Web Sphere Administration guide – Packaging and Deploying Jee Applications

WebSphere Administration Guide –
Packaging and Deploying JEE
Applications
-Gagandeep Singh

Agenda
• WebSphere Overview
• JEE Overview
• WebSphere Architecture
• Installing WebSphere
• The Admin Console
• Managing Applications
• JEE Technologies
• Summary

What is WebSphere ?
• WebSphere is not a product but an IBM
brand, powered by Java and JEE.
• WebSphere is infrastructure software for
delivery of e-business applications.
• The WebSphere product family is divided into
three categories:
– Foundation and Tools
– Business portals
– Business Integration

WebSphere Product Family
• Foundation and Tools - represents the heart of the
WebSphere product line; the WAS, the RAD product
line, and the WebSphere tools for host integration.
• Business Portals - include WebSphere Portal Server
WebSphere Commerce etc.
• Business Integration - includes the WebSphere MQ
family of products for enterprise messaging,
workflow, systems integration, WebSphere Business
Integration.

Additional Product Families
• The Tivoli family of products for systems
management and security provide additional
capabilities for WebSphere.
• The Rational family of products for application
development, such as Rational Application
Developer, Rational Modeler for UML
modeling, Rational Clear Case for SCM.

WebSphere Application Server (WAS)
• A JEE compliant application server.
• Provides the core technologies used by other
WebSphere products.
• Provides an environment to run web based
multi-tier e-business applications.

WebSphere Application Server (WAS)

WAS Packaging
• WAS Express V 6.0 – A lightweight edition of
WAS without an EJB container.
• WAS Base V6.1 – A fully compliant JEE server
supporting the JEE 1.4 spec.
• WAS Network Deployment V6.1 – extends
WAS Base to include clustering capabilities,
edge components and distributed
configuration management.

Copyright © Oded Nissan 2009
Resources
• Info center for WAS 6.1 -
http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/wasi
• IBM Redbooks -
http://www.redbooks.ibm.com/

What is JEE ?
• A set of technologies for developing
enterprise applications in Java
• Specified by Sun and the Java Community
Process (JCP).
• Implemented by JEE vendors.
• Implementations of JEE technologies are
provided within Application Servers.
• Previously named J2EE (until version 1.4)
current version is JEE 5.

What is JEE ?
• Relation between JEE vendors and developers.

What is JEE ?
• The Java Platform
High-End
Server
Java Technology
Enabled Desktop
Workgroup
Server
Java Technology
Enabled Devices

The Java Platform
Optional
Packages
Java
Enterprise
Edition
(JEE)
Java
Standard
Edition
(JavaSE)
JVM
Java
Card
APIs
CardVM
Optional
Packages
Personal
Basis Profile
Personal
Profile
Foundation Profile
CDC
MIDP
CLDC
KVM
Java Platform Micro Edition
(JavaMETM
)
* Under development in JCP

Why do we need JEE ?
• Standard API
• Portable
• Tool Support
• Distribution
• Transactions
• Security
• Scalability
• Persistence

The JEE Architecture
• N-tier architecture
• Comprised of technologies for the business
tier the presentation tier and other system
services.
• Runs within the application server and within
specific containers (web container, EJB
container) within the Application server.

The JEE Architecture
• Uses the "component and container" model in
which container provides system services in a
well-defined and as industry standard
• JEE is a standard that also provides portability
of code because it is based on Java technology
and standard-based Java programming APIs

About N-Tier Architecture
• Single Tier – a simple desktop application.
• Two Tier – A thin or a fat client and a server.
• Three Tier – A presentation tier a business tier
and a Data tier.

Three-Tier architecture
Web Tier EJB Tier

JEE Application Servers
• JEE vendors provide their implementation of
JEE technologies within an Application Server.
• Each application server has its own
implementation of JEE standards as well as
some proprietary features.
• Comprised of a Web Container,EJB Container
and other server services.

The App server and JEE containers.

JEE Development Roles
• Component provider
– Bean provider
• Application assembler
• Deployer
• Platform provider
– Container provider
• Tools provider
• System administrator

The JEE Life Cycle
Creation Assembly Deployment
Created by
Component
Developer
Assembled
and Augmented
by Application
Assembler
Processed
by Deployer
Deploy
Enterprise
Components
JEE Container
JEE APPJEE Modules

System Administrator Role
• Manage servers
• Install and manage applications.
• Manage and maintain configurations.
• Create and maintain server topologies:
network deployment, cluster etc.
• Monitor and troubleshoot production and test
deployments.
• Implement a security policy.

JEE Development Tools
• Provided by Application Server vendors or
open source projects.
• Usually provided as plugins to popular IDEs
such as Eclipse or NetBeans.
• The tools help developers create JEE
resources, debug and deploy them.

JEE Development Tools
• IBM – provides the RAD product (based on
Eclipse) for developing for WebSphere.
• RAD 7.0 is compatible with WAS 6.1
• The Eclipse project provides open source
plugins for most application servers.

JEE Application Structure
• A JEE application is packaged into an EAR file.
• The EAR file contains Web modules, EJB modules and
utility jars.
• The Web application is packaged into a WAR file, and
the WAR file is packaged into the EAR.
• The EJB’s are packaged into a special jar file which is
the EJB module, which is packaged into the EAR file.

Packaging JEE Applications
• In order to deploy applications to WebSphere
application code must be packaged into JEE
modules (EAR WAR JAR etc.)
• Packaging applications can be done using:
– RAD export options.
– Ant scripts.

The WebSphere Architecture
• Base or Single Server environment features a
standalone single server.
• Network Deployment or Multi Server
environment, features multi servers managed
centrally by a deployment management
process.

• A server is the smallest configuration unit and
represents a WAS instance.
• A Node is a configuration unit that can include
several servers, usually a node represents a
physical machine running WAS.
• A Cell is a configuration unit that can include
several nodes.

• In a Base environment a single node manages
a single server.
• In a Network Deployment environment we
have a cell managing several nodes each
containing one or more servers.

Network Deployment Environment

Java Management Extensions (JMX)
• The system management functionality of WebSphere
Application Server is based on the use of Java Management
Extensions (JMX). JMX is a framework that provides a
standard way of exposing Java esources, for example
application servers, to a system management infrastructure.
• The JMX framework allows a provider to implement
functions, such as listing the configuration settings, and
allows users to edit the settings. It also includes a notification
layer that can be used by management applications to
monitor events.

JMX Architecture
• The JMX architecture is structured into three layers:
• Instrumentation layer The instrumentation layer dictates
how resources can be wrapped within special Java beans
called Management Beans (MBeans).
• The agent layer consists of the MBean server and agents,
which provide a management infrastructure.
• Management layer The management layer defines how
external management applications can interact with the
underlying layers in terms of protocols, APIs, and so on.

JMX Distributed Administration

Distributed Administration
• Administration in a distributed server
environment is by necessity more complex
than administration in a stand-alone server
environment.
• In a distributed server environment, multiple
WebSphere Application Server nodes are
managed from a single central location.

Distributed Administration
• Administration is performed by three layers.

Distributed Process Discovery
• When a managed server begins its startup, it sends a
discovery request message that allows other
processes to discover its existence and
establishcommunication channels with the process.
• Each node agent and deployment manager maintains
status and configuration information by using
discovery addresses, or ports. On startup, processes
discover other running components, and create
communication channels

Configuration Management
• In a distributed server environment, the master repository of
configuration and application data for the cell is managed by
the deployment manager.
• Each node contains a separate copy of the repository
containing only the required files.
• When an administrator makes changes to the configuration
using an administration tool and saves these changes to the
master repository, they are available for use. The next step is
to synchronize the changes out to the nodes of the cell.

Configuration Synchronization
• Responsible for synchronizing the master
configuration to all nodes in the cell.
• During the synchronization operation, the
node agent checks with the deployment
manager to see if any files that apply to the
node have been updated in the master
repository. New or updated files are sent to
the node, while any deleted files are also
deleted from the node.

Repository Directory Structure

Hardware Requirements
• For Windows (32 bit WebSphere Application Server)
– Intel® Pentium processor at 500 MHz or faster
– Intel EM64T or AMD Opteron
– 1030 MB disk space
– Minimum 512 MB physical memory; 1 GB recommended
– CD-ROM drive
•
For Windows (64 bit WebSphere Application Server)
– AMD Opteron or Intel EM64T
– 1030 MB disk space
– Minimum 1 GB of physical memory recommended
– CD-ROM drive

Software Requirements - OS
• Microsoft Windows Server 2008,
• Microsoft Windows XP Professional with SP2
• Microsoft Vista Business
• Microsoft Vista Enterprise
• Microsoft Vista Ultimate
• Microsoft Windows 2000
• Microsoft Windows Server 2003

Software Requirements - Java
• IBM 32-bit SDK for Windows, Java 2
Technology Edition, V5.0 SR2
• IBM 64-bit SDK for Windows on
AMD64/EM64T architecture, Java 2
Technology Edition, V5.0 SR2
• The Java VM supplied with WebSphere must
be used to run WAS and application clients.

Software Requirements – Web Servers
• IBM HTTP Server V7.0 V6.1 V6.0
• Apache HTTP Server V2.2 V2.0.54
• Microsoft IIS V7.0 V6.0 V5.0
• Lotus Domino Enterprise Server 6.5.4 or 7.0
• More specific details at:
– http://www-01.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?rs=180

First Steps
• First Steps is a post installation tool that is
started automatically at the end of
installation.
• Can be started from the windows menu or
command line.
• Used to verify the installation. Run the
installation verification utility.

Installing WebSphere
• Install WAS on your machine, according to the
options specified in the previous slides.
• Verify the installation by running the
installation verification from the FirstSteps
console.
• Run the administrative console from the First
Steps console.

Installing Silently
• Installing WebSphere Application Server using
silent installation refers to using a file to
supply installation options without user
interaction.
• To configure the installation, change the
options in the response file before you issue
the installation command.

Customizing the Response file
• Locate the sample options response file. The file is
named responsefile.base.txt in the WAS directory on
the product CD-ROM or DVD.
• Copy the file to preserve it in its original form. For
example, copy it as myoptions.txt on your disc drive.
• Edit the copy in your flat file editor of choice, on the
target operating system. Read the directions within
the response file to choose appropriate values.

Installing Silently
• Run the installer with the response file as a
parameter:
– "disc_drive_D:WASinstall" -options
"C:tempWASmyoptionsfile.txt" -silent

WAS Directory Structure
• bin – contains command line tools
• _uninst – uninstaller for products.
• config – XML configuration files
• InstalledApps – installed applications
• java – the JRE installed with WAS
• logs – WAS log files
• properties – property files for WAS
configuration.

WAS Directory Structure
• profiles – contains WAS profiles. (A profile
defines a WAS configuration).
• lib – WAS java libraries
• derby – a lightweight relational DB.
• samples – sample applications with source
and jacl scripts.

Command Line Tools
• startServer – starts the server
• stopServer – stops the server
• serverStatus – displays server status
• wasProfile – manage WAS profiles.
• versionInfo – displays installed product
versions.

Log files in the logs directory
• SystemOut.log – the JVM output log, contains all
WAS and application messages logged to the
standard output.
• SystemErr.log – contains all WAS and application
messages logged to standard error.
• startServer.log and stopServer.log – log messages
related to server startup and shutdown.
• Native_stderr.log and native_stdout.log – contains
log messages from native libraries logged to standard
output and standard error.

The WAS Admin Console
• A web based application for administrating
the server.
• Configuration is read and saved into XML files
in the config directory.
• The admin console itself is a JEE application
installed on WebSphere.

Starting the admin console
• The admin console can be started using a
browser by pointing to the URL:
http://localhost:9060/ibm/console
• In the login screen we can optionally enter a
username
• If security is enabled we must enter a
username and password. Authentication is
performed using a JAAS module.

Admin Console Navigation Menu
• Servers – management and administration of
application servers, web servers and MQ
servers.
• Applications – installation, removal and
management of JEE applications.
• Resources – creation and configuration of JEE
resources such as JDBC Datasources, JMS
queues and messaging engines, JCA
Connectors and more.

• Security – security management and
configuration for servers and applications.
• Environment – configuration of virtual hosts,
web server plugin generation, environment
variables, JNDI naming and more.
• System Administration – saving the master
configuration and console prefrences.

• Users and Groups – configuration and
management of users, groups and roles.
Relevant only if administrative security is
enabled.
• Monitoring and Tuning – configuration of
performance monitoring.
• Troubleshooting – logging and tracing
configuration.

• Service Integration – configuration of message
buses and web services (handlers, security
etc.)
• UDDI – management of UDDI nodes, UDDI is a
web services registry.
• Guided Activities – wizards for connecting a
web server to an application server and
connecting to a database.

Customizing the Admin Console
• The console navigation provides a hierarchical view
of all of the tasks available in the console. A task is a
page in the work area consisting of one or more
console modules.
• Use the view menu at the top of the navigation to
filter the list of tasks by product. Or, you can create a
customized list by selecting My tasks from the View
menu.

Saving Changes
• Until you save changes to the master repository, the
administrative console uses a local workspace to
track your changes.
• You can update the master repository with your
administrative console changes, discard your
administrative console changes and continue
working with the master repository, or continue
working with your administrative console changes
that are not saved to the master repository.

Console Preferences
• Turn on workspace automatic refresh - Specifies
whether you want the administrative console
workspace to redraw automatically after the
administrative configuration changes.
• No confirmation on workspace discard - Specifies
whether the confirmation dialog is displayed after a
request is received to discard the workspace. The
default is to display confirmation dialogs.

Console Preferences
• Use default scope - Specifies whether the default
scope is the administrative console node.
• Show the help portlet - Specifies whether the help
portlet on the right of the console displays.
• Synchronize changes with nodes - Specifies whether
to synchronize changes that are saved to the
deployment manager profile with all the nodes that
are running.

Console Preferences
• Enable command assistance notifications -
Specifies whether to send Java Management
Extensions (JMX) notifications that contain
command assistance data from the
administrative console.
• Log command assistance commands -
Specifies whether to log all the command
assistance wsadmin data to a file.

Application Server Settings
• Use this page to view or change the settings of an
application server instance. An application server is a
server which provides services required to run
enterprise applications.
• To view this administrative console page, click
Servers > Application Servers > server_name.
• On the Configuration tab, you can edit fields. On the
Runtime tab, you can look at read-only information.
The Runtime tab is available only when the server is
running.

Configuration Tab – General Properties
• Name - Specifies a logical name for the server. Server
names must be unique within a node. Read only.
• Node Name – the Websphere node.
• Run in development mode - Enabling this option may
reduce the startup time of an application server.
• Parallel Start - Specifies that you want the server
components, services, and applications to start in
parallel rather than sequentially.

Configuration Tab – General Properties
• Class loading mode - Specifies whether the
class loader should search in the parent class
loader or in the application class loader first to
load a class.
• Access to internal server classes - Specifies
whether the applications can access many of
the server implementation classes.

Runtime Tab
• Process Id – the process id of the server
process in the OS.
• Cell Name
• Node Name
• State – the server’s state

Container Settings
• Web Container – settings related to the web
container.
• EJB Container – settings related to the EJB
container.
• Container services – ORB service settings,
profiling settings, transaction settings and
more.

Server Infrastructure
• Java and process management – JVM settings,
JVM system properties, process parameters
etc.
• Administration – configuration of
administration services, JMX connection type
etc.

Communication
• Ports – the communication ports used by
WebSphere, here we can change the ports.
• Messaging – the JMS messaging listener
service used by MDBs.

In General
• The configuration tab contains shortcuts to
categories that can be reached using the
navigator.
• Use the console’s online help by pressing the
help link in the upper right corner of the
screen, in order to get help about the various
configuration options.

Administration with Scripting
• WebSphere can also be configured using a
scripting language.
• WebSphere provides a scripting interface base
on the Bean Scripting Framework(BSF) called
wsadmin.
• Wsadmin acts as an interface to Java objects
accessed by scripts.

Administration with Scripting
• Wsadmin uses JMX beans for configuration.

The wsadmin Tool
• Wsadmin supports two different scripting
language syntaxes: JACL and jython.
• JACL is on its way out, jython will be the only
scripting language used in WebSphere 7.
• Most existing scripts today are written in JACL.

The wsadmin Tool
• Wsadmin can be launched from
<WAS_HOME>/profiles/<profile
name>/bin/wsadmin.bat
• Three ways to launch:
– Command option wsadmin –c <command>
– Script file: wsadmin –f <script file>
– Interactively: wsadmin

The wsadmin Tool
• There are five Java objects that perform different
operations:
– AdminConfig – create or change the configuration.
– AdminApp – install modify or manage applications.
– AdminControl – work with running objects, perform traces
and data type conversion.
– AdminTask – access a set of task oriented administration
commands.
– Help – display information and details about which
Mbeans are running.

JACL Script Example
set temp [catch {$AdminApp list} appList]
puts "List of application will be uninstalled are $appList"
foreach app $appList {
set temp [catch {$AdminApp uninstall $app} uninstallResult]
puts "Uninstall result $uninstallResult"
set temp [catch {$AdminConfig save} saveResult]
puts "Save result $saveResult"
}

Managing Applications
• Use the console to manage existing
applications. (start, stop remove etc.)
• Use the console to install new JEE applications
packaged in an EAR file.

Enterprise Applications
• Start – start the selected application.
• Stop – stop the selected application.
• Install – install a new application.
• Uninstall – remove an existing application.
• Update – update an existing application with a
new EAR file.
• Remove file – remove a single file from an
application.

Enterprise Applications
• Export – export the application as an EAR file.
• Export DDL – export DDL files found in the
application.
• The application status shows the current
status of the application (started, stopped).

Installing an application
• We can install an application in WebSphere in
3 different ways:
– Using the Admin Console.
– Using wsadmin scripting files. (we will discuss
later).
– Programmatically using JMX beans.

Installing an Application (step 1)
• Choose the EAR file to install

• Browse the file system and choose the EAR
file to install.
• Context root – change the context root for
web applications. In case we are installing a
WAR file and not an EAR file.

• Precompile JavaServer Pages files - Specify
whether to precompile JavaServer Pages (JSP)
files as a part of installation.
• Directory to install application – install the
application is a specific directory.
• Deploy enterprise beans – deploy EJBs if they
have not been deployed.
• Press the next button without overriding
default values.

• Use this panel to specify deployment targets
where you want to install the modules
contained in your application. Modules can be
installed on the same deployment target or
dispersed among several deployment targets.
A deployment target can be an application
server, cluster of application servers or Web
server.
• Press the next button

• Review your settings and press finish to
complete the installation.

• WebSphere displays application deployment
messages. Installation problems will be
displayed here.
• Chose save to master configuration to
complete the application installation.
• We can now start the application by choosing
the manage applications link.

JEE 1.4 Technologies
• Presentation tier technologies
– Servlets 2.4
– Java Server Pages (JSP) 2.0
– Java Standard Tag Library
– Web Services
These technologies enable the implementation of a
presentation tier in the JEE framework.

JEE 1.4 Technologies
• Enterprise Application Technologies
– Enterprise Java Beans (EJB) 2.1
– Java Connector Architecture (JCA) 1.5
– Java Messaging Services (JMS) 1.1
– Java Transaction API (JTA) 1.1
These technologies enable the implementation of
the business tier in the JEE framework.

Enterprise Java Beans (EJB)
• What is EJB ?
– EJB is a standard JEE technology developed by Sun
and the Java community
– A component architecture for building distributed
applications.
– A server side technology.
– Usually used to implement the application’s
business logic.

Benefits of EJB
• Distributed components
• Transaction management support
• Security
• Scalability and fail-over
• Asynchronous
• Persistence – object relational mapping.

EJB Types
• Stateless Session beans
• Stateful Session beans
• Message driven beans – asynchronous, based
on JMS.
• Entities – Java Persistence architecture (JPA).
Object-relational mapping.

Java Messaging Services (JMS)
• Messaging systems (MOM) provide
– De-coupled communication
– Asynchronous communication
– Plays a role of centralized post office
• Benefits of Messaging systems
– Flexible, Reliable, Scalable communication systems
• Point-to-Point, Publish and Subscribe
• JMS defines standard Java APIs to messaging systems

Java Connector Architecture (JCA)
• Defines standard API for integrating J2EE technology with EIS
systems
– CICS, SAP, PeopleSoft, etc.
• Before Connector architecture, each App server has to
provide an proprietary adaptor for each EIS system
– m (# of App servers) x n (# of EIS's) Adaptors
• With Connector architecture, same adaptor works with all JEE
compliant containers
– 1 (common to all App servers) x n (# of EIS's) Adaptors

Java Transaction API
• The Java™ Transaction API (JTA) allows applications
to perform distributed transactions, that is,
transactions that access and update data on two or
more networked computer resources.
• The JTA specifies standard Java interfaces between a
transaction manager and the parties involved in a
distributed transaction system: the application, the
application server, and the resource manager that
controls access to the shared resources affected by
the transactions.

Java Transaction API (JTA)
• A JTA transaction is controlled by the Java EE
transaction manager.
• JEE support declarative transactions, called
Container Managed Transactions.
• The JTA API can also be used directly by the
developer.
• JTA supports XA transactions.

Servlets
• Java™ objects which extend the functionality
of a HTTP server
• Dynamic contents generation
• Better alternative to CGI, NSAPI, ISAPI, etc.
– Efficient
– Platform and server independent
– Session management
– Java-based

Servlet Example
A Servlet receives an HTTP request
performs an action and generate output,

Java Server Pages (JSP)
• Enables separation of business logic from
presentation
– Presentation is in the form of HTML or XML/XSLT
– Business logic is implemented as Java Beans or
custom tags
– Better maintainability, reusability
• Extensible via custom tags
• Builds on Servlet technology (JSP is compiled into a
Servlet).

JSP Example
<%@ page import="java.util.*" %>
<HTML>
<BODY>
<% System.out.println( "Evaluating date now" );
Date date = new Date(); %>
Hello! The time is now <%= date %>
</BODY>
</HTML>

Web Services
• What is a Web Service ?
– A web service is a software system identified by a
URI, whose public interfaces and bindings are
defined and described using XML. Its definition
can be discovered by other software systems.
These systems may then interact with the Web
service in a manner prescribed by its definition,
using XML-based messages conveyed by Internet
protocols.

Web Services
• Provide a way to connect heterogonous systems in a
Language neutral, platform neutral manner.
• Use the HTTP protocol to pass messages in the SOAP
protocol.
• Described by a Web Services Description language
(WSDL) document.
• Vendors provide tools to generate web service
clients from a WSDL.
• Web services can be registered and looked up in a
UDDI directory.

Web Services in JEE
• Web services are a platform neutral standard, JEE
provides its own platform implementation.
• JEE provide tools for exposing JEE components such
as EJBs as web services.
• JEE also provides tools for generating web service
clients from existing WSDL documents and an API for
accessing the services.

Java Authentication and
Authorizations Service (JAAS)
• Pluggable authentication framework
– Userid/password
– Smartcard
– Kerberos
– Biometric
• Application portability regardless of authentication
schemes underneath
– JAAS provides authentication scheme independent API
– Authentication schemes are specified Login configuration
file, which will be read by JAAS

JNDI
• Java Naming and Directory Interface
• Utilized by J2EE applications to locate
resources and objects in portable fashion
– Applications use symbolic names to find object
references to resources via JNDI
– The symbolic names and object references have
to be configured by system administrator when
the application is deployed.

Java management Extensions (JMX)
• JMX technology provides a simple, standard way of
managing resources such as applications, devices,
and services.
• JMX is used to monitor and manage the JVM itself
(the jconsole application is an example).
• In JEE JMX is used to manage server configuration
and resources.
• All applications server vendors provide JMX beans,
which manage their servers.

Java management Extensions (JMX)

Resources
• Info center for WAS 6.1 -
http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/wasinfo
• IBM Redbook – sg247304 WAS 6.1 System
Management and configuration.
• Admin Console context sensitive online help.

Summary
• WebSphere Overview
• JEE Overview
• WebSphere Architecture
• Installing WebSphere
• The Admin Console
• Managing Applications
• JEE Technologies

Web Sphere Administration guide – Packaging and Deploying Jee Applications

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