1. VOCATIONAL TRANING
AT
BHARAT WAGON & ENGINEERING
CO. LTD.
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
PROJECT ON:- RAILWAY WORKSHOP IN BHARAT
WAGON
BY
ANAND MOHAN
ROLL NO.:-16901612116
ACADEMY OF TECHNOLOGY
HOOGLY:-712121
2. STATEMENT OF THE CANDIDATE
Anand Mohan
B.Tech 6th Semester
Dept. of Electrical Engineering
Roll No.-16901612116
Academy of Technology
I hereby state the Training Report entitled Bharat Wagon &
Engineering Company Limited, Muzaffarpur has prepared by me to
fullfill the requirements Training Report during period 15.06.2015
to 05.07.2015.
(Anand Mohan)
3. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I am highly grateful to the Wagon Eng. Co. Ltd., Muzaffarpur for
their kind co-operation and the favour they imparted to grant me a
vocational training seal and there after helping throughout the same. I
would like to express my gratefulness to Mr. Ranjit Sinha, General
Manager whose kind co-operation helped me in completing my
training. I am deeply indebted to Mr. A. Kumar, Chief Manager
(Works), Mr. K.K. Choudhary, Dy. Manager (Inspection & Planning).
My sincere thanks go to Mr. J.N. Parasad, Mr. S.N.Singh, Mr.
A.K.Singh, Mr. B.Singh, Mr. B.K. Shrivastava, Mr. V.K. Shrivastava,
Mr. C.S. Singh & Mr. A.K. Barun. I am also acknowledging my deep
sense of gratitude to the management and employees of Bharat
Wagon & Engg. Co. Ltd. Muzaffarpur unit for their kind co-
operation.
4. ABOUT COMPANY
The Bharat Wagon and Engg. Co. Ltd. Muzaffarpur Unit is engaged
in manufacture of goods wagon for Indian railways. It also
manufactures and supplies Sugar Machineries, Agricultural
implements and other mechanical and structural Jobs. This company
was started by an English man Mr. Arthur Butler around 1870, when
industrial revolution was taking place. In the starting period the
company did not have more then 120 worker. During this period the
business expanded greatly and the number of employees increased
tremendously. The company had 600 employees during the war
period. Up to April 1946 the company was managed by M/S Balwar
Lawrie & Company Limited, which transferred the managing agency
to M/S Jubilee Agents limited on 1st May 1946. After Independence,
British Management sold the same to Indians and since 1948 the
management was in the hands of Indian businessmen. The production
of company was closed during the period 1967 to 1972 due to some
reasons. After the investigation of the management the company was
taken over by the government of India with effect from 15th Dec.
1973 and ultimately it was nationalized on 8th Dec. 1978. The
company was renamed as Bharat Wagon & Engg. Company Limited,
Muzaffarpur. Presently more than 800 employees are contributed their
services to this unit of BWEL. Total area of factory – 196200
ft2Covered area of factory – 164691 ft2 THERE ARE TEN SHOPS
NAMELY:- (1) Press & smithy shop. (2) Electrical maintenance shop
(3) Cutting and welding shop. (4) Template shop. (5) Drilling shop.
(6) Structural shop. (7) Machine shop. (8) Foundry shop. (9) Wagon
Assembly shop. (10) Finishing shop
5. CONTENTS
Indroduction
Induction motor
Rotating Magnetic Field
AC motor performance
Nema specification
Nema Design Motor
About Shop
Press and Smith Shop
Hydraulic Shop
Cutting and welding Shop
Drilling Shop
Machine Shop
Horizontal Boring Shop
Foundry Shop
Wagon Assembly Shop
Template Shop
Finishing Shop
Conclusion
Bibliography
6. INDRODUCTION
Bharat Wagon and Engineering Limited ((BWEL) is a Public Sector
Undertaking (PSU) of the Government of India and is a subsidiary
of Bharat Bari Udyog Nigam (BBUNL). Established in 1978, BWEL
is the largest rail wagon manufacturer in India. The administrative
control of M/s Bharat Wagon & Engg Co Ltd (BWEL), Patna, a
central PSE and subsidiary of Bharat Bhari Udyog Nigam Ltd
(BBUNL) is transferred from the Department of Heavy Industry,
Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises to the Ministry of
Railways w.e.f 13 August 2008 (AN). The company maintains three
manufacturing plants in Bihar and is headquartered in Patna. One
such plant is the Bharat Wagon Workshop Plant in Muzaffarpur. In
fiscal 2006, the company incurred aggregated revenues of₹154.4
million (US$2.3 million).
It produces about 30 to 35 goods train wagon and average per month
ELECTRIC POWER IN BHARAT WAGON AND ENGG. CO.
LTD. (MUZAFFARPUR) There are mainly two electric power source
in the company. 1. Generator 2. Government electric supply 1.
GENERATOR:- In the company there are is two 60 k.v.a 3phase
alternator in which 1st is use to supply the power in company when
the government electric supply is cut off or trip down. In heavy load
condition both generators are added in parallel for supply the power.
Generator supply . comes through the under ground cable to the
changer board .it is connected to the change over switch (specification
is 660V, 500A, iron clate type).it is properly fitted beside the bus bar.
Any motor-load system can be described by the equation- The load
torque TL can be further divided as- (A) FRICTION TORQUE: -
Friction is present at the motor shaft and also in various parts of the
load. The friction torque is equivalent value of various friction torques
referred to the motor shaft. (B) WINDAGE TORQUE: -The opposing
torque generated by wind when the motor run is called Windage
7. torque. (C) TORQUE REQUIRED TO DO USEFUL WORK: - The
nature of this torque depends on the type of load. It may or may not
be a function of speed, it may or may not be time invariant. The
friction torque itself can be resolved into three components – friction
at zero speed i.e., static friction Tc. The other component is Tv i.e.,
viscous friction. And Tc is called Coulomb friction. The third
component is Ts that accounts for the additional torque present at
stand-still. Since Ts is present only at stand-still, it is not considered
for dynamic analysis. Load torques are of two types- Active and
Passive. Active torques have the potential to drive the motor under
equilibrium conditions. They retain their sign even when the direction
of the drive rotation is changed. Torque due to gravity is an example
of this type of torque. Load torques which oppose motion and change
their sign on reversal are Passive. An example of this is the torque due
to friction. Thus the N-T characteristics of an Induction motor are
modified due to the type of load.
Split-Phase Motors The split phase motor achieves its starting
capability by having two separate windings wound in the stator. The
two windings are separated from each other. One winding is used
only for starting and it is wound with a smaller wire size having
higher electrical resistance than the main windings. From the rotor's
point of view, this time delay coupled with the physical location of
the starting winding produces a field that appears to rotate. The
apparent rotation causes the motor to start. A centrifugal switch is
used to disconnect the starting winding when the motor reaches
approximately 75% of rated speed. The motor then continues to run
on the basis of normal induction motor principles.
8. INDUCTION MOTOR
POWER FACTOR IMPROVEMENT: -- because of more inductive
load from the motors it is necessary to connect the capacitors bank in
the circuit. There are 4-capacitor bank used when all the motors are in
running state.otherwise one or two or as per requirement capacitor
bank is used. BUS BAR: --from the bus bare electric is distributed in
different workshops. On the bus bar there are individual switch for all
the shops. For different shops we use different capacity of switch fuse
unit. MOTORS USED IN THE COMPANY 1. INDUCTION
MOTOR-:
1. INTRODUCTION: The Induction motor is a three phase AC
motor and is the most widely used machine. Its characteristic features
are-
Simple and rugged construction
Low cost and minimum maintenance
High reliability and sufficiently high efficien
Needs no extra starting motor and need not be synchronized
9. ROTATING MAGNETIC FIELD:-
An Induction motor operates on the principle of induction .The
rotor receives power due to Induction from stator rather than direct
conduction of electrical power. It is important to understand the
principle of rotating magnetic field in order to understand the
operation of an Induction motor. When a three phase voltage is
applied to the stator winding, a rotating magnetic field of constant
magnitude is produced. This rotating field is produced by the
contributions of space-displaced phase windings carrying
appropriate time displaced currents. These currents which are time
displaced by 120 electrical degrees are shown beside- We will now
consider a stator structure depicted along with three phase windings.
For convenience, each phase is represented by a single coil (though
the winding is distributed in practice).The coil a-a’ represents the
entire phase winding for phase a. Similarly b-b’ and c-c’ represent
the coils for phases b and c. Each phase winding produces flux
along its own flux axis and these axes are separated by 120
electrical degrees. Thus we see that at all time instants, the
magnitude of resultant vector is constant though the vector rotates at
a speed of Ns=120*(f/P) rpm. i.e., w s = 2*p * Ns rad/sec. For three
phase supply, this constant magnitude is 1.5 times the maximum
value. The speed w s (rad/sec) is called Synchronous Speed. The
rotating field induces an emf. In the rotor-circuit .Current flows
through the short-circuited rotor windings to produce a flux. The
rotor tries to catch up with the stator field but in an Induction this is
not possible (since this can be done only by using another starting
motor). If say w m (rad/sec) is the rotor speed, then the difference
between stator and rotor flux speeds is (w s - wm) (rad/sec). The slip
is now defined as when the rotor is stationary; the frequency of rotor
current is same as the supply frequency. But when the rotor starts
revolving, the rotor current frequency becomes dependent on the
relative speed. Let f’ be the rotor current frequency at any slip say s.
10. AC MOTOR PERFORMANCE
The behavior of electric motors is often displayed on a curve such as
the one on the right. The vertical axis is the rotational speed as a
percentage of the synchronous speed. The horizontal axis is the
torque output as a percentage of the full-load or rated torque. The
torque at the bottom of the curve (zero speed) is the starting torque.
This is the toque available to get a load moving, and is often an
important design consideration. The "knee" of the curve is the
breakdown torque and is the maximum torque developed by the
motor during acceleration. The slope of the curve near the full-load
operating point is the speed regulation. A flat curve (low slope)
indicates good speed regulation: that is, the speed of the motor does
not change significantly with load. A motor with poor speed
regulation (high slope) will change speeds as the load varies. This
produces a "soft" acceleration, which may be desirable in certain
applications where it reduces inertial loads, such as in cranes, hoists
and elevators
11. NEMA SPECIFICATIONS
The National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA)
standardized four basic design categories of Induction motors to
match the torque-speed requirements of the most common types of
mechanical loads. These basic design categories are Design A,
Design B, Design C and Design D. The Design B motor serves as
the basis for comparison of motor performance with other designs.
It has the broadest field of application and is used to drive
centrifugal pumps, fans, blowers and machine tools. It has a
relatively high efficiency, even at light loads, and a relatively high
power factor at full load. The Design A motor has essentially the
same characteristics as the Design B, except for somewhat higher
break-down torque. Since its starting current is higher, however, its
field of application is limited. The Design C motor has a higher
locked-rotor torque, but a lower break-down torque than the Design
B. The higher starting torque makes it suitable for driving plunger
pumps, vibrating screens and compressors without unloading
devices. The starting current and slip at rated torque are essentially
the same as that for the Design B. The Design D motor has a very
high locked-rotor torque and a high slip. Its principal field of
application is in high-inertia loads such as fly-wheel equipped
punch presses, elevators and hoists. The Design D rotor has
relatively high-resistance, low-reactance rotor bars close to the
surface. Design B and Design A have low-resistance with high
reactance at the deeper bars.
12. NEMA Design Motors
The National Electrical Manufacturers Association has assigned a
simple letter designation to four of the most common three-phase
AC electric motors. These vary in starting torque and speed
regulation. They are all of squirrel-cage construction, and are
available in many sizes. The figure at the right shows the
performance curve for each type. Note that this figure has torque on
the vertical axis and speed on the horizontal. NEMA Design A
Design A has normal starting torque (typically 150-170% of rated)
and relatively high starting current. Breakdown torque is the highest
of all NEMA types. It can handle heavy overloads for a short-
duration. Slip ≤5%. A typical application is powering of injection-
molding machines. NEMA Design B Design B is the most common
type of ac induction motor sold. It has normal starting torque,
similar to Design A, but offers low starting current. Locked rotor
torque is good enough to start many loads encountered in industrial
applications. Slip ≤5%. Motor efficiency and full load power factor
are comparatively high, contributing to the popularity of the design.
Typical applications include pumps, fans, and machine tools.
NEMA Design C Design C has high starting torque (greater than
previous two designs, say 200%), useful for driving heavy
breakaway loads. These motors are intended for operation near full
speed with-out great overloads. Starting current is low. Slip ≤5%.
NEMA Design D Design D has high starting torque (highest of all
the NEMA motor types). Starting current and full-load speed are
low. High slip values (5-13%) make this motor suitable for
applications with changing loads and attendant sharp changes in
motor speed, such as in machinery with flywheel energy storage.
13. PRESS AND SMITHY SHOP
This shop is working the guidance of Mr. A.K.Barun. In this press
and smithy shop there are seven small open hearth furnaces. These
furnaces are connected with blower is driven by induction motor.
The outlet of the blower is connected to the bottom portion of the
furnace where coal burns on the bed. In this shop more than 50
components are manufactured these are, Head stock pressing,
Anchor plate pressing, Anchor support plate pressing ,Foot step
,Pull rod, Head stock ,Hand wheel Bolster,e.t.c LIST OF
MACHINE IN PRESS AND SMITHY SHOP. NAME CAPICITY
NO. SPECIFICATION CAPICITY OF OF MOTOR MOTOR
(1) Hydraulic press (400T) 1 I.M 20HP (2) Hydraulic press (250T) 2
I.MS 16HP (3) Press machine (600T) 1 I.M 25HP (4) Power
Hammer (400kg) 1 I.M (5) Power Hammer (250kg) 1 I.M (6) Power
Hammer (100kg) 1 I.M (7) Power Hammer (80kg) 1 I.M (8) Coal
Fired Forge (9) Oil Fired Furnace (10) Blower 2 I.M
14. HYDRAULIC PRESS
The hydraulic press is used to manufacture anchor plate. For this the
plate is heated in the oil furnace. The heated plate is kept
horizontally on the machine table and the ram is allowed to press the
plate, due to downward movement the U shaped anchor plate is
manufactured. The specification of this machine is as follows:-
Nominal pressure -------------------------- 250 tons. Working pressure
-------------------------- 200 atm. Speed ------------------------------------
---- 0.020 m/sec. Motor capacity------------------------------50hp
PNEUMATIC HAMMER On this machine the part which is to be
manufactured is kept on the die after heating on the furnace and the
ram is allowed to strike the component on the die . Due to the strike
of ram the component takes the shape that of the die. This is driven
by 3phase induction motor.
15. CUTTING AND WELDING SHOP
This shop works under the supervision of Mr.A.K Singh.This is one
of the shops in which the basic work is performed . As the name
indicates this shop is mainly involved in cutting the plates of
different thicknesses in the desired shape & size and in the profile
cutting In this shop there is one shearing machine and two cropping
shearing machine for the cutting purpose. On the shearing machine
the plate to be cut should be flat & the thickness should not be more
than 8 mm. For cutting the flat plate is kept on the bed of the
machine & is moved manually. The plate to be cut is kept on the
bed with the help of crane . The machine consists of a cutting blade
& no . of pressing bolts . As the plate is moved inside the machine
the pressing bolts press the plate and keep it rigidly fixed the
downward movement of the cutting blade cuts the plate . On the
cropping shearing machine number of works are performed. This
16. machine can cut flat plate of small sizes, angle plates, square hollow
rod & circular hollow rod. Also this machine can be used as
punching machine. The another machine is chipping machine . This
machine is use to produce an inclined shape at the end of plate
which is necessary in the end to end welding . This machine has a
gun through which high pressure air comes This machine holds a
chisel. The high-pressure air pushes the chisel, which causes to cut
the plate. These are three probile cutting machines in this shop. The
machines consist of a vertical column and two horizontal arms. The
one arm consists of the templete and the another arm consists of the
welding torch and the small driving motor. This machine can cut the
plate of thickness of 35 to 40 mm, Through the welding torch
acetylene and oxygen gas is supplied. This machine requires extra
amount of oxygen gas. So two oxygen pipes are connected to the
torch. To cut the plate in the desired shape. The same shape
template is fitted to the upper arm and the magnetic roller of the
second i.e. lower arm is touched to the template. The driving motor
drives the torch. . The torch moves through the profile of the
template and the plate cut in the desired shape. One another plate
cutting machine is kangaroo machine. This is the biggest cutting
machine . This machine consists of two welding torch . The torch
can more in all the three coordinate axis i.e. x, y and z plane. This is
fully electronic controlled machine. This machine consists of an
electronic senson and a horizontal plate. The drawing of the
required shape is kept on the horizontal plate and the senson moves
through the black lines of the drawing . This machine can be moved
manually. The amount of acetylene and oxygen gas can be
controlled with the knobs. In the welding section mainly bolster and
cross bars are manufactured.
17. DRILLING SHOP
In this shop there are different types of drilling machines. In this
shop drilling is done by two method, i e. by marking and by jig. The
following are the drill size & which are used for drilling in this shop
is 5mm, 6mm, 11mm, 13.5mm, 17.5mm, 21.5mm and 23.5mm.
These are the drill size which are used here for drilling marking
takes a lot of time and it requires more skilled person for marking.
So drilling of component by marking is used for a few, component
where it is difficult to set a jig. For mass production of components
jig is used for drilling . The thickness of the jig plate, which is in
practice, is 12mm. To manufacture jig a hole greater dia. is done in
the jig plate and bush of required drill size is fitted in the hole . The
material of the jig bush is class IV and IS:1875 . In this drilling shop
18. there is one universal radial machine , two semi universal radial
drilling machine and a few ordinary radial drilling machine . There
is one gang drilling machine and one sensitive drilling machine .
The universal drilling machine is one of the important drilling
machine . The drilling machine can produce a hole in any direction
at any angle . The universal drilling machine consists of a vertical
column and a horizontal arm. The horizontal arm can move in any
direction i.e. horizontally, vertically, and at any inclination. The
drilling can be done by automatic feed mechanism and by manual
operation. The semi universal radial drilling machine is some as
universal radial drilling machine except this drilling machine cannot
produce a hole in inclined direction. This machine consists of two
electrical motors, one is used for the operation of drilling and the
another is used for the vertical movement of horizontal arm is the
feed. In these machine water is used as a coolant the chip which
comes out from the operation is continuous chips. The another
drilling machine is sensitive drilling machine. On the machine small
sized hole is drilling. Usually a drill of 5mm and 6mm is used. The
machine has a very long bed and a gang of three drilling machine.
This machine is used to produce a hole in the very long channel. For
operation the channel is kept on bed and the jig is fitted to the
channel and with the help jig bush the hole is produced at desired
position.
19. MACHINE SHOP
The shop works under the supervision of Mr. S. N. Singh. This is
the biggest shop of this organization. In this shop there are various
types of machines. Such as lathe, Drilling m/c, shaper, slotter
milling m/c grinder, boring m/c, planer etc. There are seven heavy
duty lathe machine, 11 lathe machine, 2 capstan lathe, 2 shaper
machine, one double shaper machine, 2 milling machine one
vertical and one radial drilling machine , 3 slotter m/c and two
boring machine .
HEAVY DUTY LATHE The heavy duty lathes have 4 jaw chuck
and can hold a job of 1 m. dia. The chuck can rotate up to a maxm
speed of 315 rpm. The motor, which is required to rotate the chuck
has the following specification. This is 3 phase induction motor and
require 415 volts . The type is delta connection. The horsepower of
the motor is 50 H.P. & the output shaft of this motor can rotate
speed of 1460 rpm. The tail stock of the lathe consists of a separate
electric motor to move it self on the lathe bed.
20. HORIZONTAL BORING MACHINE
This machine is used for the boring purpose of big components.
This machine is driven by electric motor & with the help of gear
mechanism the main shaft is rotated. The sail, which is to be
machined, is kept on the bed. Before it, a ring is inserted over the
sail to rigidly damp it. The main shaft consists of two heads, which
has groove in which cutting tool is fitted & fightened with the bolts.
The cutting head starts cutting from opposite sides. Both the cutting
tools rotate in opposite direction.
SHAPER MACHINE This machine which is used here is known
as Double shaper machine . As the name itself the machine has two
ram & one long table. Both ram is fixed on table & as per the
requirement one or both machine is used. This machine is used to
produce good surface on rough work piece. Also it can be used to
cut a key way & for many other operations too .
21. FOUNDRY SHOP
MR. S. K. Shrivastwa supervises the work of this shop. This is also
very important shop of this plant. In this shop casting is done. The
various parts of the wagon are manufactured in this shop. The
casting is divided into three groups Low, Medium & High casting .
The low & medium castings are again divided into sub-group Green
and Dry and loam casting or sweep moulding. For moulding clay is
mixed with sand to improve binding strength. Normaly Bentonite &
cow dung improves the porous nature of sand. Normally 3 % clay is
mixed with sand. For casting first mould is prepared with help of
moulding box. As per the requirement core is used in moulding. For
preparing core reinforcement is used which supports the core. The
core is bitted rigidly to perment the displacement of core due to the
pressure of the molten metal. Green casting is used for mass
production. For Dry casting, the core and the prepared mould is
heated from inside the coal oven to reduce the moisture & to
improve the strength & reduces the shrinkage allowances .
22. WAGON ASSEMBLY SHOP
In this shop the various components which are manufactured in the
different shops are assembled and the wagon is completed and then
set to the finishing shop . First of the assembly of wagon, the centre
sill is kept on the fixture .
CENTRE SILL This is manufactured in the sub-assembly shop. To
manufacture two Z channels are welded after welding the
supporting plate is welded to require position and then it is sent for
marking. After marking, drilling is done and coupler cashing is
fitted at both the ends and riveting is done by the air gun. Lastly it is
checked whether it is true size or not. If not the length is reduced by
gas cutting. The length of the center sill should be 9784mm and the
width should be 2960 mm. The centre seal is placed on the fixture
and cross bar and bolster is welded to it . After welding these two
seal bars are attached and is welded . Now this is known "Under
frame ". Now riveting is done. The head stock is also welded to the
centre sill at both the ends. The gusset plate and the cross bar
bottom plate is welded to bolster and cross bar respectively . The
strenger is welded to the under frame throughout the length.
23. TEMPLATE SHOP
Before describing the template it is worth while to elaborate the
word '' template''. This is a pattern or gauge a time in mass scale .
This saves a lot of time , as no marking is necessary when using
template. Basically templates are of two types (1) Marking template.
(2) Checking template. The main objective of this shop is making
templates of all the consigned wagon components where a certain
profile cutting is necessary. The manufacturing of template is done
with the help of the design and drawing provided by R.D.S.O.
Lucknow . Also the required allowances for different tools are taken
into consideration during marking the templates . This vary maching
to machine. The templates here are usually made of mild steel. They
are of small Thicknesses. Working in this shop needs greatest
accuracy because shape all the components made with the help of
template depend upon the shape of the template . Thus a minor fault
can create a great fault in the production. WAGON FLOW CHART.
24. FINISHING SHOP
After assembling the wagon is sent to the finishing shop. In this
shop the wagon is brought to the shot blaster chamber. In this
chamber small iron particle is allowed to strike on the wagon to
remove the extra welding deposit and the rust formed on it . The
high pressure air helps the iron particle to come out from the gun
and to strike rapidly . In this chamber the working condition are
very hazardous . So The worker wears oxygen mask before doing
work inside the chamber . After this the wagon is painted and the
specifications are written on the wagon and then dispatched to
Indian Railway . SUPPLIERS OF MAIN WAGON COMPONET
COMPONENT SUPPLIERS (1) WHEEL W.A.P. BANGLORE (2)
BOGIE BESCO KOLKATA (3) HIGH TENSION COUPLER
H.D.C. KOLKATA (4) AIR BRAKE EQUIPMENT 1.ESCORT
Ltd. FARIDABAD 2. STONE INDIA Ltd. DELHI 3. BHARAT
BRAKES & VALVE Ltd. KOLKATA (5) STEEL 1. BOKARO
STEEL PLANT (6) BEARING 2. TISCO. INDIA THMKEN
INDIA JAMSHEDPUR
25. CONCLUSION
A vocational training had been concluded in a very efficient way. We
have acquired through knowledge about making of wagon. Bharat
wagon & Engineering co. Limited ,being one of the oldest Railway
Workshop in the eastern India, had been acting as a pioneer in making
wagon.
Bharat wagon & Engineering co. Limited (A GOVT. OF INDIA
UNDERTAKING) which governs the making the wagon for
industrial and commercial requirement and attenuate the economic as
well as social well being on human-kind.
We have carried out this training under well experienced and highly
qualified engineers of Bharat wagon & Engineering co. Limited of
various departments viz Mechanical and Electrical Engineers. This
works of BWECL is very noticeable and very energetic. Although
this is an old railway workshop, the machine and entire instruments
are functioning very well due to proper maintenance and skill in
handling them. I was able to acquire practical knowledge of the
industry and about some theorectical engineering studies.
The project Report has covered the Mechanical overview and
electrical overview, various cycles and processes of making the
wagon and details of controls and instrumentation required in Bharat
wagon & Engineering Co. Limited.
