The document discusses the concept and classification of solid waste, outlining its various sources such as industrial, agricultural, municipal, and electronic waste. It highlights the impact of solid waste on human health and the environment, as well as the methods for effective solid waste management. Additionally, it emphasizes the role of citizens in managing solid waste, particularly in urban settings like Mumbai.

1. Module - 1
Solid Waste Management for Sustainable Society
1. Concept of waste
2. Sources of waste
3. Classification of wastes
4. Impact of solid waste on human health
5. Environmental impact of Solid Waste
6. Solid waste management – methods
7. Solid waste management in Mumbai
8. Role of citizens in solid waste management

2. Waste
• Like technology and culture, waste is also a human creation.
• It is an inevitable by-product of most human activity.
• Economic development led to increase in waste.

3. Waste - definitions
• Waste and wastes are unwanted or unusable materials.
• Waste is discarded, worthless, defective, substance which is of no use.
• Basel Convention of 1989: - ‘Wastes’ are substance or objects, which
are disposed of or are intended to be disposed of or are required to be
disposed of by the provisions of national law”.
• European Union: - “an object the holder discards, intends to discard or
is required to discard.”
• Solid waste is defined as one that has been rejected for further use.
• Solid waste is referred to as discarded solid fractions, generated from
human activities.

4. Sources of solid wastes
– Industrial Waste
– Radioactive Waste
– Agricultural Waste
– Municipal Waste
– Urban Waste
– Rural Waste
– Constructional waste
– Biomedical Waste
– Electronic waste (E-waste)
– Commercial waste
– Mining waste

5. Industrial Waste
Industrial wastes consists industrial effluents like chemical
industries, paper and pulp mills, tanneries, textile mills, etc.
This type of waste comes in various forms like solid, liquid,
gaseous and is mostly non-biodegradable and hazardous.

6. Radioactive Waste
The radioactive substances enter water bodies from various
sources such as nuclear power station, nuclear weapon
testing, processing of uranium ore, research laboratories.

7. Agricultural Waste
Agricultural waste includes crop residues, vegetal remains,
residues of pesticides, weeds, pesticides that are used to control
pests and weeds on the farm and chemical fertilisers.

8. Municipal Waste
Municipal waste is the waste generated within the limits of
a municipal corporation. Its collection and disposal is a
responsibility of the municipal corporation.

9. Rural Waste
Rural waste simply means the waste generated and
collected from rural areas like villages and hamlets.

10. Constructional/Demolition Waste
Waste generated at construction sites, metals, rabbit, steel,
furniture waste, debris, dust etc.

11. Bio-medical waste
• Used siring, medicine bottles, capsules and tablets
(wrappers), used cotton, used surgery equipments, artificial
limbs, IV set, saline bottles, blooded cotton, glass wares etc.

12. Commercial waste
• Waste generated from commercial activities. Plastic,
packaging, parcel materials, glass wares etc.

13. Electronic waste
Used and discarded electronic equipments or its spare parts.
Modem, LED, TV, Laptop, PC, mobile phones, ear phones,
speakers, batteries, power banks etc.

14. Mining Waste
Solid waste generated at open mining sites. Boulders, rebid,
metals, debris etc.

15. Thank You!