled have now returned
Hutus killed thousands of Tutsis with
except group in Congo who have formed
150,000 driven into exile insurgency group planning to retake Rwanda
Children of exiles formed a rebel group
and began a civil war in 1990
ulminated in April 1994 genocide of 800,000 Tutsis and
moderate Hutus
74. RWANDA 1994
UN and US reluctant to get involved in
African regional conflicts after Somalia
UN withdrew troops and peacekeepers
US blocked more forces
UN mission of 5500 troops in May,
still delayed due to cost
1959 Hutus overthrow ruling Tutsi King
Tutsi rebels finally defeated Hutus
1962 Independence from Belgium
Most Hutus who fled have now returned
Hutus killed thousands of Tutsis with
except group in Congo who have formed
150,000 driven into exile insurgency group planning to retake Rwanda
Children of exiles formed a rebel group
What is the nature
and began a civil war in 1990
of this conflict?
ulminated in April 1994 genocide of 800,000 Tutsis and
moderate Hutus
75. RWANDA 1994
UN and US reluctant to get involved in
African regional conflicts after Somalia
ethnic UN withdrew troops and peacekeepers
US blocked more forces
UN mission of 5500 troops in May,
still delayed due to cost
1959 Hutus overthrow ruling Tutsi King
Tutsi rebels finally defeated Hutus
1962 Independence from Belgium
Most Hutus who fled have now returned
Hutus killed thousands of Tutsis with
except group in Congo who have formed
150,000 driven into exile insurgency group planning to retake Rwanda
Children of exiles formed a rebel group
What is the nature
and began a civil war in 1990
of this conflict?
ulminated in April 1994 genocide of 800,000 Tutsis and
moderate Hutus
76. RWANDA 1994
UN and US reluctant to get involved in
regional African regional conflicts after Somalia
ethnic UN withdrew troops and peacekeepers
US blocked more forces
UN mission of 5500 troops in May,
still delayed due to cost
1959 Hutus overthrow ruling Tutsi King
Tutsi rebels finally defeated Hutus
1962 Independence from Belgium
Most Hutus who fled have now returned
Hutus killed thousands of Tutsis with
except group in Congo who have formed
150,000 driven into exile insurgency group planning to retake Rwanda
Children of exiles formed a rebel group
What is the nature
and began a civil war in 1990
of this conflict?
ulminated in April 1994 genocide of 800,000 Tutsis and
moderate Hutus
81. Yugoslavia 1991-99
Communist resistance movement after Nazi invasion led by Josip Tito
Tito became Prime Minister and established
six Yugoslavian republics:
82. Yugoslavia 1991-99
Communist resistance movement after Nazi invasion led by Josip Tito
Tito became Prime Minister and established
six Yugoslavian republics:
Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and
Slovenia
83. Yugoslavia 1991-99
Communist resistance movement after Nazi invasion led by Josip Tito
Tito became Prime Minister and established
six Yugoslavian republics:
Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and
Slovenia
existing ethnic and nationalist issues and tensions
with each other
84. Yugoslavia 1991-99
Communist resistance movement after Nazi invasion led by Josip Tito
Tito became Prime Minister and established
six Yugoslavian republics:
Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and
Slovenia
existing ethnic and nationalist issues and tensions
with each other
Tito died in 1980, old rivalries re-emerged
85. Yugoslavia 1991-99
Communist resistance movement after Nazi invasion led by Josip Tito
Tito became Prime Minister and established
six Yugoslavian republics:
Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and
Slovenia
existing ethnic and nationalist issues and tensions
with each other
Tito died in 1980, old rivalries re-emerged
1991 Slovenia and Croatia declare independence
86. Yugoslavia 1991-99
Communist resistance movement after Nazi invasion led by Josip Tito
Tito became Prime Minister and established
six Yugoslavian republics:
Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and
Slovenia
existing ethnic and nationalist issues and tensions
with each other
Tito died in 1980, old rivalries re-emerged
1991 Slovenia and Croatia declare independence
1992 Bosnia Herzegovina vote for independence, Bosnian state
recognised by EU and US
87. Yugoslavia 1991-99
Communist resistance movement after Nazi invasion led by Josip Tito
Tito became Prime Minister and established
six Yugoslavian republics:
Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and
Slovenia
existing ethnic and nationalist issues and tensions
with each other
Tito died in 1980, old rivalries re-emerged
1991 Slovenia and Croatia declare independence
1992 Bosnia Herzegovina vote for independence, Bosnian state
recognised by EU and US
Bosnian Serbs not wanting to be minority got support from
Serbian government and attacked Bosnian government
88. Yugoslavia 1991-99
Communist resistance movement after Nazi invasion led by Josip Tito
Tito became Prime Minister and established
six Yugoslavian republics:
Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and
Slovenia
existing ethnic and nationalist issues and tensions
with each other
Tito died in 1980, old rivalries re-emerged
1991 Slovenia and Croatia declare independence
1992 Bosnia Herzegovina vote for independence, Bosnian state
recognised by EU and US
Bosnian Serbs not wanting to be minority got support from
Serbian government and attacked Bosnian government
1992 war began and Serbs took over 70 per cent of the country
89. Yugoslavia 1991-99
Communist resistance movement after Nazi invasion led by Josip Tito
Tito became Prime Minister and established
six Yugoslavian republics:
Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and
Slovenia
existing ethnic and nationalist issues and tensions
with each other
Tito died in 1980, old rivalries re-emerged
1991 Slovenia and Croatia declare independence
1992 Bosnia Herzegovina vote for independence, Bosnian state
recognised by EU and US
Bosnian Serbs not wanting to be minority got support from
Serbian government and attacked Bosnian government
1992 war began and Serbs took over 70 per cent of the country
Serbs embarked on ethnic cleansing, particularly against Muslims who made up 44
percent of the Bosnian population
93. Yugoslavia cont...
West reluctant to intervene, but finally threatened air strikes in 1994
94. Yugoslavia cont...
West reluctant to intervene, but finally threatened air strikes in 1994
Fighting ended in late 1994 but more fighting erupted in the
province of Kosovo between the Serbs and ethnic Albanians,
where Muslim Albanians are the majority but province seen as
home of Serb identity and culture
95. Yugoslavia cont...
West reluctant to intervene, but finally threatened air strikes in 1994
Fighting ended in late 1994 but more fighting erupted in the
province of Kosovo between the Serbs and ethnic Albanians,
where Muslim Albanians are the majority but province seen as
home of Serb identity and culture
Albanian separatists in Kosovo formed Kosovo Liberation Army
96. Yugoslavia cont...
West reluctant to intervene, but finally threatened air strikes in 1994
Fighting ended in late 1994 but more fighting erupted in the
province of Kosovo between the Serbs and ethnic Albanians,
where Muslim Albanians are the majority but province seen as
home of Serb identity and culture
Albanian separatists in Kosovo formed Kosovo Liberation Army
Serbs’ ethnic cleansing of Albanians from norther Kosovo
prompted NATO air strikes, which was first attack on a
European country by NATO
97. Yugoslavia cont...
West reluctant to intervene, but finally threatened air strikes in 1994
Fighting ended in late 1994 but more fighting erupted in the
province of Kosovo between the Serbs and ethnic Albanians,
where Muslim Albanians are the majority but province seen as
home of Serb identity and culture
Albanian separatists in Kosovo formed Kosovo Liberation Army
Serbs’ ethnic cleansing of Albanians from norther Kosovo
prompted NATO air strikes, which was first attack on a
European country by NATO
By June NATO was threatening a ground attack and
President Milosevic forced to back down
98. Yugoslavia cont...
West reluctant to intervene, but finally threatened air strikes in 1994
Fighting ended in late 1994 but more fighting erupted in the
province of Kosovo between the Serbs and ethnic Albanians,
where Muslim Albanians are the majority but province seen as
home of Serb identity and culture
Albanian separatists in Kosovo formed Kosovo Liberation Army
Serbs’ ethnic cleansing of Albanians from norther Kosovo
prompted NATO air strikes, which was first attack on a
European country by NATO
By June NATO was threatening a ground attack and
President Milosevic forced to back down
What tensions caused this conflict?
99. Yugoslavia cont...
West reluctant to intervene, but finally threatened air strikes in 1994
Fighting ended in late 1994 but more fighting erupted in the
province of Kosovo between the Serbs and ethnic Albanians,
where Muslim Albanians are the majority but province seen as
home of Serb identity and culture
Albanian separatists in Kosovo formed Kosovo Liberation Army
Serbs’ ethnic cleansing of Albanians from norther Kosovo
ethnic prompted NATO air strikes, which was first attack on a
European country by NATO
By June NATO was threatening a ground attack and
President Milosevic forced to back down
What tensions caused this conflict?
100. Yugoslavia cont...
West reluctant to intervene, but finally threatened air strikes in 1994
Fighting ended in late 1994 but more fighting erupted in the
province of Kosovo between the Serbs and ethnic Albanians,
where Muslim Albanians are the majority but province seen as
home of Serb identity and culture
Albanian separatists in Kosovo formed Kosovo Liberation Army
Serbs’ ethnic cleansing of Albanians from norther Kosovo
ethnic prompted NATO air strikes, which was first attack on a
European country by NATO
religious By June NATO was threatening a ground attack and
President Milosevic forced to back down
What tensions caused this conflict?
101. Yugoslavia cont...
West reluctant to intervene, but finally threatened air strikes in 1994
Fighting ended in late 1994 but more fighting erupted in the
regional province of Kosovo between the Serbs and ethnic Albanians,
where Muslim Albanians are the majority but province seen as
home of Serb identity and culture
Albanian separatists in Kosovo formed Kosovo Liberation Army
Serbs’ ethnic cleansing of Albanians from norther Kosovo
ethnic prompted NATO air strikes, which was first attack on a
European country by NATO
religious By June NATO was threatening a ground attack and
President Milosevic forced to back down
What tensions caused this conflict?
102. Yugoslavia cont...
West reluctant to intervene, but finally threatened air strikes in 1994
Fighting ended in late 1994 but more fighting erupted in the
regional province of Kosovo between the Serbs and ethnic Albanians,
where Muslim Albanians are the majority but province seen as
home of Serb identity and culture
nationalist
Albanian separatists in Kosovo formed Kosovo Liberation Army
Serbs’ ethnic cleansing of Albanians from norther Kosovo
ethnic prompted NATO air strikes, which was first attack on a
European country by NATO
religious By June NATO was threatening a ground attack and
President Milosevic forced to back down
What tensions caused this conflict?
107. chechnya 1991 onwards
Chechens have fought for independence from Russia for
over 160 years
Stalin displaced the population of Chechens during WWII, and
they only returned during the period of ‘de-Stalinisation’
108. chechnya 1991 onwards
Chechens have fought for independence from Russia for
over 160 years
Stalin displaced the population of Chechens during WWII, and
they only returned during the period of ‘de-Stalinisation’
1991 declared independence from Russia as
the Soviet Union was collapsing
109. chechnya 1991 onwards
Chechens have fought for independence from Russia for
over 160 years
Stalin displaced the population of Chechens during WWII, and
they only returned during the period of ‘de-Stalinisation’
1991 declared independence from Russia as
the Soviet Union was collapsing
Bloody conflict followed as Russia was determined to keep
Chechnya as part of the Russian Federation
110. chechnya 1991 onwards
Chechens have fought for independence from Russia for
over 160 years
Stalin displaced the population of Chechens during WWII, and
they only returned during the period of ‘de-Stalinisation’
1991 declared independence from Russia as
the Soviet Union was collapsing
Bloody conflict followed as Russia was determined to keep
Chechnya as part of the Russian Federation
1994 Boris Yeltsin ordered 40,000 troops to retake
the region which resulted in a drawn out, bloody
and unpopular conflict
111. chechnya 1991 onwards
Chechens have fought for independence from Russia for
over 160 years
Stalin displaced the population of Chechens during WWII, and
they only returned during the period of ‘de-Stalinisation’
1991 declared independence from Russia as
the Soviet Union was collapsing
Bloody conflict followed as Russia was determined to keep
Chechnya as part of the Russian Federation
1994 Boris Yeltsin ordered 40,000 troops to retake
the region which resulted in a drawn out, bloody
and unpopular conflict
Region in stalemate until Sept 1999 when the Russian army returned after blaming
bombings in Russia on Chechens
112. chechnya 1991 onwards
Chechens have fought for independence from Russia for
over 160 years
Stalin displaced the population of Chechens during WWII, and
they only returned during the period of ‘de-Stalinisation’
1991 declared independence from Russia as
the Soviet Union was collapsing
Bloody conflict followed as Russia was determined to keep
Chechnya as part of the Russian Federation
1994 Boris Yeltsin ordered 40,000 troops to retake
the region which resulted in a drawn out, bloody
and unpopular conflict
Region in stalemate until Sept 1999 when the Russian army returned after blaming
bombings in Russia on Chechens
Chechen separatists retaliated with terrorist attacks
113. chechnya 1991 onwards
Chechens have fought for independence from Russia for
over 160 years
Stalin displaced the population of Chechens during WWII, and
they only returned during the period of ‘de-Stalinisation’
1991 declared independence from Russia as
the Soviet Union was collapsing
Bloody conflict followed as Russia was determined to keep
Chechnya as part of the Russian Federation
1994 Boris Yeltsin ordered 40,000 troops to retake
the region which resulted in a drawn out, bloody
and unpopular conflict
Region in stalemate until Sept 1999 when the Russian army returned after blaming
bombings in Russia on Chechens
Chechen separatists retaliated with terrorist attacks
This allowed President Putin to classify Chechen movement as part of the ‘war on terrorism’
114. chechnya 1991 onwards
Chechens have fought for independence from Russia for
over 160 years
Stalin displaced the population of Chechens during WWII, and
they only returned during the period of ‘de-Stalinisation’
1991 declared independence from Russia as
the Soviet Union was collapsing
Bloody conflict followed as Russia was determined to keep
Chechnya as part of the Russian Federation
1994 Boris Yeltsin ordered 40,000 troops to retake
the region which resulted in a drawn out, bloody
and unpopular conflict
Region in stalemate until Sept 1999 when the Russian army returned after blaming
What is the nature of
bombings in Russia on Chechens
Chechen separatists retaliated with terrorist attacks
this conflict?
This allowed President Putin to classify Chechen movement as part of the ‘war on terrorism’
115. chechnya 1991 onwards
Chechens have fought for independence from Russia for
over 160 years
Stalin displaced the population of Chechens during WWII, and
they only returned during the period of ‘de-Stalinisation’
1991 declared independence from Russia as
the Soviet Union was collapsing
ethnic
Bloody conflict followed as Russia was determined to keep
Chechnya as part of the Russian Federation
1994 Boris Yeltsin ordered 40,000 troops to retake
the region which resulted in a drawn out, bloody
and unpopular conflict
Region in stalemate until Sept 1999 when the Russian army returned after blaming
What is the nature of
bombings in Russia on Chechens
Chechen separatists retaliated with terrorist attacks
this conflict?
This allowed President Putin to classify Chechen movement as part of the ‘war on terrorism’
116. chechnya 1991 onwards
Chechens have fought for independence from Russia for
over 160 years
Stalin displaced the population of Chechens during WWII, and
they only returned during the period of ‘de-Stalinisation’
1991 declared independence from Russia as
the Soviet Union was collapsing
ethnic nationalist
Bloody conflict followed as Russia was determined to keep
Chechnya as part of the Russian Federation
1994 Boris Yeltsin ordered 40,000 troops to retake
the region which resulted in a drawn out, bloody
and unpopular conflict
Region in stalemate until Sept 1999 when the Russian army returned after blaming
What is the nature of
bombings in Russia on Chechens
Chechen separatists retaliated with terrorist attacks
this conflict?
This allowed President Putin to classify Chechen movement as part of the ‘war on terrorism’
117. other conflicts
India and Pakistan over Kashmir (ethnic, religious and
nationalist)
Palestine and Israel (ethnic, religious and nationalist)
North and South Korea (nationalist)
China and Taiwan (nationalist)
Indonesia and the province of Aceh (religious, nationlist
and ethnic)
118. review
What was the Cold War?
What causes conflict?
What five conflicts were outlined and what
were their causes?
reference: Simpson, A & Scott, D ‘ Power and International
Politics 3rd Edition, SEV, 2008
119. Stay tuned for more
detail on the gulf
war, bosnia and
africa
as well as global
terroism and post cold
war Phase 2 - 2001
onwards...