Scientists measure various aspects of weather including temperature, precipitation, and wind. Temperature is measured using a thermometer and can indicate whether the weather is hot or cold. Precipitation such as rain, snow, sleet, and hail are measured using tools like rain gauges and rulers - rain gauges are used to measure the amount of rain and rulers are used to measure snow depth. Wind direction and speed are measured using wind socks and anemometers, with wind socks indicating the direction the wind is blowing and anemometers providing a measure of wind speed.