The document discusses various web3 file storage options including IPFS, Filecoin, and Arweave, focusing on their decentralized nature and use cases for large data storage. It details the gas costs associated with data storage on Ethereum and explains how IPFS and Filecoin enable decentralized, tamper-resistant data retrieval while highlighting the benefits of Arweave for permanent data storage. Additionally, it covers practical implementations such as smart contracts integrated with IPFS for managing unique digital tokens.

1. WEB3 FILE STORAGE
OPTIONS
IPFS
Filecoin
Arweave

2. WEB3 TECHNOLOGY STACK

3. THERE ARE SOME SMART CONTRACT
USE CASES WHERE STORAGE OF
LARGE AMOUNT OF DATA IS NEEDED
Gov Records Trade Finance
Title Recording Supply Chain

4. HOW EXPENSIVE IS IT TO STORE DATA
ON BLOCKCHIN?
(EXPERIMENT)
pragma solidity ^0.5.0;
contract WriteRandomData {
bytes32[] randomArray;
constructor() public {
bytes32 rand32 = keccak256(abi.encodePacked(block.timestamp));
for(uint i; i<32; i++) {
rand32 = keccak256(abi.encodePacked(rand32));
randomArray.push(rand32);
}
}
}

5. 788,268 GAS UNITS TO CREATE
THE CONTRACT AND STORE 1KB
OF DATA

6. LET’S CREATE THE SAME CONTACT
BUT SKIP DATA STORAGE ON
BLOCKCHAIN
pragma solidity ^0.5.0;
contract WriteRandomData {
bytes32[] randomArray;
constructor() public {
bytes32 rand32 = keccak256(abi.encodePacked(block.timestamp));
for(uint i; i<32; i++) {
rand32 = keccak256(abi.encodePacked(rand32));
//randomArray.push(rand32);
}
}
}

7. 73,032 GAS UNITS

8. LET’S CONVERT IT TO DOLLARS
AND CENTS
1 KB of data storage on Etherium: 788,268-73,032 = 715,236 Gas
Units
715,236 Gas Units = 715,236 Gwei (assuming that we set 1Gwei for
gas price)
1Gwei = 0.00001908 USD (as of 1/11/2020)
1KB Of storage: $0.00001908 * 715,236 = $ 13.64670288
(1/11/2020)

9. IPFS ON HIGH LEVEL: PEER-TO-
PEER NETWORK + GIT VERSIONING
Client-Server Network Peer-to-Peer Network

10. IPFS OBJECT
Data
< 256 kB of binary data
…
Link
Link
Name Hash Size
Link

11. MERKLE TREE
• Every leaf node is labelled with the
hash of a data block.
• Every non-leaf node is labelled with
the cryptographic hash of the labels
of its child nodes

12. MERKLE DIERECT ACCYCLIC
GRAPH (DAG)
DAG data structure similar to a Merkle tree but
not so strict:
1. DAG does not need to be balanced
2. Non-leaf nodes are allowed to contain data
Merkle DAG enables uniquely identified,
tamper-resistant and permanently stored
data shared by network nodes.
DAG creates a foundation for Distributed
Hash Table

13. IPFS PROPERTIES
With the Distributed Hash Table, nodes can store & share data
without central coordination
IPFS is Persistent Data Structure (nothing can be deleted)
Uploaded content is not guaranteed to persist on the network (all
participating nodes should consider participation a voluntary service)

14. HOW TO STORE AND ACCESS FILES
ON IPFS?
Command line interface https://dist.ipfs.io/#go-ipfs
API https://docs.ipfs.io/reference/api/http/
Libraries for different languages, for example, NPM module for JavaScript:
https://www.npmjs.com/package/ipfs-api
Web Gateway, for example:
https://ipfs.io/ipfs/Qme7ss3ARVgxv6rXqVPiikMJ8u2NLgmgszg13pYrDKEoiu
Direct support from the browser, for example:
ipfs://bafybeiemxf5abjwjbikoz4mc3a3dla6ual3jsgpdr4cjr3oz3evfyavhwq/wi
ki/Vincent_van_Gogh.html
IPFS Desktop application

15. IPFS DESKTOP

16. FILECOIN Filecoin (⨎) is an open-source, public
cryptocurrency and digital payment
system intended to be a blockchain-based
cooperative digital storage and data
retrieval method.
The blockchain is based on both proof-
of-replication and proof-of-spacetime.
Filecoin aims to store data in a
decentralized manner, which is resistant
to problems that occur in centralized
storage. Due to Filecoin's decentralized
nature, it protects the integrity of data's
location making it easily retrievable and
hard to censor.

17. FIL COIN

18. FILECOIN BENEFITS AND USE
CASES
A Storage Platform for NFTs (OpenSea)
Resilient to sensorship
Dependable Storage
Variable data
No need for API to store data for every provider
OpenSource

19. LOTUS
Lotus is the reference
implementation for the Filecoin
network
lotus client import 5gb-filecoin-payload.bin
lotus client deal
lotus wallet list
lotus client retrieve --miner f07709
mAVWg5AIgFw51hfKzfy8nRsKHlMtT8/DPBJhn1f9eFyOS
eldlAiE output-file

20. ARWEAVE CLAIMS
“Arweave enables you to store
documents and applications
forever”
“On top of the Arweave network lives the permaweb: a global, community-
owned web that anyone can contribute to or get paid to maintain”
“No more 404s. No more stealth edits. No more web apps that decline in
quality.”

21. THE LIBRARY OF ALEXANDRIA

22. PERMAWEB VS TRADITIONAL WEB
(TC VIEW)

23. ARWEAVE ECOSYSTEM
AR
ARWEAVE
Protocol
Viewblock.i
o
Explorer
ArDrive
Permanent Data
Storage for Everyone

24. BIG PICTURE

25. EXPLORER

26. AR TOKEN

27. ARDRIVE
ArDrive is based on a one-time fee
for permanent use, and the storage
price is about $20 for 1G data
ArDrive is the storage client of Arweave

28. SOME OF THE APPLICATIONS TO
EXPLORE
Weavemail https://ubehghhbg2r5xglof2hplra2w44gehwxgyi5cqiy
eqo2q6yk7kha.arweave.net/oEhzHOE2o9uZbi6O9cQat
zhiHtc2EdFBGCQdqHsK-o4
Forum https://5vbgactgfkjm.arweave.net/3SMZ1RW2xGTBdTi
UznKrkTJTHtYtBs27wm0q2H58Jck#/forum/About%20t
he%20Forum
ArDrive https://ardrive.io/

29. APPLICATIONS THAT USE ARWEAVE

30. MORE INFORMATION ABBOUT
ARWEAVE AND PERMAWEB
https://docs.arweave.org/info/
https://techcrunch.com/2019/11/05/how-arweave-permaweb-
works/
https://docs.arweave.org/info/mining/mining-guide

31. QUESTIONS

32. STAY IN TOUCH
Gene Leybzon https://www.linkedin.com/in/leybzon/
https://www.meetup.com/members/90744
20/
https://www.leybzon.com

33. INSTALLING IPFS • Installing IPFS Node on
GCP from scratch

34. CLOUD CONSOLE, CREATE A NEW
INSTANCE
https://console.cloud.google.com/

35. OPEN PORT 4001

36. SSH INTO NEW INSTANCE

37. INSTALL GO
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:longsleep/golang-backports
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install golang-go
go version

38. INSTALL IPFS
go get -u -d github.com/ipfs/go-ipfs
cd ~/go/src/github.com/ipfs/go-ipfs

39. START IPFS NODE
cd ~/go/bin
./ipfs init
./ipfs daemon

40. PUBLISHING TO IPFS
• How to publish files to
the IPFS node
• How to read objects
from IPFS node

41. PUBLISH A FILE
leybzon@instance-1:~/go/bin$ cd ~
leybzon@instance-1:~$ vi test.html
leybzon@instance-1:~$ ./go/bin/ipfs add -w test.html
added QmTBJ2SCD5Jpkqu3eM6utx4yfviwHBNKGqFgfbP5CcT1zk
test.html
added QmeoBZA3ywRT5wEa6RBuHxF4qaKAK8qSxuxWCr4BpPzT2r 7 B
/ 7 B
[=========================================]
100.00%

42. CHECK THAT THE FILE WAS
PUBLISHED LOCALLY
leybzon@instance-1:~/go/bin$ ./go/bin/ipfs object get
QmTBJ2SCD5Jpkqu3eM6utx4yfviwHBNKGqFgfbP5CcT1
zk{"Links":[],"Data":"u0008u0002u0012u0007testnnnu0018u0007"}u0
012u0007testnnnu0018u0007"}

43. START IPFS DAEMON
leybzon@instance-2:~/go/bin$ ~/go/bin/ipfs daemon
Initializing daemon...go-ipfs version: 0.5.0-dev-049d3b0Repo version: 7
System version: amd64/linuxGolang version: go1.13.4
Swarm listening on /ip4/10.128.0.5/tcp/4001
Swarm listening on /ip4/127.0.0.1/tcp/4001
Swarm listening on /ip6/::1/tcp/4001
Swarm listening on /p2p-circuit
Swarm announcing /ip4/10.128.0.5/tcp/4001
Swarm announcing /ip4/127.0.0.1/tcp/4001
Swarm announcing /ip6/::1/tcp/4001
API server listening on /ip4/127.0.0.1/tcp/5001
WebUI: http://127.0.0.1:5001/webui
Gateway (readonly) server listening on /ip4/127.0.0.1/tcp/8080
Daemon is ready

44. USE INFURA GATEWAY TO GET THE
OBJECT
leybzon@instance-1:~/go/bin$ curl
“https://ipfs.infura.io:5001/api/v0/cat?arg=QmTBJ2SCD5Jpkqu3eM6utx4yfviwHBNKGqFgfbP
5CcT1zk”
test

45. SMART CONTRACT +
IPFS
• How to use IPFS objects in
Smart Contracts
• Creating ERC721 Smart
Contract
• Minting tokens connected
to IPFS objects

46. ERC-721 NFT CONNECTED TO DATA
IPFS
NFT Tokens are
 Unique
 Irreplaceable
 Non-
interchngable
ERC721Full ERC721Mintable
ERC721
ERC721Enumerabl
e
ERC721Metadata
MyNFT
mint1()
mintUniqueTokenT

47. ERC721 SMART CONTRACT 1/2
pragma solidity ^0.5.0;
import 'openzeppelin-solidity/contracts/token/ERC721/ERC721Full.sol';
import 'openzeppelin-solidity/contracts/token/ERC721/ERC721Mintable.sol';
contract MyNFT is ERC721Full, ERC721Mintable {
constructor() ERC721Full("IPFS", "IPFS_DEMO") public {
}
event RecordedIpfsHash(uint256, string);
mapping(uint256 => string) _documents;
function mint1(uint256 _uid, string memory _ipfsHash) public{
_mint(msg.sender, _uid);
_documents[_uid] = _ipfsHash;
emit RecordedIpfsHash(_uid, _ipfsHash);
}

48. ERC721 SMART CONTRACT 2/2
…
function mintUniqueTokenTo(
address _to,
uint256 _tokenId,
string memory _tokenURI,
string memory _ipfsHash
) public
{
super._mint(_to, _tokenId);
super._setTokenURI(_tokenId, _tokenURI);
_documents[_tokenId] = _ipfsHash;
emit RecordedIpfsHash(_tokenId, _ipfsHash);
}
}

49. DEPLOYING SMART CONTRACT TO
BLOCKCHAIN

50. CALLING SMART CONTRACT TO
ISSUE NEW TOKEN

51. VERIFYING THAT THE TOKEN WAS
CREATED SUCCESSFULLY