This presentation extract a as Preview from the JPassion.com e-learning web site give you an overview of the JEE platform and the novelty of the JEE 8 specifications

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JAVA EE Application Development
in Practice
Chapter 1: A Big Overview
Sang Shin & Karim Djaafar

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AGENDA
• What is Java EE
• JEE Architecture
• Enterprise Application Development
• Java EE, a little story
• The Java EE APIs
• Whats new in Java EE 8
• Quick recap

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What is Java EE ?
Fundamentals Concepts
and Architecture Overview

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Introduction to Java EE
• The Java Platform, Enterprise Edition (Java EE) is a collection of API
specifications designed to work together when developing server-side,
enterprise Java applications
• Extension of Java SE
• Simplify enterprise application development
• Java EE is a standard : there are multiple implementations of the Java EE
specifications

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Java EE is a Standard
• Java EE go to a standardization process of the JCP, Java Community
Process, an organization responsible for the development of Java
technology
• JCP members include Oracle (the current steward of the Java platform),
and the Java community at large
• The Java Community Process (JCP) allows interested parties to assist in
developing standard technical specification for Java technology
• Each Java EE API specification is developed as part of a Java
Specification Request (JSR)
• Each JSR is assigned a unique number. JavaServer Faces (JSF) 2.3 is
developed as JSR 372, for instance

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Java EE Implementation Examples
Glassfish

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Payara
• In this course, we will choose Payara, which support full Java
EE 8 specification and JDK 9
• Payara server support Microservices, which leverage standard
Java EE API
• Easy to use and deploy : For example It only takes a few quick
steps to deploy a Microservice using Java EE APIs !

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JEE Architecture

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JEE Concepts
• Container, services and Components
• Application
• Packaging and Deployment
• Client interaction

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Java SE and Java EE: a complementary couple
• Java SE
• APIs for example to handle collections
• The JVM is a container
• Low level services
• Java EE
• APIs to handle transaction, messaging, security…
• Code runs in a container
• High level services using metadata (see further)

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Container
• Runtime environment
• Hide technical complexity
• Enhance portability
• Host applications
• Administer and monitor hosted Java Applications

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Services and Components• A component is a static or dynamic web pages
• Server side classes
• Handle business code
• A component can be a business or a technical component (example
database access component)
• Container provides services to component using some metadata
description
• Transaction Management
• Security
• Naming
• …
• Services are configurable

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JEE Architecture

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Java EE Application
• Aggregation of components
• Examples:
• Web pages
• Web resources
• Database access components
• Packaged and Deployed in an archive according a standard
format (EAR, WAR, JAR)

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Packaging JEE application
• Aggregation of components
• Examples:
• Web pages
• Web resources
• Database access components

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Client Interaction
• Web Clients using a browser (IE, google chrome, …)
• Standalone Java applications (Java SE, Java FX)
• Web Applications
• REST/SOAP services
• Mobile Apps

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Enterprise Application Development

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Applications
Java SE
Standard
Applications
Java Mobiles
Applications
Java FX
Rich User interfaces
Java EE
Enterprise Applications

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Enterprise Applications
• Multi-tiered
• Scalable
• Modulable
• Secure
• Respond to the needs of large and complexes business needs
• For individual developers and small organizations

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JEE Tiered Applications
Client Tier
XML, Browser,
JSON
Java Application
Application Tier
Web Server
HTML
CSS
JS
Web Container
Servlets JSPs
Tagged
Library
JAX-RS/JAX-
WS
JSON Web Socket CDI Extension
EJB Container
Session
Beans
Entity
Beans
Singleton
Beans
Message
Beans
JMS JPA JTA
Java
Mail
Beans
Validation
JCA JNDI …
Database/EIS
Tier
DB
Cettephotopar
Auteurinconnu
estsoumisàla
licenceCCBY-
SA
HTTP/
HTTPS

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Java EE, a little story…

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A Brief History of Java EE
J2EE 1.2
Servlets,
JSP, EJB,
JMS
1999. 2001 2003 2006 2009 2013 2017
J2EE 1.3
CMP,
JCA
J2EE 1.4
JAX/RPC
Management
API,
Deployment
Java EE 5
Annotations,
EJB 3.0,
JPA, JSF,
JAXB,
JAX-WS
Java EE 6
JAX-RS,
CDI,
Servlet 3.0,
Web Profile,
Pruning
Java EE 7
JAX-RS 2.0,
JSON-P,
WebSocket,
JMS 2.0,
Batch
Java EE 8
Servlet 4.0,
JAX-RS 2.1,
JSON-B,
JSON-P 1.1,
Security

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Java EE 8 main evolutions
• Java SE 8 alignment: DateTime API, CompetableFuture, repeatable
annotations
• CDI 2.0: asynchronous events, events ordering, better integration in other
specs. With this release, CDI confirms its role of foundation of the Java
EE platform
• Servlet 4.0: HTTP/2 support (Server Push)
• JAX-RS 2.1: Server-Sent Event, reactive extensions
• JSON Processing 1.1 and JSON Binding 1.0
• Security: simplification, secret management, modernization, OAuth2 and
OpenID support

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Where is Java EE going ?
• Oracle announced its intention to open source Java
EE (Enterprise Edition) in order to make Java EE more agile
and responsive to changing industry and technology demands
(According David Delabassee, Oracle Java EE evangelist)
• It seems that Oracle prefers to concentrate its effort on a new
open source project named Fn, a serverless framework similar
to Amazon Lambda and IBM OpenWhisk (now an Apache
project)

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The Java EE APIs

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Java EE is a collection of APIs
• Application Programming Interface specifications
• Used to develop server-side, enterprise Java application
• Some APIs supported by Java EE:
• JavaServer Faces (JSF) 2.3
• Servlet 4.0
• Java Persistence API (JPA) 2.2
• Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) 3.2
• Contexts and Dependency Injection for the Java EE Platform (CDI) 2.0
• Java API for JSON Processing (JSON-P) 1.1
• Java API for JSON Binding (JSON-B) 1.0
• Java API for WebSocket 1.0
• …

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Java EE API
Java EE API Description
JavaServer Faces (JSF) 2.3 JSF is a component library that greatly simplifies the development of web
applications
Java Persistence API (JPA) 2.2 JPA is the Java EE standard Object-Relational Mapping (ORM) API.
It makes it easy to interact with relational databases
Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) 3.2 EJB's allow us to easily add enterprise features such as transactions and
scalability to our Java EE applications
Contexts and Dependency
Injection (CDI) 2.0
CDI allows us to easily define the life cycle of Java objects and provides the ability
to easily inject dependencies into Java objects; it also provides a powerful event
mechanism
Java API for JSON Processing
(JSON-P) 1.1
JSON-P is an API that allows working with JSON strings in Java
Java API for JSON Binding
(JSON-B) 1.0
JSON-B provides the ability to easily populate Java objects from JSON streams
and back

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Java EE API
Java EE API Description
Java API for WebSocket 1.0 WebSocket is a standard Java EE implementation of the Internet
Engineering Task Force (IETF) WebSocket protocol, which allows
full duplex communication over a single TCP connection
Java Message Service (JMS) 2.0 JMS is a standard API that allows Java EE developers to interact
with Message Oriented Middleware (MOM
Java EE Security API 1.0 The Java EE Security API aims to standardize and simplify the task
of securing Java EE applications
Java API for RESTful Web Services (JAX-
RS) 2.1
JAX-RS is an API for creating RESTful web services endpoints and
clients
Java API for XML Web Services (JAX-WS)
2.2
“JAX-WS is an API that allows the creation of Simple Object Access
Protocol (SOAP) web service
Servlet 4.0 The servlet API is a low-level API used to implement server-side
logic in web applications

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Java EE : Spring and Angular

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Java EE and Spring
• Spring and Java EE are pretty popular choices, and the general
consensus is that both are quite excellent
• Java EE influenced by Spring Framework and Spring Boot by
Java E
• Think about it:
• if someone uses servlets, do they use Java EE? It’s a part of the
specification, sure, but really? Would you call it a Java EE application?
What about if you sprinkle your model with some JPA annotations?
Where’s the line drawn?

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Java EE meet Angular
• The frontend of web applications were, in most of the cases, server-side
rendered HTML pages, powered by JSP or JSF
• The HTML was crafted on the server on demand, that is, on request, and
returned to the client
• In order to realize that, the JSP or JSF pages, respectively, have to reside
on the backend. Therefore, the whole enterprise application would be
shipped and deployed as single artifact
• With the new frontend technologies, basically sophisticated JavaScript
frameworks and especially sing page applications (SPA), those
technologies as been deprecated

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Java EE and Angular
• The more client-centric and powerful the JavaScript frameworks became,
the more the communication between frontend and backend went from
tightly coupled requests and responses to a more API-like usage, typically
JSON via HTTP
• This also meant that the server-side became more client-agnostic
• For example, communicating solely via RESTful-like, JSON-format APIs
enables native or mobile clients such as smartphones to use the same API
like the frontend does
• AngularJS support this new shift

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AngularJS in short
• Extend HTML to add dynamic nature so that we can build modern web
applications with ease
• Brings you back to HTML
• Declarative approach
• Eliminate the need of DOM manipulation by two way bindng mechanism
• Ideal for building powerful SPA applications
• Enhance JEE by combining the power of JEE for the backing and the
flexibility of the AngularJS framework
• We will use AngularJS as a front stack during our course combined to JEE
APIs

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The Future of Java EE…

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Microservice support
• Java EE and Spring are de facto standards for creating complexes and
robust enterprise applications
• Difference are in the implementation no in the APIs
• From the beginning of the Java platform design are Monolith
• Microservices bring many change for the Java EE Platform thanks to
Docker containers popularity
• Many microservices frameworks are available for standardizing the platform
(Eclipse MicroProfile project)

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The Jakarta EE Project
• Last August, Oracle announced its decision to move the Java EE platform
to an open source foundation, and after discussing with several
candidates, the company chose the Eclipse Foundation
• With Java EE 8 now available, the Eclipse Foundation has begun to take
charge by launching the Eclipse Enterprise for Java (EE4J) project,
code name Jakarta EE
• It is a high-level project of the foundation that aims to define and develop
API specifications, reference implementations, and technology
compatibility kits (TCKs) for Java application server implementations

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Summary

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In Summary …
Java EE Is a powerful platform for developing powerful
Java Enterprise application
A powerful platform
Standard
Adapted to the Market constraints
Java EE is based on specifications which each vendor
can adapt
Java EE evolve and can be combined with other powerful
frameworks thanks to is modular architecture and
microservice powered

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