When and where the history of volatile anesthesia started and what was the story ?
Whom was the triggering for discovering the effect of volatile anesthesia on human being ?
How the volatile anesthesia developed year by year till reach the best and the most safe volatile anesthetic ?
What were the complications of old volatile anesthetics ?
History of Pharmacy | L 4|Empiric, Industrialization, Patient Care Era| Pharm...Tayyeb Mehmood
key points:
Ancient Era (Beginning of time to 1600 AD)
Non-Muslim (Babylon, China, Egypt, Greek, Turkey)
Muslim Era or Golden Era
Empiric Era (1600 to 1940 AD)
Industrialization Era (1940 to 1970AD)
Patient Care Era (1970AD to present)
Biotechnology and genetic engineering
Desflurane (suprane) 1992
general description , effects on organ system, specific physical properties, inhalational advantages and disadvantages.
desflurane vaporizer (TEC6 PLUS Datex Ohmeda), D-vapor , electrical vaporizer
Zenon (Xe) the Nobel gas , its anesthetic properties.
Inhalational Anesthetics; Isoflurane and Sevoflurane.pptxMahmood Hasan Taha
Isoflurane (Furane) 1979, Sevoflurane (Ultane) 1990s
general description ,physical properties and anesthetic properties .
Effects on organ system, contraindications, drug interaction.
History of Pharmacy | L 4|Empiric, Industrialization, Patient Care Era| Pharm...Tayyeb Mehmood
key points:
Ancient Era (Beginning of time to 1600 AD)
Non-Muslim (Babylon, China, Egypt, Greek, Turkey)
Muslim Era or Golden Era
Empiric Era (1600 to 1940 AD)
Industrialization Era (1940 to 1970AD)
Patient Care Era (1970AD to present)
Biotechnology and genetic engineering
Desflurane (suprane) 1992
general description , effects on organ system, specific physical properties, inhalational advantages and disadvantages.
desflurane vaporizer (TEC6 PLUS Datex Ohmeda), D-vapor , electrical vaporizer
Zenon (Xe) the Nobel gas , its anesthetic properties.
Inhalational Anesthetics; Isoflurane and Sevoflurane.pptxMahmood Hasan Taha
Isoflurane (Furane) 1979, Sevoflurane (Ultane) 1990s
general description ,physical properties and anesthetic properties .
Effects on organ system, contraindications, drug interaction.
Discussing many types of anesthesia vaporizer, the old and the new , the modern and advanced vaporizers.
also the mechanism of action of each type.
The properties of different types of vaporizers.
how to select your favorite vaporizer.?
Inhalational Anesthetics; Nitrous Oxide and Halothane.pptxMahmood Hasan Taha
All details about N2O and Halothane volatile anesthetic, their physical properties , their anesthetic effect on human body systems, also the indications and the history, the complications and contraindications, the metabolism.
How supplied ? Types of vaporizers, old and modern.
Discussing the history of modern volatile anesthetics, Halothane, Enflurane, Desflurane Isoflurane, and Sevoflurane.
Discussing the general points about volatile anesthetics, the MAC , partition co-efficient.
Factors affecting MAC.
Factors affecting the speed of induction and recovery from volatile anesthesia.
Anesthesia complications range from minor to catastrophic.
complications of general anesthesia might be due to difficulty in airway management or ventilation.
Also the complication might be due to cardiac arrhythmias and poor response to anesthetic effect during induction or maintenance or even the emergence from anesthesia.
So, the the systematic response to the effect of the anesthesia may occur at any time during surgery.
Some of the complications:
Hypoxia, arrhythmia, hypotension , hypertension, regurgitation and aspiration, hypothermia hypoglycemia, coronary ischemia, embolism, persistent apnea delayed recovery , and many others.
also regional anesthesia has its complications like nerve injury, post spinal headache.
Toxicity from local anesthesia is one of the important complication might occur during local infiltration.
principles of preoperative evaluation and preparation.pptxMahmood Hasan Taha
The importance of preoperative assessment and evaluation to prepare the patient to surgical procedure is directly proportional with the degree of successful of any surgical procedure.
So, good preoperative assessment and evolution is necessary to avoid the morbidity and mortality that expected to the surgical procedures.
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
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Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Factory Supply Best Quality Pmk Oil CAS 28578–16–7 PMK Powder in Stockrebeccabio
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2. Old Agent Release/
use
New Agent Release/
use
Ether 1846 Halothane 1956
Chloroform 1847-1848 Enflurane 1966
Cyclopropane 1936 Isoflurane 1979
Sevoflurane 1990
Desflurane 1992
3. History
• In 1845 Horace Well, attempted
unsuccessfully to demonstrate the analgesic
properties of Nitrous Oxide.
• T.G Morton American dentist (1819-1868).
With his former teacher, Boston chemist,
Charles Jackson, The tow discussed the use of
Ether (C2H5)2O.
4. • On September 30, 1846, Morton did first
painless tooth extraction using Ether.
• On October 16,1846, a demonstration of Ether
at the operating room of Massachusetts General
Hospital MGH.
5. Morton made the first successful surgery:
• Removing a tumour from the neck.
• Patient : Mr Edward Gilbert Abbott
• Surgeon Dr. John Collins Warren, in the same
theatre where Wells had failed nearly tow
years earlier using nitrous oxide.
6. • The entire medical community had been
shocked when the patient wasn't screaming.
• This theatre came to be known as the:
Ether Dome.
• The 16th of October being the Ether Day
which nowadays known as:
Anesthesia Day.
10. Unfortunately for Morton; other doctors tried
to claim that they discovered it before him, like
chemist Dr.Charles T. Jackson, and Dr. Crawford
Long, who claimed to have use it four or five
years earlier, but never showed it to the public.
17. Dr. James Young Simpson
The first narcosis with Chloroform was
performed by Dr. James Young Simpson on
himself on November 4, 1847.
18. • The first fatality was a15 years old girl called:
Hnnah Greener, who died on January 28,
1848, after receiving a Chloroform for the
removal of toenail.
• The question remain of whether the
complications were solely due to respiratory
disturbance or whether Chloroform had a
specific effect on the heart ?!
20. • Between 1864 and 1910 numerous
commissions in U.K studied Chloroform, but
failed to come to any clear conclusions. It was
only in 1911 that A.G Levy proved in
experiments with animals that Chloroform can
cause ventricular fibrillation.
21. • Between about 1865 and 1920, Chloroform
was used in 80 to 95% of all narcosis
performed in U.K and German speaking
countries.
25. • In 1934, Hans Franz Edmund Killian, gathered
all the statistics compiled until then and found
the chances of suffering fatal complications
under Ether were between 1:14000 and
1:28000, were as under Chloroform the
chance were between 1:3000 and 1:6000
27. • The rise of gas anesthesia using Nitrous,
improved equipment for administering
anesthesia and the discovery of Hexobarbital,
an IV anesthetic in 1932 led to the gradual
decline of Chloroform narcosis.
• In 1947 Ralph M. Waters attempted to
reactivate Chloroforom, but failed. The story
of clinical use of Chloroform ended 1976.
29. Cyclopropane
C3H6
• Discovered in 1881 by August Freund
(a German chemist).
• Its anesthetic properties discovered in 1929
by Henderson and Lucas.
• Industerial production: 1936.
• Introduced into clinical use by the American
anesthetist Ralph M. Waters who used a
closed system with carbon dioxide absorption
to conserve this costly agent.
30. Physical properties:
• Relatively potent.
• Colorless.
• Highly flammable.
• Sweet petrol smell.
• Nonirritating to mucous membrane and does
not depress respiration.
• Applied by cylinders and flow meters were
colored orange.
33. • MAC is 17.5%.
• Blood/gas partition coefficient is 0.55.
• Induction and emergence from cyclopropane
anesthesia are usually rapid and smooth.
• Cyclopropane shock: prolonged anesthesia
sudden decrease in blood pressure, cardiac
dysrhythmia.
34. • Shock, as well as its high cost and its explosive
nature, it was latterly used only for the
induction of anesthesia.
• Its clinical use ended since the mid 1980s.