The document summarizes a fishery analysis of three bass species in Southern California and provides management recommendations. It finds that populations of barred sand bass and kelp bass have declined significantly based on catch per unit effort and other data. Recreational fishing groups suggested bag limit reductions or slot limits while environmental groups were concerned about kelp bass and barred sand bass. The department recommends increasing minimum size limits, decreasing bag limits, and implementing a partial spawning season closure for barred sand bass to allow populations to recover through increased spawning opportunities. An adaptive management approach is suggested to evaluate regulations.
Presentation to the New England Estuaries Research Society 2012 provided by TNC staff on oyster restoration and establishing ecological baselines in RI.
The document discusses Canada's oil sands and their importance. It provides a map showing the various oil sands projects located across three major deposits in Alberta. It outlines the two main extraction technologies used - mining and in situ drilling. Mining is used for shallow reserves while in situ methods like cyclic steam stimulation and steam assisted gravity drainage are used for deeper reserves. The oil sands are an important resource as global energy demand rises and conventional oil sources decline. Canada's oil sands represent one of the largest reserves of accessible oil in the world.
Presentation of Antonio D. Santiago for the "2nd Workshop on the Impact of New Technologies on the Sustainability of the Sugarcane/Bioethanol Production Cycle"
Apresentação de Antonio D. Santiago realizada no "2nd Workshop on the Impact of New Technologies on the Sustainability of the Sugarcane/Bioethanol Production Cycle "
Date / Data : Novr 11th - 12th 2009/
11 e 12 de novembro de 2009
Place / Local: CTBE, Campinas, Brazil
Event Website / Website do evento: http://www.bioetanol.org.br/workshop5
This study analyzed historical tag and recapture data from over 8,600 barred sand bass tagged in southern California between the 1960s and 1990s to understand their spawning-related movements. The data suggest barred sand bass reside at spawning grounds like Huntington Beach Flats for approximately one month during peak spawning season. While most non-spawning season recaptures occurred within 1 km of spawning locations, migrant fish averaged 13 km in movement away from spawning sites after spawning. The study also found evidence of site fidelity, as barred sand bass tended to return to the same spawning locations in subsequent years.
Barred sand bass in southern California display spawning site fidelity and migrate up to tens of kilometers between spawning and non-spawning sites based on two decades of tagging data. Analysis of over 8,600 tagged fish found an average return rate of 11% and maximum migration distance of 92 km. Spawning residency at aggregation sites was estimated at 7-35 days, with secondary peaks possibly related to lunar cycles. Migrant fish moved on average 13 km from spawning to non-spawning sites. Over 80% of fish recaptured in subsequent spawning seasons returned to their original tagging location, demonstrating high spawning site fidelity. These findings suggest barred sand bass form transient spawning aggregations and warrant precautionary
The document summarizes a fishery analysis of three bass species in Southern California and provides management recommendations. It finds that populations of barred sand bass and kelp bass have sharply declined based on catch per unit effort data from 1980-2011. Spotted sand bass populations appear stable. Recommendations include increasing minimum size limits, decreasing bag limits, and implementing a partial seasonal closure for barred sand bass to protect spawning aggregations. An adaptive management approach is advocated to balance fishery sustainability with recreational fishing opportunities.
We would like to update text and add new data on barred sand bass to an existing DFG web page. We also request adding 5 new links to publications and presentations on the same page. Files containing the updated text and links are provided for the web page updates.
The document summarizes research being conducted on barred sand bass by the Fisheries Independent/Scuba Assessment Project. The project is studying barred sand bass spawning movements and habitat use through acoustic tagging of fish and analysis of historical tagging data. They are also characterizing barred sand bass spawning habitat and seeking to determine spawning frequency by examining ovaries for evidence of recent spawning. The goal is to improve understanding of barred sand bass biology and behavior to better inform management of this important recreational fishery.
Presentation to the New England Estuaries Research Society 2012 provided by TNC staff on oyster restoration and establishing ecological baselines in RI.
The document discusses Canada's oil sands and their importance. It provides a map showing the various oil sands projects located across three major deposits in Alberta. It outlines the two main extraction technologies used - mining and in situ drilling. Mining is used for shallow reserves while in situ methods like cyclic steam stimulation and steam assisted gravity drainage are used for deeper reserves. The oil sands are an important resource as global energy demand rises and conventional oil sources decline. Canada's oil sands represent one of the largest reserves of accessible oil in the world.
Presentation of Antonio D. Santiago for the "2nd Workshop on the Impact of New Technologies on the Sustainability of the Sugarcane/Bioethanol Production Cycle"
Apresentação de Antonio D. Santiago realizada no "2nd Workshop on the Impact of New Technologies on the Sustainability of the Sugarcane/Bioethanol Production Cycle "
Date / Data : Novr 11th - 12th 2009/
11 e 12 de novembro de 2009
Place / Local: CTBE, Campinas, Brazil
Event Website / Website do evento: http://www.bioetanol.org.br/workshop5
This study analyzed historical tag and recapture data from over 8,600 barred sand bass tagged in southern California between the 1960s and 1990s to understand their spawning-related movements. The data suggest barred sand bass reside at spawning grounds like Huntington Beach Flats for approximately one month during peak spawning season. While most non-spawning season recaptures occurred within 1 km of spawning locations, migrant fish averaged 13 km in movement away from spawning sites after spawning. The study also found evidence of site fidelity, as barred sand bass tended to return to the same spawning locations in subsequent years.
Barred sand bass in southern California display spawning site fidelity and migrate up to tens of kilometers between spawning and non-spawning sites based on two decades of tagging data. Analysis of over 8,600 tagged fish found an average return rate of 11% and maximum migration distance of 92 km. Spawning residency at aggregation sites was estimated at 7-35 days, with secondary peaks possibly related to lunar cycles. Migrant fish moved on average 13 km from spawning to non-spawning sites. Over 80% of fish recaptured in subsequent spawning seasons returned to their original tagging location, demonstrating high spawning site fidelity. These findings suggest barred sand bass form transient spawning aggregations and warrant precautionary
The document summarizes a fishery analysis of three bass species in Southern California and provides management recommendations. It finds that populations of barred sand bass and kelp bass have sharply declined based on catch per unit effort data from 1980-2011. Spotted sand bass populations appear stable. Recommendations include increasing minimum size limits, decreasing bag limits, and implementing a partial seasonal closure for barred sand bass to protect spawning aggregations. An adaptive management approach is advocated to balance fishery sustainability with recreational fishing opportunities.
We would like to update text and add new data on barred sand bass to an existing DFG web page. We also request adding 5 new links to publications and presentations on the same page. Files containing the updated text and links are provided for the web page updates.
The document summarizes research being conducted on barred sand bass by the Fisheries Independent/Scuba Assessment Project. The project is studying barred sand bass spawning movements and habitat use through acoustic tagging of fish and analysis of historical tagging data. They are also characterizing barred sand bass spawning habitat and seeking to determine spawning frequency by examining ovaries for evidence of recent spawning. The goal is to improve understanding of barred sand bass biology and behavior to better inform management of this important recreational fishery.
8 20121127 round table fisheries ms kathrine michalsenInnovation Norway
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The Arctic charr population in Lake Windermere has declined in recent decades as water temperatures have risen. Analysis of archived samples from 1985-2010 found the diets of key fish species have shifted, indicating changes to the lake's food web. Specifically, the expansion of the invasive roach population has disrupted nearshore and offshore carbon and energy flows, with Arctic charr consuming less nearshore invertebrates and plankton over time, and pike switching from charr to roach in their diet. These diet shifts reflect wider effects on the lake ecosystem from climate change and species invasions.
This document provides an updated assessment of the population status of smooth skate in the Funk Island Deep designatable unit in Newfoundland and Labrador waters. Survey indices show declines in both abundance and distribution since the 1980s. A Bayesian surplus production model is used to project population response to different levels of fishing mortality over time to inform conservation strategies under Canada's Species at Risk Act. The population was designated endangered by COSEWIC due to its substantial and prolonged decline.
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The document summarizes fishing conditions and stocking plans for Pyramid Lake. It reports that catch rates have declined since 2004 but stocking rates have also decreased due to hatchery limitations. Approximately 670,000 fish aged 3-4 inches will be stocked in Pyramid Lake by December from over 800,000 hatched LCT. The Sutcliffe boat launch has opened, and angler data on tagged fish is being collected to inform stocking strategies.
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2. The study uses GIS-based modeling of environmental and archaeological data to create maps predicting areas of high potential for finding submerged sites along the continental shelf.
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Climate change is affecting coastal ecosystems and fisheries through changes in temperatures, currents and weather patterns. This impacts organisms and communities. The document examines these climate impacts in the Philippines province of Aurora through analysis of coral cover, fish abundance, biomass and sea surface temperature data from 2003-2006. The results suggest climate change has contributed to declines in coral cover and fish stocks in the area.
plight of coral reefs in Trinidad and Tobagobarrylove98
The document discusses the plight of coral reefs in Trinidad and Tobago and the work of the Buccoo Reef Trust to research, educate about, and conserve these reefs. It finds that coral bleaching in 2005 killed 66% of hard corals on Tobago's reefs. Long-term monitoring shows some reefs increasing in live coral while others are decreasing or unchanged, with the lowest coral levels on reefs near developed areas impacted by sedimentation and pollution. Recommendations include policies to reduce sedimentation from land and treat wastewater, and creating new marine protected areas.
This document describes a unique investment opportunity involving 650 hectares of land in Cabo Escondido, Mexico. The land has over a mile of ocean frontage and beaches, and is zoned for hotel, residential, and commercial development. It is one of the last large beachfront parcels available near Los Cabos. Market research shows strong demand for oceanfront properties in Los Cabos, with lot prices ranging from $500,000 to over $10 million. Developing Cabo Escondido would take advantage of the growing tourism market and infrastructure improvements planned for the area.
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Twenty-five years of lake management on Devils Lake in Oregon was celebrated as a silver anniversary. The lake has faced many challenges over the decades from excessive algae and weed growth due to sewage and agricultural runoff. In the 1980s, grass carp were introduced to control the weeds, which led to the total eradication of submerged plants but also harmful algae blooms. Today, the Devils Lake Water Improvement District continues efforts like water quality monitoring, septic system improvements, and native plant revegetation to improve the lake's health.
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Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
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at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
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8 20121127 round table fisheries ms kathrine michalsenInnovation Norway
The document discusses sustainable fisheries management in Norway. It describes how overfishing in the 1960s-70s depleted fish stocks and served as a lesson. Key elements of sustainable management introduced include catch limits, individual quotas, limiting access, and international cooperation. These measures have led to increased spawning stocks, reduced fishing pressure per fisherman, and more stable incomes while optimizing long-term yields. The future of fisheries depends on continued sustainable management and cooperation.
The Arctic charr population in Lake Windermere has declined in recent decades as water temperatures have risen. Analysis of archived samples from 1985-2010 found the diets of key fish species have shifted, indicating changes to the lake's food web. Specifically, the expansion of the invasive roach population has disrupted nearshore and offshore carbon and energy flows, with Arctic charr consuming less nearshore invertebrates and plankton over time, and pike switching from charr to roach in their diet. These diet shifts reflect wider effects on the lake ecosystem from climate change and species invasions.
This document provides an updated assessment of the population status of smooth skate in the Funk Island Deep designatable unit in Newfoundland and Labrador waters. Survey indices show declines in both abundance and distribution since the 1980s. A Bayesian surplus production model is used to project population response to different levels of fishing mortality over time to inform conservation strategies under Canada's Species at Risk Act. The population was designated endangered by COSEWIC due to its substantial and prolonged decline.
Radjawali 2012 taking the sea to market - commodification of marine resourc...Irendra Radjawali
This document summarizes Irendra Radjawali's presentation on the commodification of marine resources in Southeast Asia. It discusses how tuna, shark fins, tourism, ornamental fish like clownfish, and live reef food fish have been commodified. It focuses on the live reef food fish trade, describing the fishing and trading networks that span from small island communities to markets in Hong Kong and beyond. It notes concerns around the environmental and social impacts of these practices and commodification more broadly.
Aquarium collecting for the U.S. mainland aquarium hobby has decimated Hawaii reefs. Learn about the impacts and what you can do to help protect Hawaii reefs and wildlife from the aquarium trade.
This document describes a study that tagged and translocated 80 platform-associated groundfish from three oil platforms in the Santa Barbara Channel to Anacapa Island Marine Reserve. The goal was to determine if translocated fish would home back to their original platforms. Some species like lingcod, vermilion rockfish, copper rockfish, and brown rockfish demonstrated homing abilities, traveling distances up to 19.5 km over periods ranging from 10.5 hours to 18 days. While many individuals exhibited site fidelity to their original platforms, there was also variability between species and individuals. The results have implications for mitigating the effects of platform decommissioning in California.
The document summarizes fishing conditions and stocking plans for Pyramid Lake. It reports that catch rates have declined since 2004 but stocking rates have also decreased due to hatchery limitations. Approximately 670,000 fish aged 3-4 inches will be stocked in Pyramid Lake by December from over 800,000 hatched LCT. The Sutcliffe boat launch has opened, and angler data on tagged fish is being collected to inform stocking strategies.
CoRAL - is an acronym for Coral Restoration, Awareness and Livelihood. It is a holistic approach to marine conservation integrating natural techniques for coral propagation, marine protected areas, awareness campaign and community-based livelihood
2011 Perspective on DoD’s Efforts Relating to Legacy Underwater Military Munit…Geoffrey Carton
Presentation from 3rd International Dialogue on Underwater Munitions, Sopot, Poland. Provides an overview of US efforts (such as site inventory, safety outreach and research) concerning munitions in the underwater environment.
1. The document discusses an archaeological study in Southeast Alaska that aims to locate submerged sites from the period of 10,500 to 16,000 years ago, when sea levels were lower and more land was exposed.
2. The study uses GIS-based modeling of environmental and archaeological data to create maps predicting areas of high potential for finding submerged sites along the continental shelf.
3. Underwater surveys in the study area of Shakan Bay found several acoustic anomalies that could indicate archaeological features like fish weirs or settlements. However, further investigation was unable to locate any definite sites.
The document discusses the plight of coral reefs in Trinidad and Tobago. It outlines the Buccoo Reef Trust's strategy of research, education, and conservation to protect coral reefs. It describes the value of coral reefs through tourism, fisheries, and shoreline protection. It also discusses threats to coral reefs like coral bleaching caused by rising water temperatures, sedimentation from land clearing/development, and diseases. Monitoring results show a general decline in live coral cover and increase in threats like sedimentation and disease. It recommends policies and marine protected areas to enhance protection of these valuable ecosystems.
Climate change is affecting coastal ecosystems and fisheries through changes in temperatures, currents and weather patterns. This impacts organisms and communities. The document examines these climate impacts in the Philippines province of Aurora through analysis of coral cover, fish abundance, biomass and sea surface temperature data from 2003-2006. The results suggest climate change has contributed to declines in coral cover and fish stocks in the area.
plight of coral reefs in Trinidad and Tobagobarrylove98
The document discusses the plight of coral reefs in Trinidad and Tobago and the work of the Buccoo Reef Trust to research, educate about, and conserve these reefs. It finds that coral bleaching in 2005 killed 66% of hard corals on Tobago's reefs. Long-term monitoring shows some reefs increasing in live coral while others are decreasing or unchanged, with the lowest coral levels on reefs near developed areas impacted by sedimentation and pollution. Recommendations include policies to reduce sedimentation from land and treat wastewater, and creating new marine protected areas.
This document describes a unique investment opportunity involving 650 hectares of land in Cabo Escondido, Mexico. The land has over a mile of ocean frontage and beaches, and is zoned for hotel, residential, and commercial development. It is one of the last large beachfront parcels available near Los Cabos. Market research shows strong demand for oceanfront properties in Los Cabos, with lot prices ranging from $500,000 to over $10 million. Developing Cabo Escondido would take advantage of the growing tourism market and infrastructure improvements planned for the area.
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at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
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Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
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বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
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বাংলাদেশ অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা (Economic Review) ২০২৪ UJS App.pdf
Web update fisheries independent
1. Fishery Analysis on the Basses
in Southern California
E.T. Jarvis, H.L. Gliniak, and C.F. Valle
Marine Resources Committee Mtg.
Santa Barbara, California
January 18, 2012
2. Overview
• Background
• Summary of fishery
analysis
• Management options
for consideration
• Department
recommendations Photo: Tom Schabow
3. Policies for Achieving the Goals of the
Marine Life Management Act (MLMA)
1. Science
2. Constituent Involvement
3. Adaptive Management
4. Socio-Economic Considerations
Photos: DFG
4. Kelp Bass, Paralabrax clathratus
• Range: Columbia River, WA/OR
border to Magdalena Bay, Baja
• Associated with kelp/rocky reef
• Popular recreational fishery
since 1940s
• Mainland and island fishery Photo: Rob Johnson
5. Barred Sand Bass, Paralabrax nebulifer
• Range: Santa Cruz, CA to
Magdalena Bay, Baja
• Associated with sand/reef
• Popular recreational fishery
since 1970s
• Mainland fishery (spawning Photo: author unknown
aggregations)
6. Spotted Sand Bass, Paralabrax maculatofasciatus
• Range: Monterey, CA to
Mazatlan, Mexico/Gulf of Calif.
• Associated with bays/harbors
• Popular recreational fishery
since 1980s
• Mainland fishery (catch-and-
release) Photo: Dave Rudie
9. CPFV catch per unit effort (CPUE)
(1980-2011)
Barred sand bass
CPUE (fish/angler)
Kelp bass
10. Hyperstability
and Population Size
10,000 k Populat
g ion Size
1,000 k
g
100 kg
10 kg
Catch rates over time
Modified from Larry G. Allen, 10-18-10
11. Hyperstability
and Catch Ranges
Catch
range Catch
when fish range
are when fish
abundant are scarce
Catch rates
North South
Modified from http://fish.washington.edu/
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18. Fishery-Independent Datasets
DATA TYPE ORGANIZATION LIFE STAGE
Larval Abundance CalCOFI Larvae/recruits
Recruitment PISCO
Fish Entrapment Edison Sub-adults
Gill Net Bycatch CSUN
Hubbs Sea World
SCUBA Surveys Reef Check Adults
NPS
PISCO
Occidental College
SF State Univ.
20. Island SCUBA Transects
(1985-2010): Adults
Kelp bass
12
10 Santa Cruz Island
Mean density
Anacapa Island
8
(fish/100 m2)
6
4
2
0
1990
1995
2000
2005
1985
2010
31. The Basses are Different
• Steep catch declines • Smooth catch declines
• Mainland fishery • Mainland/Island fishery
• Very large, localized • Smaller, broadly
spawning aggregations distributed spawning
aggregations
• Range less to the north • Range farther north
• Kelp habitat important
= HIGHER LEVEL OF CONCERN
32. Management Goals and
Considerations
1) Provide measures that will favor a
population rebound for the basses.
• Reduction in bag limit?
• Change in size limit?
33. Management Goals and
Considerations
2) Protect barred sand bass spawning
population.
• Seasonal closure?
• Seasonal reduction in bag limit?
34. Constituent Input
Recreational Fishing Groups
Bag limit reduction
Slot limits
No slot limits
Minimum size limit increase
Catch-and-release only for spotted sand bass
Environmental Groups
Concern for kelp bass and barred sand bass
Explore management options
Partial season closure for barred sand bass
35. Percent Reduction in Catch under
Hypothetical Bag Limits
In-season 3 fish bag limit
Data source: California Recreational Fisheries Survey, 2004-2010
36. Percent Reduction in Catch under
Hypothetical Minimum Size Limits
Data source: California Recreational Fisheries Survey, 2004-2010
37. Avg. Percent Reduction in Catch under Various
2-wk Closures
Barred sand bass
50
40
30
%
20
10
0
Wks 1-2 Wks 3-4 Wks 1-2 Wks 3-4 Wks 1-2 Wks 3-4
JUNE JULY AUGUST
Data source: CPFV logbooks, 2004-2010
38. Summary
• Environment and
fishing have affected
our bass populations
• Precautionary
management
measures appear Artist: Kelly Day Spady
prudent
39. Recommendations
• Increase minimum size limit
– Allows for at least 1 additional year of spawning
• Decrease bag limit
– Allows for modest savings
• Partial spawning season closure
– Allows for uninterrupted spawning activity
40. Recommendations
• Continue to evaluate
regulation
effectiveness
• Take adaptive
management
approach to
maximize fishing
opportunities Artist: Kelly Day Spady
Today I will start with a brief background on the three basses in southern California followed by the results of our fishery analysis, management options to consider, and Department recommendations for going forward.
During the fishery and management evaluation process, the Department was guided by the Marine Life Management Act. We attempted to obtain the best available science for conducting a thorough fishery analysis and later shared a brief summary of our results with our constituents to obtain their input. The last two policies listed here were considered when we explored different management options and recommendations.
Of the three basses, kelp bass range the farthest north and prefer kelp/rock habitat. It is the most historical fishery of the three species, and is targeted along the mainland coast and at the islands.
Barred sand bass range less to the north and prefer sand/reef habitat. It has been popular since the 1970s and is primarily a mainland fishery. Barred sand bass are unique from the other two basses in that they form very large spawning aggregations at predictable times and locations, which makes them extremely vulnerable to harvest impacts.
Spotted sand bass can be caught as far south as Mazatlan, Mexico, including the Gulf of California. They are caught within bays and harbors, and this fishery didn’t become popular until the 1980s. Approximately 94% of spotted sand bass are caught and released.
Here is a figure of the percent of harvested catch by fishing mode. Party/charter modes (in green) comprise a large percent of the total barred sand bass and kelp bass catch, while the private/rental mode comprises the majority of spotted sand bass catch. The basses have been successfully managed under the same bag and size limits for over 50 years: 10 fish in combination, 12-inch minimum size limit. However, in recent years, concerns have been raised regarding the basses, especially for kelp bass and barred sand bass. Spotted sand bass were more recently mentioned in public comment at Commission Meetings; however, our analysis is focused on barred sand bass and kelp bass . . . spotted sand bass will be revisited when we address management options.
Growing concerns in recent years have centered around significant catch declines for barred sand bass and kelp bass. These data are commercial passenger fishing vessel landings from 1980 to 2011. As you can see, catch declines for barred sand bass have been more dramatic and have occurred over a shorter period of time. In 2010, the Department initiated an in-depth fishery analysis for both species.
Initially, we looked at trends in catch per unit effort because in some instances, CPUE may reflect changes in population abundance. Here we see that although landings for both species showed declines, trends in CPUE were relatively stable over the past 30 years, with the exception of barred sand bass, which shows a dramatic decline after 2004. Unfortunately, catch data alone are inadequate to address the status of these fisheries.
This is a graphic presented during Dr. Erisman’s talk in Oct. 2010, and has been slightly modified. Hyperstability is especially relevant to kelp bass and barred sand bass. Due to the aggregating behavior of both species and because their aggregations can be targeted, it is possible that a period of hyperstability in catches can disguise actual trends in the population. This has been demonstrated for many aggregate spawners world-wide. For example, catch per unit effort may remain stable over time even though the actual population size is decreasing. We must look to other indices of abundance to determine whether catches are indeed depressed.
Hyperstability can also influence catch ranges. In theory, when fish of an aggregating species are abundant, catch rates are high over a large geographic range, and when the fish are scarce, catch rates remain high only within a smaller geographic range.
Today I will start with a brief background on the three basses in southern California followed by the results of our fishery analysis, management options to consider, and Department recommendations for going forward.
Today I will start with a brief background on the three basses in southern California followed by the results of our fishery analysis, management options to consider, and Department recommendations for going forward.
Today I will start with a brief background on the three basses in southern California followed by the results of our fishery analysis, management options to consider, and Department recommendations for going forward.
Today I will start with a brief background on the three basses in southern California followed by the results of our fishery analysis, management options to consider, and Department recommendations for going forward.
Today I will start with a brief background on the three basses in southern California followed by the results of our fishery analysis, management options to consider, and Department recommendations for going forward.
Today I will start with a brief background on the three basses in southern California followed by the results of our fishery analysis, management options to consider, and Department recommendations for going forward.
To examine trends in fish availability over time, we obtained fishery-independent datasets from a variety of organizations. Our goal was to obtain data across all life stages, and today we will be sharing with you representative datasets for each life stage.
These graphs represent trends in adult densities of barred sand bass and kelp bass on the mainland. Barred sand bass densities peaked twice; once in 1985 and again in 2000; while kelp bass densities peaked in the early 1980s, declining in the mid 1990s. In both cases, densities in recent years are near or at the same densities observed in the late 1970s.
Densities of adult kelp bass at Santa Cruz and Anacapa islands were highest in the 1980s before dropping off in the mid 1990s.
Subadult barred sand bass and kelp bass are occasionally sucked into coastal power plant pipes during the power plant cooling process. Barred sand bass and kelp bass abundances were highest in the 1980s and 1990s. Over the last 10 years, subadult abundances have dropped back down to levels observed in the late 1970s.
The longest fishery independent data source for the basses is larval abundance data. The rockbasses include all 3 bass species; however these data primarily represent barred sand bass and kelp bass. Rockbass larval abundance peaked in the 1980s and 1990s, with two low periods before and after. So across the three life stages there appears to be a pattern emerging in the abundance data. We believe this pattern is related to changing oceanographic conditions over the last several decades.
If we look at the long-term trends in the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, we can see that in the mid-to-late 70s we were just coming out of a cold regime. In the 1980s and 1990s we were in a warm regime, and following 1998, we entered a cooler water period again. The timing of the low periods of adult, subadult, and larval abundance suggests that kelp bass and barred sand bass populations may be responding to changes in oceanic conditions. During warmer water years, the populations appear to do better.
For example, when we plot the historical larval abundance time series by oceanographic regime, we do in fact see that larval abundance peaked more frequently during the warm regime than any other period.
Historical catches of kelp bass and barred sand bass also appeared to be affected by oceanographic changes. Historically, kelp bass was noted to be the “mainstay” of the fishery, and barred sand bass were considered scarce, especially during cool periods. Beginning in the mid-to-late 70s, barred sand bass became more available and their catches notably increased. You will also notice that prior to the emergence of the barred sand bass fishery, kelp bass catches dramatically declined. Looking further into recreational catch trends during this time period, we discovered a dramatic increase in catches of rockfish, which we know favor cooler ocean temperatures.
We also investigated the affect of kelp canopy coverage on kelp bass densities. Several studies have shown a positive relationship between kelp and kelp bass densities at small spatial scales. In this example, we have kelp canopy coverage off San Onofre and numbers of kelp bass entrained by the nearby power plant. Interestingly, temporal trends in kelp bass abundances lag kelp canopy coverage by 2 years, the approximate age of entrained kelp bass. This relationship is important to consider because during warm oceanic regimes, kelp can be destroyed by El Nino conditions and heavy storms. This could partially explain why kelp bass numbers began to decrease in the mid-90s.
Next, we looked to length data to gauge relative fishery recruitment strength over time. Because we have a minimum size limit, the most frequently observed age class in any given year should generally be the fishery recruits. The gray area represents the approximate age of fishery recruits. For a period of time after 2005, the dominant age class increased in age in successive years. This indicates that either the fishery suffered from poor fishery recruitment during those years or that those fish represent a very successful year class. Back-calculating, we determined that these fish represent the 1997 year class. If we look at CPFV CPUE during this time period, we see that this period coincides with the dramatic decline in CPUE. Thus, fishery recruitment must have been poor for several years. In effect, we were fishing down the available catch because there were fewer fishery recruits to supplement the fishery.
We did the same analysis for kelp bass. And interestingly enough, we observed a similar trend. During the same time period, fishery recruitment was poor and resulted in fishing down the available catch. This indicates to us that population recruitment failure must have occurred several years in a row, specifically, in 1998, 1999, and 2000.
The time frame in question is highlighted here in red. Taking a look at the larval abundance data again, we see that larval abundance was extremely low during this period. It is possible that cooler ocean temperatures reduced larval survival. And it is also possible that reduced densities of adult kelp bass during the 1990s contributed to reduced larval abundances.
In a separate analysis, we plotted the size structure of harvested catch (fish that are kept). Each colored bar represents a different size class, and potentially, a different age class. Despite fewer numbers of kelp bass and barred sand bass in recent years, the sizes of fish in the harvested catch over the entire 35-yr time period include at least 12 different age classes. Having many different age classes represented in the catch indicates to us that the population has maintained a stable size structure over time. A stable size structure is not characteristic of a collapsed fishery. However, if the depressed populations experience a prolonged period of recruitment failure, we could see dramatic changes in the size structure of the catch.
Given the apparent depressed status of each fishery, we have concern for both species; however, the degree of regulatory action, should be dictated by the level of concern for each species. For example, barred sand bass will likely require extra protection because they may be more affected by cooler ocean temperatures and because they form relatively larger, more localized, and more intensely targeted spawning aggregations.
All three species of bass are warm temperate species whose populations are susceptible to recruitment failure during cooler oceanic periods. Due to the uncertainty in the actual spawning stock biomass for each species and in what the oceanic conditions will be like in the near future, precautionary management measures appear prudent. Thus, we feel that during these suboptimal environmental conditions, one of our goals should be to mitigate fishing effects in order to favor population rebounds of our basses. We have discussed traditional management options with our constituents, including a reduction in the bag limit and a change in the size limit.
We also mentioned providing measures to protect barred sand bass during spawning season in the form of either a seasonal closure or an in-season reduction in the bag limit.
Constituent input during our outreach efforts varied widely.
This graphic portrays the percent savings under various hypothetical bag limits. Because spotted sand bass are primarily released, we can see that the savings is minimal under various bag limits relative to the other two species. For barred sand bass and kelp bass, percent savings are minimal to modest under hypothetical bag limits of 9, 7, and 5 fish. This is because the vast majority of bags in this analysis contained 5 fish or fewer. If we consider an in-season regulation to reduce the bag limit for barred sand bass to 3 fish, the savings would be approximately 27%. You can see that this provides similar savings to having a year-round 3-fish bag limit.
This graphic displays percent savings under various hypothetical minimum size limits. Minimum size limits can provide the highest fishery yield in weight for fisheries. Our current size limit is based on a maximum fishery yield between 12 and 13 inches. In the case of spotted sand bass, we can see that increasing the minimum size limit to 13 inches would provide 40% savings in harvested fish, significantly more savings than a reduction in the bag limit. Increasing the limit to 13 inches provides almost twice the savings for kelp bass as it does for barred sand bass.
This graphic displays the percent savings of fish caught during peak spawning season by 2 wk intervals. Peak spawning season is from June to August. A barred sand bass closure during the last two weeks of July would offer the highest percent savings.
Bass populations have become depressed in recent years in part due to cooler ocean conditions and fishing. Thus, we feel it important to consider management measures that will favor fishery enhancement.
The Department recommends a bag limit reduction and minimum size limit increase for all three basses. A bag limit reduction would provide modest savings, and an increase in the minimum size limit would allow for at least 1 additional year of spawning. In addition, we recommend a partial season closure for barred sand bass to allow for a period of time with uninterrupted spawning activity.
After considering the influence of oceanic changes on catches, we feel it will be important going forward to continue to evaluate regulation effectiveness. This should allow for periodic changes to management in order to maximize fishing opportunities for the basses in the future.