A Presentation on

1. A PRESENTATION ON
OVERVIEW OF WATER MANAGEMENT IN
NEPAL AND IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT
ORGANIZATIONS
PREPARED BY: KRISHNA SEDAI
C.R.N.:-PUR075MSLWE004
Faculty: Msc. In Land and Water Engineering
E-Mail:- Sedai.krishna92@gmail.com
Date:-2076/09/29

2. A. OVERVIEW OF WATER
MANAGEMENT IN NEPAL
• Nepal is rich in water resources. There are about 6000 rivers in Nepal
having drainage area of 191000 sq. km, 74% of which lies in Nepal alone.
• There are 33 rivers having their drainage areas exceeding 1000 sq. km.
Drainage density expressing the closeness of spacing of channels is about
0.3 km/sq. km.
• Although Nepal has 225 BCM of water available annually, only a small part
of it (estimated at 15 BCM) has so far been utilized for economic and social
purposes.
• If this natural resource is properly harnessed, it could generate hydropower;
provide water for irrigation, industrial uses and supply water for domestic
purposes.
Source:-(WECS 2011)

3. Water utilized for Irrigation, Hydropower and
Water supply and Sanitation in Nepal
• Nepal has a cultivated area of 2,642,000 ha (18% of its land area), of which
two third (1,766,000 ha) is potentially irrigable. At present 42% of the
cultivated area has irrigation of some sort, but only 17% of cultivated area
has year round irrigation. An estimate shows that less than 8% of the
country’s water potential is used for irrigation
• The estimated hydropower potential of Nepal is 83,000 MW of which 114
projects having 45,610 MW have been identified economically feasible. At
present, Nepal Electricity Authority (NEA) has a total installed electricity
generation capacity of about 689 MW, of which the hydropower capacity is
632 MW.
• Only about 72% of the country’s population has access to basic water
supply and only 25% of the whole population has sanitation facility.
Source:-(WECS 2011)

4. Nepalese Laws/Policies/Strategies/Rules/Acts in
chronological order accounting for water
management:-
1.Essential
Commodity
Protection
Act 1955
(2012 BS)
1.Muluki
Ain 1963
(2020 BS)
1.Soil and
Watershed
Conservatio
n Act,
2039(1982)
1.Nepal
Water
Supply
Corporation
Act 1989
(2046 BS)
1.Water
Resource
Act 1992
(2049 BS)
1.Electricity
Act 1992
(2049 BS)
1.Water
Resource
Regulation
1993 (2050
BS)
1.EPA,
1995 (2053
BS) and
EPR, 1997
(2054 BS)
1.Drinking
Water
Regulation
1998 (2055
BS)
1.Drinking
Water Rule,
2055 BS
1.Water
Resource
Strategy,
2002 AD
1.Rafting
Rule, 2063
BS
1.Irrigation
policy,
2070 BS
Source:-http://www.wepa-db.net/policies/law/nepal/list.htm

5. Institutions and Organizations on water
resources in Nepal:-
• The water related institutions and organizations could be divided into
four categories. They are
(i) policy/planning and coordinating bodies,
(ii) sectoral policy and planning and programming organizations,
(iii) regulatory bodies, and
(iv) service providers with autonomous nature, including local
governance bodies (LGBs).

6. Policy Planning and Coordinating bodies
From the standpoint of policy planning and coordination, a number of water
resources related bodies exist in the country. They are
(i) National Development Council (NDC),
(ii) National Water Resources Development Council (NWRDC),
(iii) Investment Board Nepal (IBN),
(iv) National Planning Commission (NPC),
(v) Environment Protection Council (EPC), and
(vi) Water and Energy Commission (WEC).
Of the bodies, the NWRDC and WEC are directly water related policy planning and
coordinating bodies, whereas the NDC and NPC are the overall developmental
policy formulating and national planning bodies. The EPC is policy planning and
coordinating body for the environment related matters only.

7. Sectoral policy and planning and
programming organisations
The following ministries are responsible for the formulation, implementation, supervision
and monitoring of the implementation of sub sectoral policies, plans and programs:
I. Ministry of Agriculture & Cooperatives (MoAC) for agriculture
II. Ministry of Energy, water resources and irrigation for hydro electricity, irrigation and
water induced disaster.
III. Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development (MoFALD) for local government
bodies and minor infrastructure creations
IV. Ministry of Forestry and Soil Conservation ( MoOFSC) for forestry and soil
conservation
V. Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment (MoSTE) for environment, hydrology
and climatology
VI. Ministry of Urban Affairs for drinking water, sanitation and solid management
VII. Water and Energy Commission Secretariat (WECS)

8. Regulatory Bodies
The following are the water related regulatory bodies:
I. Electricity Tariff Fixation Commission (ETFC) related to the fixation of
electricity tariff
II. Drinking Water Tariff Fixation Commission (DWTFC) related to the
fixation of tariff for the drinking water
III. District Water Resources Committee ( DWRC) for registration of Water
User's Associations
IV. Kathmandu Valley Water Supply Management Board (KVWSMB) for
providing license to service providers for the operation and management of
water supply and sanitation service system in Kathmandu Valley

9. Service Providing Bodies
• Electricity
I. Nepal Electricity Authority ( NEA), responsible for electricity generation, transmission and distribution
• Ground Water
II. Ground Water Development Board, responsible for the planning and management of ground water
• Drinking Water, sanitation and waste management
III. Nepal Water Supply Corporation (NWSC) responsible for supply of water to 20 cities in the country.
IV. Kathmandu Upatyaka Khanepani Limited (KUKL) responsible for operation and management of water and wastewater services in the
Kathmandu Valley.
V. Melamchi Water Supply Development Board (MWSDB) an implementing agency of Melamchi water supply project for the Kathmandu
valley.
VI. High Powered Committee for the Integrated Development of the Bagmati Civilization (HPCIDBC), responsible for Implementation &
Monitoring of Environmental Improvement in Pasupati Area
VII. Bharatpur Water Supply Management Board (BWSMB) responsible for supply of water in the geographical area of Bharatpur municipality
VIII. Solid waste management Technical Support Center (SWMTSC) responsible for providing technical support to local bodies and carry out
studies, research & development in SWM sector.

10. B. IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT
ORGANIZATION
1. Ministry of Energy, Water Resources and Irrigation
The Ministry of Energy, Water Resources and Irrigation is a governmental body of
Nepal that governs the development and implementation of energy including its
conservation, regulation and utilization. It furthermore develops operates electricity
projects including hydropower projects.
In the field of irrigation it helps to provide year round irrigation facilities and
increase the irrigable area of the country to higher limits. Apart from this the it also
has to carry out river training activities to protect the floodways, floodplains and
agricultural lands in the form of river bank protection such that the loss of properties
caused by flooding is reduced.
This ministry also helps to mandate to plan, develop, maintain, operate, manage and
monitor different modes of environmentally sustainable and socially acceptable
irrigation and drainage systems - from small to larger scale surface systems and
from individual to community groundwater schemes.

11. B. IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT
ORGANIZATION
2. IWRMP (Irrigation and Water Resources Management Project )
Since 2008, IWRMP has been working towards improving agriculture
productivity and the management of selected irrigation schemes in
Nepal as well as enhancing institutional capacity for integrated water
resources management. The primary beneficiaries are over 415,200
water users of selected farmer-managed irrigation systems (FMIS)
covering over 26,859 ha, mainly in the hill regions. The project also
targets the irrigation management transfer in four agency-managed
irrigation systems (AMIS) and essential structural improvements
covering about 23,000 ha.

12. B. IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT
ORGANIZATION
3. The Community Managed Irrigated Agriculture Sector Project (CMIASP)
CMIASP is the Follow-up Programme of Irrigation Sector Project (ISP) and Second
Irrigation Sector Project (SISP) in 35 districts of Eastern & Central Development Regions
of Nepal. The overall goal of the Project is to promote inclusive economic growth while
reducing poverty in the rural areas of Central and Eastern Development regions. Its specific
objective is to improve agriculture productivity and sustainability of existing small and
medium-size FMIS suffering from low productivity and high poverty incidence, and thus
enhance the livelihood of poor men and women including ethnic minorities and dalit.
The estimated Project Cost is US$ 38.6 million. To meet the project cost ADB and OPEC
Fund will provide a loan equivalent of US$ 20 million and US$ 7 million respectively. The
Government of Nepal will provide US$ 9.4 million equivalent to cover about 24% of the
total project cost. The beneficiary farmers will contribute US$ 2.2 million equivalent (6%
of the project cost) in the form of labor, cash or in kind.

13. B. IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT
ORGANIZATION
4. Farmers Managed Irrigation System (FMIS)
The irrigation organization in FMIS evolved on its own without any
external assistance. Hence, these organizations are indigenous ones,
which evolved over period of time to manage the natural resources
within their environment. During the evolution of these organizations,
water distribution principles, water share, water rights, obligations, and
resource mobilization basis were evolved. The members of the FMIS
water users associations internalized these principles.

14. References
• CMIASP. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://cmiasp-mis.com.np/CMIASPWeb/index.php
• Dhungel, D. N. (2016). Policies and Institutions on Water Resources- Nepal, 1–16.
• FARMER MANAGED IRRIGATION SYSTEMS IN NEPAL AT THE CROSSROAD **
Prachanda Pradhan *. (2000), 1–14.
• Khanna, S. A., Shrestha, K. L., Maskey, R. K., Lamsal, A., Pyakurel, K., Poudyal, M., … Shrestha,
A. (2016). Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM): A Case Study of Durlung Watershed,
Bagmati Zone, Nepal, (18), 47–54.
• Magar, S. T. (2003). WATER RESOURCES IN NEPAL : INSTITUTIONALANALYSIS BASED
ON, (1993).
• Ministry of energy, water resources and irrigation. (n.d.). Retrieved from
https://www.moewri.gov.np/en/about_the_ministry.php
• Secretariat, E. C., & Durbar, S. (2011). W ATER R ESOURCES O F N EPAL I N T HE.
• Worldbank. (2014). Retrieved from https://www.worldbank.org/en/results/2014/04/11/nepal-
irrigation-and-water-resource-management

15. Thank You
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