project based on web technology and networking for the purpose of ITT organized by ICAI

1. TECHNOLOGY
&
SOCIAL NETWORK
VIJAY BANSAL
NRO0378557
Roll No. 29
March 10, 2016 1

2. Acknowledgment
I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to The
Institute of Chartered Accountant of India(ICAI) as well as
ITT facility Shilpa Kaushik who gave me the golden
opportunity to do this wonderful project on the topic Web
Technology & Social Network which also helped me in doing a
lot of Research and I came to know about so many new things I
am really thankful to them.
Secondly I would also like to thank my parents and friends who
helped me a lot in finalizing this project within the limited time
frame.
2

3. Index
1) Acknowledgment ………3
2) Definition of Web Technology ………4
3) Fetching pages over the internet
………5
4) Fetching Pages over the Internet
………6
5) Hyper Text Transfer Protocol(HTTP)
………7
6) Uniform Resource Locators(URL’s)
………8
7) Example: ………9
8) IP Addresses and DNS
………10
9) Domain Names Top
………11
10) Level Domains ………12
11) Second Level Domains
………13 3

4. Definition of Web Technology
 A technology which acts as in interface between web
servers and clients. It includes markup languages,
programming interfaces, standards to define document
identity and display. Basically web technology is the
process which allows two more computing devices over
a network.
some examples of web technologies include:
 Mark-up languages including HTML, CSS, XML, CGI
and HTTP;
 Programming Languages and Technologies which help
in creating applications for the web; some of the
languages are Perl, C#, Java and Visual Basic .NET;
4

5. Fetching Pages Over The
Internet
 Architecturally, the internet consist of a
collection of layers, each one
providing services for the one above it:
The Internet layer gets packets to their
destinations.
The Transport layer sends streams of data;
The Application layer provides high-level
services to
applications such as Web browsers.
5

6. Fetching Pages Over The
Internet
Internet Protocol Layer
6

7. Hyper Text Transfer
Protocol(HTTP)
HTTP makes use of TCP to open connections
between clients and servers and to pass the
requests and responses between them.
When a user clients a link or types a web address:
1. A TCP connection is opened between browser and
server.
2. Then requests and responses are sent back and
forth using
HTTP.
HTTP is a stateless protocol, meaning each
request for data is dealt with in isolation; once
the server sends the response it forgets
everything about the original request.
7

8. Uniform Resource
Locators(URL’s)
Without a universal addressing mechanism, it
would be impossible to navigate a site, and page
linking would not be feasible
Uniform Resource Locator(URL’s) are used to
identify web pages – basically a URL is a web
address
URLs have 3 components:
A prefix (usually http://)
A Hostname: (such as www.icai.org)
A Path: (such as /new_category.html?c_id=218)
8

9. Example:
http://www.icaionlineregistration.org/index.htm
l
Prefix
The transfer protocol
required to request
data from the server
Host Name
Identifies a
particular computer
somewhere on the
internet
Pat
h
Identifies a file within
a hierarchical
director structure on
the server
9

10. IP Addresses and DNS
Every computer connected to the
internet must have a unique IP
address, no matter whether it’s a client
or a server (or both)
An IP address is just a number that
identifies a host on the internet.
Example:
116.74.15.1
The Domain Name System(DNS) is a
database that matches IP address to host
10

11. Domain Names
And the Domain Name System(DNS)
translates host names into IP addresses,
which are then used by TCP to establish
connections between HTTP clients and
servers.
Domain names are administered in such a
way that they are guaranteed to be
unique.
Domain names are organized in a
hierarchical structure…..
11

12. Top Level Domains
www.google.co.in
www.amazon.co.in
www.facebook.com
www.apple.com
Top Level Domain(TLD)
Mostly country domains:
.uk .au .in .jp
Generic Top Level Domain
.com
.org
.net
.biz
.info
.name
.tv
.mobi
12

13. Second Level Domains
www.google.co.in
www.amazon.co.in
www.facebook.com
www.apple.com
The actual name of the
organization of service.
Can contain letters
(a to z)
Numbers (0 to 9),
dashes( -)
13

14. Third Level, or Sub Domains
www.google.co.in
Sweb.cityu.edu.hk
www.facebook.com
store.apple.com
Seminars.apple.com
Strings of characters
that designate
different services, or
hosts within the
second level domain.
Example “www” for the
core or main website,
“sweb” for SCM’s sub
-network within cityU
14

15. Linking Domain Name and IP
Addresses
A domain name, once registered, needs to be
associated with a fixed IP address of a web
server on the internet.
When you register and setup a new domain name,
you need to enter details of at least 2 name
servers.
These name servers are special internet servers that
implement a name service protocol
They may be provided by a web hosting service, or a
domain registration service.
They link a domain name to the specific IP address
assigned for a website
15

16. Domain Names… not just
websites
Once your domain name is assigned a
specific IP host you can:
 Set up and run a
website(www.icai.org)
 Set up e-mail accounts(info@icai.org)
 Set up file transfer
capabilities(ftp.icai.org)
16

17. Home Page Naming
For –
http://www.icai.org
…there must be a default HTML page
that is displaying as the home page. In
the case of ICAI, it is…
http://www.icai.org/index.html
…meaning index.html is the default
HTML page in the root directory of the
server.
17

18. Server Software
Just connecting a computer to the internet
and giving it an IP address does not
make it a web server. Server computers
have to run special web server software
to open TCP connections and respond to
HTTP requests.
The two most common web server
applications are:
apache (UNIX-based, open source) 50%*
IIS – internet information services(Microsoft)
36%*
* Percent of all websites served on the internet: Sept.
18

19. Summary
Uniform Resource locator(URL)
The common addressing mechanism used to navigate the web
http://www.icaionlineregistration.org/index.html
prefix host name,
the transfer protocol at the domain name
Applications layer; hypertext
Transfer protocol(HTTP) is
Used to request web pages
And related data from a server
identifies a particular computer
or server somewhere on the
internet.
The Domain Name System
translate Internet Protocol(IP)
Addresses into unique
Recognizable names that have to
Be registered with assigned
Domain registration services.
Second- or sub level domains
Can identify different servers or
Services within the same domain.
Path, pathname
Identifies a file within a
Hierarchical directory structure
On the server.
Paths can be Absolute(that is,
Hierarchical from the top of the
File system or volume), or
Relative(that is, hierarchical
from the top of a designated
Working directory/ root
Directory.
Relative paths are much
Preferred for creating and
Managing groups of web pages
And resources within a site.
19

20. Social Network
Social networking is the use of internet-based
social media programs to make connections with
friends, family, classmates, customers and
clients. Social networking can be done for social
purposes, business purposes or both. The
programs show the associations between
individuals and facilitate the acquisition of new
contacts. Examples of social networking have
included Facebook, LinkedIn, Classmates.com
and Yelp.
20

21. Index
1) Social Network
….21
2) Some Statistics(2010)
….22
3) Features
….24
4) Merit of Social Networking sites
….25
5) Demerit of Social networking sites
….26
6) We can say that…
….27
7) myspace.com
….28
8) Facebook ….29
9) Youtube
….30
10) Twitter
….31
11) LinkedIn
….32
12) World’s top ten sites
….33
13) Life Cycle ….3421
21

22. 1
2
3
4
Some
Statistics(2010)
According to a study by Nielson Company, 89 per cent
of 15-20 year olds in India access a social networking
site everyday and 60 per cent of them spend at least half
an hour on social networking each day
The world now spends around 22 percent of all time online
on social networks and blog sites
The average visitor spends 66% more time on these sites
than a year ago
9 out of every 10 U.S. Internet user now visiting a social
network in a month
CNN's international readership found that 43% of online
news sharing occurs via social media networks and tools
The number of users registered for virtual world sites
broke the 1 billion mark during 2010
4
6
Contd… 22

23. Some statistics
(2010)
BlackPlanet users spent 3.6 minutes
more on the site than the average
Facebook visitor
MyYearbook and Tagged users spent
around 3 minutes more than the average
MySpace visitor
Facebook witnesses more than 65 billion
page views par month
More than 14 million photos* are
uploaded on Facebook and 8 million
photos on my space daily .
*source: www.facebook.com
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8
9
10
23

24. Features
24
1
2
3
4
5

25. Merit of Social Networking
sites
Connecting the World
Advertising
Relaxation
Information Sharing
Best Job Search Platform
Get to Know What Happen Around the World
Best Source for Bloggers
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2
3
4
5
6
7
25

26. No More Face to Face Connections
Lose Your Valuable Time
You Can’t Keep Your Privacy 100%
Affect Learning Habit Of Students
Affect Human Health
Demerit of Social networking
sites
1
2
3
4
5
26

27. We can say that…
2727

28. 1
2
3
4
5
myspace.com
Created by Chris DeWolf and Tom Anderson
Began as SiteGeist, a community web site
Initially catered to local actors, musicians and
artists in Southern California
Local bands (particularly Indie rock bands)
created profiles and quickly became MySpace’s
primary marketing tool
Eight months after its initial launch, MySpace
experienced the “network effect,” an exponential
growth of people adding “friends”
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-yWpnto-hqQ&feature=relate28

29. 1
2
3
4
5
Facebook
Founded by Mark Zuckerberg while at Harvard
Named for facebooks used in some colleges to
get acquainted
Originally called thefacebook.com
A hobby project became a Harvard, Stanford and
Yale phenomenon within months, in high schools
the following year, available to general internet
public (13+) the following year
Renamed FaceBook in 2005
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_cEySyEnxv29

30. 1
2
3
4
5
Founded by Chad Hurley, Steven Chen, and
Jawed Karim
First registered domain name, then developed
site in a garage
"Broadcast Yourself”
Business model is based on traditional banner
advertising, sponsorships, partnerships and
promotions
Generated early interest with a contest to win an
iPod Nano
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uoQxFtQenrI&N
Youtube
30

31. Twitter
Twitter was created in March 2006 by Jack
Dorsey, Evan Williams, Biz Stone and Noah
Glass.
Introduced the idea of an individual using an
SMS service to communicate with a small
group.
Twitter is an online social networking service
that enables users to send and read short
140-character messages called "tweets".
The original name was twttr.
Twitter has over 65 millions tweets everyday
and that averages to 750 tweets per
second.
1
2
3
4
5
31

32. LinkedIn
LinkedIn is a business-oriented social
networking service.
Founded in December 2002 and launched on
May 5, 2003
The company was founded by Reid Hoffman
and founding team members from PayPal
and Socialnet.com
There are 414 millions users of Linkedin.
Job recruiters, head hunters, and personnel
HR are increasingly using LinkedIn as a
source for finding potential candidates.
1
2
3
4
5
32

33. World’s top ten sites
1
33

34. Life
Cycle
1
34

35. Top Ten Market of social
networking sites
1
Total Unique Visitors (000)
Market July 2009 July 2010 % change
United States 131,088 174,429 33%
China N/A 97,151 N/A
Germany 25,743 37,938 47%
Russian
Federation
20,245 35,306 74%
Brazil 23,966 35,221 47%
United Kingdom 30,587 35,153 15%
India 23,255 33,158 43%
France 25,121 32,744 30%
Japan 23,691 31,957 35%
South Korea 15,910 24,962 57% 35

36. Top Ten sites in India(avg. time
spent/visit)
1
2
3
4
5
36

37. SWOT Analysis
1
• Social networking
audience is fickle and
frequently shift
providers
• People may grow tired
of the highly structured.
• People have privacy
concern with Facebook
• Advertising is moving
towards Targeted
ads and not blanked
advertising.
• Improve Email and
Chat
• Weak at monetizing
the user base and
delivering a high
number of ad’s per
user
• Inability to manage
application feeds
leading to clutter on
the website &
reactions from users
• Huge active user
base.
• Popular Platform for
application
development
• Present in all
geographies
• Translated in over 40
languages
• Email and Chat are
integrated Strengths
ThreatsOpportuniti
es
37

38. Reference:-
 www.wikipedia.org.
 www.google.com
 Various Books of Computer Science.
 Ask from the knowledgeable persons.
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39. 39
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39
Alexander “I am indebted to my father for living, but to my teacher for
living well.”
अगर ज िंदगी में कु छ पाना है तो तरीके बदलो न कक इरादे