about the water contaminants in lahore and its some major cases

1. Water contaminants in
Lahore
ROHAMA (24)
MALIHA (21)

2. Water contaminants
•The term “contaminants”
“ Anything other than water molecules”
Physical Chemical
Biological Radiological
Physical
• Effect the physical appearance and properties
• e.g. sediments and organic materials

3. Radiological
• Chemical elements
• Unstable atom that can emit ionizing radiations
• e.g. cesium , plutonium , uranium
Chemical
• Elements or compounds
• Man made or natural
• e.g. humans or animal drugs , toxins produced by bacteria
pesticides

4. Biological
• Organisms in water
• Microbes or microbiological contaminants
a. Bacteria
b. Viruses
c. Protozoans
d. Parasites

5. How to check water contaminants ?
•Water test kits
•Hand-held digital instruments
•Color disc kits
•BOD, COD , TOC

6. How to check water contaminants ?
• Nuisance Bacteria Testing
• Pathogenic bacterial and viral testing
• Granular activated carbon and aeration devices

7. Arsenic in Lahore drinking water
•According to the WHO’s guidelines
•Arsenic is carcinogenic contaminant its permissible limit is 10 -50ppb
•In 2016 , the arsenic level has increased to 40-80ppb
•Atomic Absorption Spectrometer used for analysis
•50% samples contain arsenic
Causes
Cancer Organ damage
Heart diseases Foot lesions

8. Arsenic keratosis

9. Treatment August 12, 2016
• 1,000 arsenic removal filtration plants were installed in Lahore
• Two effective techniques are in practice to eliminate arsenic
Reverse osmosis
Which is not feasible everywhere
High energy consumption and water wastage
Arsenic removal filter
More efficient and feasible
Not being manufactured in Pakistan

10. Water borne diseases due to microbes in
potable water, River Ravi
17 June 2011
50 household samples collected
46 (92%) contaminated
4 (8%) fit for drinking
Diarrhea and vomiting
Skin problems

11. Tested coliforms

12. Results
46
samples
4
samples
Fit for drinking
No coliforms
Contaminated
11-180
Coliforms

13. Gastroenteritis in Pakistan due to
norovirus
•Basic mode is water and food
•In five cities including Lahore
•20 January , 2015
•563 samples of hospitalized children
•40% due to norovirus
•2nd largest contributor of gastroenteritis in children

14. Testing
• Water samples tested
• Rt PCR
• Serological testing
• Vaccination not available