Approaches to connectivity between blockchains with examples of Chainlink, Cosmos, Kusama, and Polkadot

1. CHAINLINK, COSMOS,
KUSAMA, POLKADOT.
APPROACHES TO THE
"INTERNET OF
BLOCKCHAINS"
Connecting blockchains
Consensus across blockchains
Solutions available today: Chainlink, Cosmos, Kusama,
Polkadot
3/4/2021

3. GRAPH OF THE DAY
Cosmos
Cosmos
Tezos

4. PETRI DISH OF BLOCKCHAINS

5. WHY WE HAVE SO MANY
BLOCKCHAINS?
• No single blockchain will satisfy all requirements w
• Still a lot of room for innovation
• Massive return on investment for creators of new b

6. SOME APPLICATIONS NEED TO
CONNECT TO MULTIPLE
BLOCKCHAINS
• Need to support several use cases that single
blockchain can not satisfy
• Risk mitigation
• Arbitrage
Use cases where solutions will benefit from integrati
with multiple blockchains:
• Supply chain
• Trade finance
• Healthcare
• Aviation

7. INTERPRETABILITY NODE
APPROACH
Application
API API

8. INTERPRETABILITY NODE
APPROACH
Interpretability Node
Application
API

9. INTERPRETABILITY BLOCKCHAIN
APPROACH Application
API

10. LEVELS OF INTEGRATION
Value share
Consistent Data Update
Data Access

11. SOLUTIONS
Chainlink
Cosmos
Polkadot
Kusama

12. CHAINLINK

13. CHAINLINK CONNECTS SMART
CONTRACTS WITH EXTERNAL DATA

14. CHAINLINK EXAMPLE: PRICE
AGREGATION

15. ACCESSING BIN BINANCE API
FROM ETHEREUM USING
CHAINLIKE AND EXTERNAL
ADAPTER

16. WHAT IS COSMOS?
Network and a framework for
interoperability between
blockchains

17. COSMOS FROM THE MOON
Cosmos
Hub
Zone
1
Zone
2
Zone
3
Zone
4

18. COSMOS HUB AND ZONES

19. COSMOS BRIDGING TO ETHEREUM

20. COSMOS PEG ZONE FOR
ETHEREUM Ethereum Smart Contracts: Asset custodians,
capable of taking custody of Ethereum native
tokens and issuing Cosmos native tokens.
Witness: The witness component attests
witness to events in Ethereum. It waits for
100 blocks
Peg zone: The peg zone is a translator
blockchain, built on Tendermint, that allows
users to perform and query transactions
Signer: Signs messages using the secp256k1
signature scheme
Relayer: Batched list (array) of transactions—
signed by the

21. COSMOS USES TENDERMINT
CONSENSUS

22. POLKADOT
Polkadot is a heterogeneous
multi-chain interchange and
translation architecture which
enables customized side-chains to
connect with public blockchains.

23. POLKADOT GOAL IS TO ENABLE OF
TRANSFER ANY TYPE OF DATA
ACROSS ANY TYPE OF BLOCKCHAIN

24. POLKADOT
Is a multi-chain application environment
Can transfer this data across public, open,
permissionless blockchains as well as
private, permissioned blockchains
Can enable applications that get
permissioned data from a private
blockchain and use it on a public
blockchain

25. POLKADOT ECOSYSTEM
PARTICIPANTS
Relay Chain
Responsible for the network’s shared
security, consensus and cross-chain
interoperability
Parachains
Sovereign blockchains that can have their
own tokens and optimize their functionality
for specific use cases.
Parathreads Similar to parachains but with a pay-as-you-go mode
Bridges
Allow parachains and parathreads to
connect and communicate with external
networks

26. NOMINATED PROOF-OF-STAKE

27. POLKADOT RELAY CHAIN

28. POLKADOT TECHNOLOGY STACK

29. POLKADOT NETWORK
INFORMATION

30. POLKADOT GRANDPA CONSENSUS
ALOGO

31. POLKADOT & KUSAMA
Key innovations:
• on-chain decentralized permissionless governance
• hot-swappable runtimes for forkless
• on-chain upgrades
• cross-Chain Message Passing (XCMP)

32. POLKADOT AND COSMOS
Polkadit
Solution to blockchain
interoperability
Sharded model
Uses Web Assembly to run VMs
Has relay chain
Validators are on relay chain
GRANDPA Consensus
Nominated Proof of Stake
Cosmos
Solution to blockchain interoperability
Bridge-hub model
Uses Inter-Blockchain
Communication protocols for
messages between chains
Has relay chain (Hub)
Tendermint consensus
Bonded Proof of Stake (a variant of
Delegated PoS)

33. KUSAMA ≠ POLKADOT
Same
Kusama and Polkadot are both
specialized blockchains
Both are build on
Substrate framework
Share a lot of the same code
Both networks are founded by
Gavin Wood
Both built on a next-generation,
sharded, multichain network
Different
Kusama is experimental R&D
environment build for people
who want to move and innovate
faster
Kusama offers lower economic
barrier to entry

34. QUESTIONS?

36. STAY IN TOUCH
Gene Leybzon https://www.linkedin.com/in/leybzon/
https://www.meetup.com/members/90744
20/
https://www.leybzon.com

37. LAYERS OF BLOCKCHAIN
•Application Support: Responsible for
updating the state given a set of
transactions, i.e. processing transactions
•Consensus: Enables nodes to agree on
the current state of the system
•Networking: Responsible for the
propagation of transactions and
consensus-related messages
Application
Support
Consensus
Networking

38. ETHEREUM
•Application Support:
•Decentralized Applications
(dApps)
•Smart contracts
•Consensus:
•PoW
•PoS
•Networking:
•Peer-to-peer
Application
Support
Consensus
Networking
EVM

39. TWO APPROACHES TO
DEVELOPMENT DAPPS
On top of existing blockchains
Faster time to market
Less barrier to entry for users
Integration with other solutions
already deployed to the
blockchain
As a separate blockchain
Bigger initial investment
Much bigger financial gain
potential
More control
Ability to tune blockchain for
specific needs (time for block
creation, consensus mechanism,
etc)