Chainlink is a decentralized oracle network that allows smart contracts to securely access external data and APIs. It provides smart contracts with data from outside sources through oracle nodes that query, verify, and authenticate external data feeds. Chainlink has built-in price feeds and adapters that allow smart contracts to request data from nodes paid in LINK tokens. The document demonstrates a smart contract using Chainlink to request ETH price data from an API and receive the response once fulfilled.