Vocabulary mayan2002

A
P R E L I M I N A R Y
CLASSIC MAYA - ENGLISH / ENGLISH - CLASSIC MAYA
VOCABULARY
OF
HIEROGLYPHIC READINGS
including
verb roots, inflections, nouns, adjectives, toponyms, proper names of objects and buildings, as well
as a selection of nominal phrases of gods and historic individuals
© January 2002
compiled by E r i k B o o t (Leiden University, the Netherlands)
Comments and suggestions are welcome at
wukyabnal@hotmail.com

Contents
Introduction 3
References to the Introduction 10
The Vocabulary, Part 1: Classic Maya - English 12
The Vocabulary, Part 2: English - Classic Maya 94
Appendix 1: Recorded Classic Maya Numerals 109
Appendix 2: Recorded Classic Maya Numeral Classifiers 111
Appendix 3: Recorded Classic Maya Names of the 20-day and 5-day Periods 111
Appendix 4: Recorded Classic Maya Pronouns 114
Appendix 5: Recorded Classic Maya Verb Roots 115
Appendix 6: Recorded Classic Maya Kinship Terms 118
Appendix 7: Recorded Classic Maya Animal Names 119
Appendix 8: Classic Maya Entries for the Swadesh 200-Word Diagnostic List 121

Introduction
A first version of this vocabulary (under a slightly different title) was compiled in the summer and
autumn of 1998 and printed November 30, 1998 (Boot 1998). It was first distributed during the
Maya hieroglyph course taught by Nikolai Grube at the Leiden University (September-December
1998). A corrected and extended version of this vocabulary was printed March 5, 1999, and
distributed at the 1999 Texas Maya Meetings, where it also entered the "Maya Files" that are
available during the meetings at Kinko's Copy Center on Medical Arts, Austin, Texas. New
additions, corrections, and extensions were subsequently entered on different occasions during 1999
(April, July-August), 2000 (April, August), and 2001 (January, April). This latest version was
subsequently emailed to fellow epigraphers in April and May 2001. Final additions and corrections
were entered in January 2002. For the first time, this vocabulary now also contains an English-
Classic Maya section.
The current version of the Classic Maya-English vocabulary contains over 1,100 main entries based
on decipherments made during the last 150 years (cf. Coe 1992). The English-Classic Maya
vocabulary contains over 575 entries. At present, it is impossible to accompany each entry by the
epigrapher(s) who presented the decipherment or reading in question first or with the most
convincing argument. For those interested in the history of decipherment I direct the reader to Coe's
1992 book, while also two extensive explanatory glyph identification listings are available. First, the
listing compiled by John Justeson, published in 1984; second, the listing compiled by Kornelia
Kurbjuhn, published in 1989. Both listings identify the glyphic signs according to the numbers as
allocated by Thompson in his 1962 catalog. Most of the glyph identifications have multiple entries
by different epigraphers. Through these entries it can be seen that not all epigraphers agree on certain
decipherments while many decipherments are outdated. It also has to be noted that more recent
decipherments are not included in these listings (1988 and onwards). For those readings the reader
may turn to a section entitled "Known Glyphs and Expressions" in the recent notebooks for the
Texas Maya Meetings, held every year in March in Austin, Texas. In an elegant way, the late Linda
Schele (1954-1998) introduces specific new decipherments (until 1997), the epigraphers who
presented these decipherments, as well as the applications and implications of those decipherments
(e.g. Schele 1998: 34-55). The most recent decipherments are incorporated in two new books, which
recently appeared in press. The first book is written and illustrated by Michael Coe and Mark Van
Stone and is entitled Reading the Maya Glyphs (Thames and Hudson, New York and London). The
second book is written and illustrated by John Montgomery and is entitled How to Read Maya
Hieroglyphs (Hippocrene Books, New York). Both books are excellent introductions to the
decipherment of Maya writing. Syllabaries of glyphic signs as developed by these authors can be
3

found on the web (URL <http://www.famsi.org>). A recently published collection of papers
contains many of the most important articles which have been written by various authors. These
different authors have helped shape Maya epigraphy as we now know it (cf. Houston, Chinchilla
Mazariegos, and Stuart 2001).
The entries in this vocabulary have been elicited from hieroglyphic texts (either carved, incised, or
painted) on monuments (stelae, lintels, altars, etc.), on portable objects of stone, bone, and shell, in
murals, on cave walls, on ceramics, and in the códices (the Maya screen-fold books).
For this vocabulary I present entries in compliance with the following phonemic
orthography, through which also the vocabulary is organized, which in alphabetic order reads:
', a, b', ch, ch', e, h, i, k, k', l, m, n, o, p, p', s, t, t', tz, tz', u, -V-, w, x, y. The
Classic Maya consonant and vowel system may be represented as follows:
a. Consonants
Labial Dental Alveolar Palatal Velar Glotal
Stops
voiceless p t k '
glottalized p' t' k'
voiced b'
Affricates
voiceless tz ch
glottalized tz' ch'
Fricatives
voiceless s x
voiced h
Liquids l
Vibrants
Nasals m n
Semivowels w y
b. Vowels
Front Central Back
(unrounded) (rounded) (rounded)
High i u
Mid e o
Low a
4

In this vocabulary I make no distinction between a glottal aspirate or glottal voiced fricative (/h/ as in
English "house") and a velar aspirate or velar voiced fricative (/j/ as in Spanish "joya"), as some
epigraphers do in recent epigraphic studies (including myself, cf. Boot 2000). In this particular case
the question is not if this distinction was made in the Classic period, but which signs contain either
/h/ or /j/ (see Grube 2002 for an excellent exposition on this subject). Notable different Classic
spellings would be 'a-T1042-wa and 'a-T683-wa that would transliterate ahaw (T1042 ha) (Late
Classic) and ajaw (T683 ja) (Early Classic); or na-T1042-la (Late Classic) and na-T181/683-la
(T181 ja) (Early Classic) leading to nah-al and naj-al. As such, aspiration in this vocabulary,
either glottal or velar, is represented through -h- (T-numbers refer to the hieroglyphic signs as
cataloged by Thompson in 1962).
Here I also present a listing of the current accepted syllabic values of part of the Maya hieroglyphic
inventory. Many entries can be found written syllabically and, if so, these collocations may begin or
end with any one of the syllabic values given. It has to be stated that a given syllabic value may be
represented by more than one hieroglyphic sign. Only in the fully illustrated version of this
vocabulary will the scope of the patterns of substitution (of "simple" syllabic or logographic signs,
celamorphic variants, and fully animated variants) through which decipherment became possible and
the richness of its graphic diversity become apparent.
Alphabetic Order Syllabic values
' 'a, 'e, 'i, 'o, 'u
a 'a
b' b'a, b'i, b'u, b'o?
ch cha, che, chi, cho?, chu
ch' ch'a, ch'o
e 'e
h ha, he, hi, ho, hu
i 'i
k ka, ke, ki, ko, ku
k' k'a, k'e, k'u
l la, le, li, lo, lu
m ma, me?, mi, mo, mu
n na, ne, ni, no?, nu
o 'o
p pa, pi, po, pu
p' -
s sa, se?, si, so?, su
t ta, ti, to, tu
t' t'a?, t'u
5

tz tza, tzi, tzu
tz' tz'a, tz'i, tz'u
u 'u
w wa, wi, wo
x xa, xi, xo, xu?
y ya, ye, yi, yo, yu
In this list certain versions of the syllabic values 'i, 'o, and 'u actually may be logographic signs with
the respective values 'I, 'O, and 'U. In this vocabulary I have chosen not to distinguish them and I
refer to them as syllabic signs, with, however, one exception, 'I for "hawk".
David Stuart recently proposed that certain syllabic signs are "doubled" through the addition
of two dots attached to the sign (Stuart and Houston 1994: 46-49, Figs. 56, 57), an identification
accepted by most if not all epigraphers. If such "doubling dots" are present they are indicated as
2ka. When "doubling dots" are intended (extrapolated through structural analysis) but absent, the
format ka is used (no addition to the sign, i.e. "abbreviation" in this context). In this representation I
differ from Stuart's original proposal to represent doubling as *ka2; I prefer 2ka simply because
"doubling dots" generally precede the syllabic sign in question (the upper left corner of the sign is
preferred by Maya scribes). An excellent and more recent discussion on "doubling dots" and their
function, with a different proposal on how to represent them in transcription, and other writing
principles can be found in Zender 1999.
Some epigraphers contend that CV syllables in final word position can be used logographically as
VC (e.g. la vs. *AL) (cf. Houston, Robertson, and Stuart 2001). These are then called
"morphosyllables" and only occur in final position. For the full argument I refer the reader to this
particular publication. Personally, I eschew this form of reconstructive epigraphy (it makes Maya
writing more perfect than it is and no writing system is perfect; a writing system is only an
approximation of the spoken language) and at present I follow a slightly less ambiguous principle
that may be referred to as "synharmonic vowel insertion", derived from a Classic Maya scribal
practice of occasional underspelling or abbreviation (sometimes referred to, erroneously, as
"incomplete spelling"): the root vowel of the syllable in final position will be inserted. For example,
B'AK-la leads to b'akal (B'AK-la > b'ak'-Vl(a), V=a > b'ak-al) or 'u-K'AWIL-la-li leads to
u-k'awil-il ('u-K'AWIL-la-li > u-k'awil-Vl(i), V=i > u-k'awil-il). A first example that militates
against morphosyllables is the occurrence of the -ib' instrumental suffix. It can be found in the
spellings CHUM[mu]-b'i (chumib'), WAY[b'i] (wayib'), and WE'?-'i-b'i (we'ib'). As a
"morphosyllable" it has been suggested that T585 b'i also functions as *IB'; however, I note that the
specific -'i-b'i spelling indicates that -b'i actually is an underspelling of -'i-b'i to lead to the
6

instrumental suffix -ib' (in this I follow a recent observation by Zender, cf. Boot 2000). A second
example can be found in the spellings 'u-b'a-ke-le, B'AK-'e-le, and B'AK-le for u-b'ak-el, b'ak-
el, and b'ak-el respectively (although the context is different, the suffix -el has the same
grammatical function in all three instances). For the -el suffix (on body parts, also referred to as
"partitive possession") three spellings are possible: -ke-le, -'e-le, and -le. No *EL value for the
glyphic suffix T188 -le is necessary to be reconstructed; these are simply three different glyphic
spellings which are used to indicate the suffix -el (note the "reduction" leading to "underspelling":
CV-ke-le > CVC-'e-le > CVC-le). A third example can be found in the spellings TE'-'e-le (e.g. Kerr
No. 3744) and TE'-le (e.g. Kerr No. 4991) in the contents part of the Primary Standard Sequence on
Classic Maya ceramics. These glyphic spellings clearly indicate "underspelling" (CVC-'e-le vs.
CVC-le) of the lexical item te'el.
As this vocabulary is still in a provisional format, I have chosen not to represent complex
vowels (-V:- [-VV-], -V'-, -Vh-), as possibly indicated through disharmonic spelling. Complex
vowels are proposed in a recent study by Houston, Stuart, and Robertson (1998). In their original
proposal (a new version is to appear in 2002) a CV
1
C-CV
1
/CV
1
-CV
1
synharmonic spelling leads to a
cvc transliteration, while a CV
1
C-CV
2
/CV
1
-CV
2
disharmonic spelling leads to either a cv:c, cv'c,
or a cvhc transliteration, depending on the root vowel and its disharmonic counterpart. The quality
of the complex vowel depends on existing forms in Maya languages as well as on reconstructed
forms in Common Maya. In their proposal na-hi leads to na:h, b'u-la leads to b'u'l, while 'a-ku
leads to ahk. More recent proposals by other epigraphers, linguists, and myself not only suggest
several amendments to the original proposal (e.g. -V'V- in cases of proposed -Vh- [chi-ku > chi'ik
vs. chihk] or -VVh- in other cases of -Vh- [NAAHB', NAAH-b'i, na-b'i > naahb' vs. nahb']),
but also question the validity of the original proposal. Most of these recent proposals, however, are
unpublished at the moment. Although I do agree that complex vowels are represented in the script,
none of the current proposals can satisfactorily explain all specific synharmonic and disharmonic
spellings in both Early and Late Classic texts. Also in this area more research is needed. Those
readers who study the transcriptions in detail will find disharmonic spellings to abound and as such
can themselves "reconstruct" complex vowels (to any of the "set of principles" they prefer). I ask
the reader to please take note of the fact that all transliterations in this vocabulary are only
approximations of Classic Maya lexical items, not "true" linguistic representations.
In this vocabulary each entry is followed by a translation into English; this translation is followed by
the hieroglyphic spelling through which the Maya entry can be found. As already may be apparent,
in the transcription of hieroglyphic signs bold typeface letters will be used, in which uppercase
letters represent logographic signs and lowercase letters represent syllabic signs. All transliterations
are placed in lowercase italic letters. Each lexical entry is also identified as to its specific grammatical
7

function. For this the following signs and abbreviations that indicate the grammatical class of the
transliterated forms have been employed:
- morpheme boundary within transliterations; boundary
separating logographic and/or syllabic signs in transcriptions
* reconstruction
Ø third person pronominal postfix ("he, she, it")
adj adjective
adv adverb
ag agentive prefix
C consonant (e.g. -Ci-)
cn composite noun
cop copula
dem demonstrative pronoun
iv intransitive verb
ivd intransitive verb (derived)
n noun
N nominal phrase
nc numeral classifier
num numeral
part particle
pol polity name (geographical and political territory)
poss possessive prefix
pre prefix
prep preposition
prpo pronominal postfix (absolutive pronouns, "Set B")
prpr pronominal prefix (ergative pronouns, "Set A")
pv positional verb
rv reflexive verb
suf suffix
top toponym (place name, locality, or region)
tv transitive verb
tvd transitive verb (derived)
V vowel (e.g. -Vw)
At present, this vocabulary does not contain all possible reconstructed forms or transliterations
leading to valid Classic Maya glosses, while at the same time it may include some transliterations on
which not all epigraphers agree. Some entries can be found which in the transcriptions have an added
query, either attached to the syllable or logograph (e.g. no?, 'AKAN?). The decipherment of most of
these signs is (very) recent and allows for further testing. Through the added query I express a
certain degree of doubt on the reading of the sign involved and, consequently, on the transliteration
and translation.
8

Any entry may be followed by examples, introduced by the sign "»"; if connections can be made to
other entries, these will follow after "see" or "also see". In quite a large amount of cases an
alternative transliteration is presented, introduced by "alternative". These alternatives may be found
in the literature, or the alternatives are based on a slightly different interpretation to provide a
transliteration based on the same transcription (in some of these cases the importance of disharmonic
spelling becomes apparent). Through the alternatives also vernacular variants are provided,
especially when only logographic signs are used (e.g., CHITAM vs. KITAM "jabalí, peccary").
Some alternatives are also listed as a main entry (e.g. chanal k'uh and kanal k'uh "sky-like god").
I qualify the "language" represented by the lexical entries in this vocabulary as "Classic
Maya", the hieroglyphic representation of the languages spoken between circa A.D. 250 and A.D.
1000 in both the Southern (e.g. the Petén) and the Northern Lowlands (e.g. Northwest Yucatán).
Ultimately it was also used in the Postclassic screenfold books, of which the Codex Madrid may be
of the latest date. Distinction between these languages for example can be found in marked spellings
as ka-SERPENT and ka-na for kan "serpent" and cha-SERPENT for chan "serpent", or ka-
EARTH or ka-b'a/ka-b'i for kab' "earth, land" and cha-b'i for chab' "earth, land". A more telling
example can be found in spellings as ya-HOUSE-ti for y-atot (Oxkintok, Río Azul), yo-to-che for
y-otoch (Xcalumkin), and yo-HOUSE-ti/yo-to-ti for y-otot (many other sites); all three entries
atot, otoch, and otot mean "house (home, dwelling)". These examples are area- as well as time-
period specific. Also several numerals can be found recorded in two versions in the vocabulary; for
example, cha' and ka' for "two" and chan and kan for "four". The case for the reconstruction of
numerals is specifically difficult as syllabic spellings are known to exist for only three numerals ('o-
xo for ox "three" [Codex Dresden], ka-na for kan "four" [Ek' Balam, painted tomb text], and (--)-
lu-ku for (b'u)luk "eleven" [Codex Dresden]). However, it may not be simply concluded that those
who preferred kan/ka'/etc. spoke a Yucatecan language, or those who preferred chan/cha'/etc. a
Ch'olan language in the Classic period. These might be cases of borrowing, amply attested in the
present-day languages of Yucatec and Ch'ol, or cases of retaining older expressions through a kind of
conservatism that holds "prestige". How the "languages" or "language groups" were distributed and
called in the Classic period (note Early Colonial language markers mayat'an, kampecht'an, and
putunt'an) and how many Classic languages actually may have been distinguished we simply do not
know at the present (currently there are advocates for at least two different linguistic models for
Maya language evolution, distribution, and diffusion, each with quite contrasting reconstructions).
To record those different languages, however, one writing system was employed, and this writing
system was highly uniform in its sign inventory throughout its application with specific periods of
sign elaboration and innovation (cf. Grube 1990).
Recently a new proposal on the language represented by hieroglyphs in the Classic Maya
9

period has been published (Houston, Robertson, and Stuart 2000). The authors propose that Classic
Maya hieroglyphic writing "convey(s) a single, coherent prestige language ancestral to the so-called
Eastern Ch'olan languages - the historically attested Ch'olti' language and its descendant, modern
Ch'orti'" with only sporadic and occasional intrusion of vernaculars. Their proposal has profound
implications, especially in regard to verb morphology (some of the items I have entered in my
vocabulary [e.g. -Vw, -Vy] only in part agree with their new proposal). For their arguments (as well
as some rather strong, if not excessive, objections and comments to their proposal) I refer the reader
to the original publication in Current Anthropology (in the tradition of this scholarly magazine, the
article is followed by a set of comments).
The two vocabularies are followed by eight special-interest appendices on recorded numerals,
numerical classifiers, names of the 20-day and 5-day periods, pronouns, verb roots, animal names,
and the Swadesh 200 word diagnostic list.
In conclusion, this vocabulary may serve as a potential listing of those subject matters which
made it into Maya hieroglyphic writing. Some of these subject matters were only recorded once or
twice, while others abound. I do not claim that this vocabulary is complete, as this is still "work in
progress".
References to the Introduction
Boot, Erik
1998 A Maya-English Hieroglyphic Vocabulary. Printed version of November 30, 1998.
Rijswijk, unpublished manuscript.
2000 Butz'aj Sak Chi'ik "Smoking Lark/Calandria Humeante", the Third Palenque Ruler.
URL: <http://www.mesoweb.com/palenque/features/boot/butzaj.html>
Coe, Michael D.
1992 Breaking the Maya Code. London & New York: Thames and Hudson, Inc.
Coe, Michael D., and Mark Van Stone
2001 Reading the Maya Glyphs. London & New York: Thames and Hudson, Inc.
Grube, Nikolai
1990 Die Entwicklung der Mayaschrift. Acta Mesoamericana 3. Berlin: Verlag Von
Flemming.
2002 The Orthographic Distinction between Velar and Glottal Spirants in Maya Writing.
In The Linguistics of Maya Writing, edited by Søren Wichmann. Salt Lake City:
University of Utah Press. In press.
10

Houston, Stephen, John Robertson, and David Stuart
2000 The Language of Classic Maya Inscriptions. In Current Anthropology, 41 (3): 321-356.
2001 Quality and Quantity in Glyphic Nouns and Adjectives. Research Reports on Ancient
Maya Writing 47. Washington, D.C.: Center for Maya Research.
Houston, Stephen, Oscar Chinchilla Mazariegos, and David Stuart
2001 The Decipherment of Ancient Maya Writing. Norman: University Press of Oklahoma.
Houston, Stephen, David Stuart, and John Robertson
1998 Disharmony in Maya Hieroglyphic Writing: Linguistic Change and Continuity in
Classic Society. In Anatomía de una civilización. Aproximaciones interdisciplinarias
a la cultura maya, edited by Andrés Ciudad Ruiz, et. al., pp. 275-296. Publicaciones
de la S.E.E.M., Núm. 4. Madrid: Sociedad Española de Estudios Mayas.
2002 Disharmony in Maya Hieroglyphic Writing: Linguistic Change and Continuity in
Classic Society. In The Linguistics of Maya Writing, edited by Søren Wichmann.
Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press. In press.
Justeson, John S.
1994 Appendix B: Interpretation of Mayan Hieroglyphs. In Phoneticism in Mayan
Hieroglyphic Writing, edited by John S. Justeson and Lyle Campbell, pp. 315-362. IMS
Publication No. 9. Albany, NY: State University of New York at Albany, Institute for
Mesoamerican Studies.
Kaufman, Terrence S., and William M. Norman
1984 An outline of proto-Cholan phonology, morphology, and vocabulary. In Phoneticism
in Mayan Hieroglyphic Writing, edited by John S. Justeson and Lyle Campbell, pp.
77-166. IMS Publication No. 9. Albany, NY: State University of New York at Albany,
Institute for Mesoamerican Studies.
Kurbjuhn, Kornelia
1989 Maya. A Complete Catalogue of Glyph Readings. Kassel: Schneider & Weber.
Montgomery, John
2001 How to Read Maya Hieroglyphs. New York: Hippocrene Books.
Schele, Linda
1998 Notebook for the XXInd Maya Hieroglyphic Forum at Texas, March 1998. Austin:
Department of Art and Art History, the College of Fine Arts, and the Institute of Latin
American Studies, University of Texas.
Stuart, David, and Stephen Houston
1994 Classic Maya Place Names. Studies in Pre-Columbian Art & Archaeology
Number 33. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection.
Thompson, J. Eric S.
1962 A Catalog of Maya Hieroglyphs. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.
11

Zender, Marc Uwe
1999 Diacritical Marks and Underspelling in the Classic Maya Script: Implications for
Decipherment. Unpublished M.A. thesis. Department of Archaeology, University of
Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
The Vocabulary, Part 1: Classic Maya - English
A
a- (1) poss second person singular possessive prefix:
you (in front of consonants) 'a
see: aw-
» a-b'a' "your self/image" 'a-b'a
see: b'a'
a- (2) pre prefixed focus marker (?) 'a-
» a-lay "(this one) here" 'a-LAY?, 'a-LAY?-ya, 'a-la-LAY?-ya
see: lay
» a-way "(this one) here" 'a-wa-ya
see: way
-a suff suffix that marks "persons" 'a
» eb'-a "stairway person" 'EB'-'a
» hoch' k'ak'-a "drill-fire person" ho-ch'o-K'AK'-'a
see: hoch'-, k'ak'
» k'ak'-a "fire person" K'AK'-'a
see: k'ak'
» k'uh-a "god-person" K'UH-'a
see: k'uh
a' n water 'a
see: ha'
» yaxa' "green water" YAX-'a
see: yax
ab' part "so, as such it is said/they say" 'a-b'i (Hecelchakan Museum column)
-ab' suf instrumental suffix -na-b'i, -ya-b'a
see: -ib'
» hanab' "(?)" ha-na-b'i
» wayab' "dormitory" wa-ya-b'a
ab'ak n ink, soot 'AB'AK, 'AB'AK-ki
see: sab'ak
ach n penis 'ACH-cha, 'a-'ACH?
see: at
12

ah ag masculine agentive prefix,
"he of..." 'a
» ah mutal "he of mutal" 'a-MUT
see: mutal
-ah (1) suf completive aspect suffix for transitive
and derived transitive verbs -Ca-ha, -Ca-hi
» y-il-ah-Ø "he saw it" yi-la-hi
see: il-, y-
-ah (2) suf thematic suffix on certain class of passives, identifying
them as derived intransitives -Ca-ha
see: -h-
» muhk-ah-Ø "he was buried" mu-ka-ha, mu-ku-ha
see: -VhC-, muk-
-ah (3) suf absolutive suffix on certain "personal property"
see: b'ahah, sihah, tupah, uhah
ahal (1) n dawn, conquest 'a-ha-la, 'a-ha-li, 'a-ha
ahal (2) adj manifested (?) 'a-ha-la, 'a-ha-li, 'a-ha
ahaw (1) n king, lord, ruler 'AHAW, 'a-'AHAW, 'AHAW-wa,
'a-'AHAW-wa, 'a-ha-wa
» b'a' ahaw "first king" b'a-'AHAW
see: b'a'
» k'uhul ahaw "god-like king" K'UH(-lu)-'AHAW(-wa)
see: k'uhul
» y-ahaw "(he is) the king of ..." ya-'AHAW, ya-ha-wa
see: y-
» ahaw-tak "kings" 'AHAW-TAK, 'a-'AHAW-TAK
see: -tak
ahaw (2) n 20th day of the Maya calendar 'AHAW, 'AHAW-wa
ahawil n kingship, lordship 'AHAW-li
see: ahaw, -il
ahawlel n kingship, lordship 'AHAW-le-le, 'AHAW-2le,
'AHAW-le
see: ahaw, -lel
ahawte' cn Ahaw Te' (title) 'AHAW-TE'
see: ahaw, te'
also see: yahawte'
ah b'ik'al n "scribbler" 'a-b'i-K'A'?-la
see: ah, -al, b'ik-
ah chak max N Ah Chak Max
(nominal on Laxtunich lintel) 'a-CHAK-ma-xi
see: ah, chak, max
ah chak sutz' k'utim
N Ah Chak Sutz' K'utim
(El Cayo sahal) 'a-CHAK-SUTZ'-k'u-ti-ma
see: ah, chak, k'utim, sutz'
ah chel wah N Ah Chel Wah
(paramount title at Chichén Itzá) 'a-'ACH-le-wa-hi,
'a-'ACH-le-wa-WAH
see: ah, chel, wah
ah chih cn "hunter" (lit. "he-of-deer") 'a-chi, 'a-chi-hi
ah hamlib' N Ah Hamlib' (title at Yaxchilán) 'a-ha-ma-li-b'i
see: ah, hamlib'
13

ah hun k'in k'ak'
N Ah Hun K'in K'ak'
(nominal phrase of Seibal king) 'a-HUN-K'IN-ni-K'AK'
see: ah, hun, k'ak', k'in
ah k'ak' muwan chak
N Ah K'ak' Muwan Chak
(nominal phrase of god) 'a-K'AK'-MUWAN?-CHAK-ki
see: ah, chak, muwan, ol
ah k'amlay cn Ah K'amlay
(title, "he who receives") 'a-K'A'?-mi-la-yu
see: ah, k'am-, -lay
ah k'an b'atz' N Ah K'an B'atz' 'a-K'AN-b'a-tz'u
(nominal phrase)
see: ah, b'atz', k'an
ah k'an max N Ah K'an Max
(El Chorro king nominal phrase) 'a-K'AN-ma-xi
see: ah, k'an, max
ah k'an tok' mukuy
N Ah K'an Tok Mukuy
(nominal phrase at Calakmul) 'a-K'AN-na-to-ko-mu-ku-yi
see: ah, k'an, mukuy, tok'
ah k'antu' muwan
N Ah K'antu' Muwan
(nominal phrase at Bonampak) 'a-K'AN-na-tu-MUWAN
see: ah, k'an, muwan, -tu'
ah k'an usih N Ah K'an Usih'
(nominal phrase of b'uktun king) 'a-K'AN-na-'u-si-ha
see: ah, k'an, usih
also see: b'uktun
ah k'in n Ah K'in
(title; "He of the Sun") 'a-K'IN-ni (at Xcalumkin)
see: ah, k'in
» ah k'in ah tz'ib' itzamnah "He of the Sun, Writer, Itzamnah"
'a-K'IN-ni-'a-tz'i-b'a-
ITZAMNAH-hi
see: ah tz'ib', itzamnah
» y-ah k'in "the ah k'in of ..." ya-K'IN-ni (Kerr No. 7459)
see: y-
ah k'uh hun n Ah K'uh Hun
("he of the god headband") 'a-K'UH-HUN-na,
'a-K'UH-HUN, 'a-K'UH-na,
'a-he-K'UH-HUN
see: ah, hun, k'uhul
ah latz n Ah Latz 'a-la-tzi
see: ah, latz
ah latz hun n Ah Latz Hun 'a-la-tzi-HUN-na
see: ah, hun, latz
ah latz u hun n Ah Latz U Hun 'a-la-tzi-'u-HUN(-na)
see: ah, hun, latz, u
ah pakal tan N Ah Pakal Tan
(nominal phrase of Comalcalco court official)
'a-pa-ka-la-TAN-na
see: ah, pakal, tan
14

ah pok' chih lakam yax lek hix
N Ah Pok' Chih Lakam Yax Lek Hix
(nominal phrase on ceramic Kerr No. 5722)
'a-po-k'o-chi-hi-la-ka-ma-
YAX-le-ke-HIX
see: ah, chih, hix, lakam, lek, yax
alternative: ah pok'o(l) chih lakam yax lek hix
ah si' k'ab' N Ah Si' K'ab'
(nominal phrase at Palenque) 'a-si-k'a-b'a
see: ah, k'ab', si'
ah siyah ich N Ah Siyah Ich
(name of god on Codex-style vessel)
'a-si-ya-'i-chi
see: ah, ich, siyah
ah tz'ib' n painter, writer 'a-tz'i-b'a
see: ah, tz'ib'
ah ub' n trumpeteer 'a-'u-b'u
see: ah, ub'
ah wak tun yaxun b'alam
N Ah Wak Tun Yaxun B'alam
(nominal phrase of Yaxchilán ruler)
'a-WAK-TUN-ni-ya-YAXUN?-
B'ALAM-ma
see: ah, b'alam, tun, wak, yaxun
ah yul n polisher 'a-yu-lu
see: ah, yul
ak n turtle 'AK, 'a-ka, 'a-ku
akan (1) n roar 'AKAN?
akan (2) N Akan
(nominal phrase of god) 'AKAN?, 'a-'AKAN?-na,
'AKAN?-na
akankeh pol/top Akankeh
(name of Yucatec polity) 'AKAN?-KEH?
see: akan, keh
akan sutz' N Akan Sutz'
(nominal phrase of scribe) 'AKAN?-SUTZ' (Kerr No. 1599)
see: akan, sutz'
akan yaxha' N Akan Yaxha'
(nominal phrase of god) 'AKAN?-na-YAX-ha
see: akan, ha', yax, yaxha'
akul (1) n Akul
(part of nominal phrases in the
Usamacinta area) 'AK-la, 'AK-lu, 'a-ku-lu, 'a-ku-'u-lu
akul (2) top Akul
(Petexbatún area toponym) 'AK-la, 'AK-lu, 'a-ku-lu
» uchan akul ahaw "(he is) the guardian of (the) akul king"
'u-cha-CHAN-'a-ku-lu-'AHAW-wa
see: ahaw, chan, u
akul mo' N Akul Mo'
(nominal phrase of captive at Yaxchilán [Lintel 10])
'a-'AK-MO', 'AK-ku-MO'-'o,
'a-ku-MO', 'a-ku-lu-MO'-'o
see: akul, mo'
15

akul mo' nab' N Akul Mo' Nab'
(Palenque ruler nominal phrase) 'a-ku-la-MO'-NAB',
'AK-la, MO'-NAB',
'a-ku-la-MO'-na-b'i,
'a-ku-la-MO'-NAH-b'i
see: ak, -al, mo', nab'
also see: k'inich akul mo' nab'
akul nikte' N Akul Nikte'
(nominal phrase of scribe) 'a-ku-NIK-TE' (Kerr No. 7786)
see: ak, nikte'
alternative: akul nichte'
ak' n tongue 'AK', 'a-'AK'
ak'- tv to give, to bring 'AK'-, ya-k'a-
» y-ak-'aw-Ø "he gave it" ya-k'a-wa, ya-'AK'-wa
see: -Vw, y-
ak'ab' n night 'a-k'a-b'a
» y-ak'ab' "his night" ya-k'a-b'a
see: y-
ak'ab' kayom N Ak'ab' Kayom
(nominal phrase of a god) 'a-k'a-b'a-ka-yo-ma
see: ak'ab', kayom
also see: k'inil kayom
ak'e' (1) pol Ak'e'
(Bonampak area polity name) 'a-k'e
ak'e' (2) pol Ak'e'
(Nimli Punit main emblem) 'a-k'e
ak'(o)t n dance 'a-'AK'-ta
ak'tah- ivd to dance 'AK'-ta-ha, 'a-'AK'-ta-ha
ak'tu' cn gift (lit. "give-thing") ya-k'u-tu-'u
» y-ak'-tu' "(it is) the gift(-thing) of ..."
ya-k'u-tu-'u
see: ak', -tu', y-
al n child (of mother) 'AL, ya-la
» y-al "(is) the child of" ya-'AL, ya-'AL-la, ya-la
al- (1) tv to say ya-la-
» y-al-h-iy-Ø "he said it" ya-la-hi-ya
see: -h-, -iy, y-
al- (2) tv to throw ya-la-, ya-'AL-
» y-al-ah-Ø "he threw it" ya-la-ha, ya-'AL-ha
see: -ah, y-
» y-al-h-iy-Ø t-u-k'ab' "he threw it with his hand"
ya-'AL-hi-ya-tu-'u-k'a-b'a
see: -h-, -iy, k'ab', tu, y-
-al (1) suf possessive suffix -Ca-la, -la
-al (2) suf toponymic suffix ("place of ...") -la
see: -il
» b'akal "Palenque" B'AK-la
» mutal "Tikal" MUT-la
-al (3) suf verbal suffix, only attested on the root tap-
» tap-al-ki k'ak' "he extinguished fire"
ta-pa-li-ki-k'a-K'AK'
see: -ki, k'ak', tap-
16

alaw n ballcourt 'a-la-wa
see: halab', halaw
-am suf agentive suffix -Ca-ma
see: k'ayam, tz'ib'am
amal n toad 'a-ma-la
an (1) n carving 'AN, 'a-'AN, 'AN-nu
an (2) n an
(relative to deity impersonators) 'AN, 'a-'AN, 'AN-nu
» u-b'ah-il an "(it is) the image an of ..."
'u-b'a-hi-li-'a-nu, 'u-b'a-hi-li-'AN
see: b'ah, -il, u-
an- (1) iv to be, to exist 'AN?, 'a-'AN?, 'a-'AN?-na
an- (2) iv to run (?) 'a-ni
-an suf suffix on certain positional verbs -wa-ni(-ya)
see: -w-
anab' n sculptor 'a-na-b'i
alternative: anib'
» y-anab' "(is) the sculptor of" ya-na-b'i, ya-'a-na-b'i
see: an, -ab', y-
» y-an-(a)b'-il "(is) the sculptor of"
ya-na-b'i-li
see: an, -ab', -il, y-
anayte' pol/top Anayte'
(Toniná area polity/toponym) 'a-na-yi-TE'
» yax ak, anayte' ahaw "Yax Ak, anayte' lord"
YAX-'a-ku-'a-na-yi-TE'-'AHAW-wa
at n penis 'AT-ta, 'AT-ti
see: ach
at-i tvd(?) to bathe ya-ti-, ya-ta-
» y-at-h-i-Ø "he bathed them(?) "ya-ta-hi, ya-ti-hi
-at suf suffix (of unknown meaning) 'a-'AT
see: tz'ib'at
atan n wife, partner 'a-'AT-na
» y-atan "(is) the wife of" ya-'AT-na
see: y-
» y-atan-il "(is) the wife of" ya-TAN-li
see: -il, y-
atot n house (home, dwelling) 'ATOT, ya-'ATOT, ya-'ATOT-ti
see: otoch, otot
aw- poss your (in front of vowels) 'a-wi-, 'a-wo-
see: a-
» aw-ichnal "before you" 'a-wi-chi-NAL
see: a-, ichnal
ayin n lizard 'AYIN?, 'AYIN?-na
ayin chan ak N Ayin Chan Ak
(nom. phrase of Pomoná lord) 'AYIN?-CHAN-na-'a-ku,
'AYIN?-CHAN-'AK
see: ak, ayin, chan
alternative: ayin kan ak
17

B'
b'a' (1) n gopher b'a
b'a' (2) n head b'a
b'a' (3) n image, being, self b'a
see: b'ah
» a-b'a' "your image" 'a-b'a
see: a-
b'a' (4) n protector (?)
(as used in ball game) b'a
» u-b'a'-il "(it is) the protector of" 'u-b'a-li
b'a' (5) adj first (in the sense of "head ...")b'a
see: yax, nah
alternative: b'a(h)
» b'a' ahaw "first king" b'a-'AHAW
see: ahaw
» b'a' al "first child" b'a-'AL
see: al
» b'a' itz'at "first sage" b'a-'ITZ'AT
see: itz'at
» b'a' ixik "first lady" b'a-'IXIK-ki
see: ixik
» b'a' sahal "first sahal" b'a-sa-ha-la
see: sahal
» b'a' uxul "first sculptor" b'a-'u-xu?-lu
see: uxul
» b'a' ch'ahk-ah-Ø u-k'ab' "first (time) was chopped his arm"
b'a-ch'a-ka-ha-'u-K'AB'
see: -ah, ch'ak-, k'ab', u-, -VhC-
-b'a' suf reflexive suffix; self, thing -b'a
see: k'ohb'a', winb'a'
also see: -b'ah
b'ah n image, being, self b'a-hi
see: b'ahah
» u-b'ah "(is) his image" 'u-b'a-hi
see: u
» u-b'ah-il "(is) his image" 'u-b'a-hi-li
see: -il, u
also see: b'a'
-b'ah suf reflexive suffix; self, thing b'a, b'a-hi
» u-cha'/ka'-ol-b'ah "his second ball-thing"
(Yaxchilán Lintel 10) 'u-CHA'/KA'-'OL-b'a-hi
see: cha', ka', ol, u
also see: -b'a
b'ahah n image, being, self B'AH-hi-ha
see: -ah, b'ah
b'ahis n image, being, self B'AH-si
see: b'ah, -is
b'ak (1) n bone B'AK, B'AK-ka, b'a-ki
b'ak (2) n youngster, creature b'a-ku
b'ak (3) n captive b'a-ka, b'a-ki
» u-b'ak "(it is) the captive of" 'u-b'a-ka, 'u-b'a-ki
see: u-
18

» ah wuk b'ak "he of seven captives"
'a-WUK-B'AK
see: ah, wuk
» ah k'al b'ak "he of twenty captives"
'a-K'AL?-li-B'AK-ki
see: ah, k'al
b'ak (4) n heron B'AK
b'ak (5) n cascade of water B'AK
b'ak- tv to capture, to seize B'AK-
see: chuk-
» u-b'ak-aw-Ø "he captured him" 'u-B'AK-wa
see: -Vw, u
» b'ahk-n-ah-Ø "he was captured" B'AK-na-ha
see: -ah, -n-, -VhC-
» b'ahk-w-ah-Ø "he was captured" B'AK-wa-ha
see: -ah, -w-,-VhC-
b'akab' n B'a' Kab'
(title; "First or Head Earth") b'a-KAB', b'a-ka-b'a,
b'a-ka-KAB'
see: b'a', kab'
b'akal pol B'akal
(Palenque polity name) B'AK, B'AK-la
see: b'ak, -al
» k'uhul b'akal ahaw "god-like king of Palenque"
K'UH-B'AK-la-'AHAW-wa
see: ahaw, -al, b'ak, k'uhul
b'akal wayal N B'akal Wayal
(variant title at Palenque) B'AK-la-WAY-ya-la
see: -al, b'ak, way
also see: b'akel wayal
b'akel wayal N B'akel Wayal
(common title at Palenque) B'AK-le-(wa)-WAY-la
see: -al, b'ak, -el, way
also see: b'akal wayal
b'al- tv to hide; to double b'a-la-
» b'al-ah "hiding" B'AL, b'a-la-ha
b'alah chan k'awil
N B'alah Chan K'awil
(nominal phrase of Dos Pilas king)
B'AL-CHAN-na-K'AWIL,
b'a-la-ha-CHAN-na-K'AWIL
see: b'al-, chan, k'awil
b'alam n jaguar B'ALAM, B'ALAM-ma, b'a-la-ma
see: b'olay, hix
b'alam ahaw N B'alam Ahaw
(nominal phrase at Tortuguero) B'ALAM-ma-'AHAW
see: ahaw, b'alam
b'ate' cn B'a' Te'
(title; "First or Head Tree") b'a-TE', b'a-TE'-'e
see: b'a', te'
also see: chakte', kalomte', yahawte'
b'ate' pitzal cn B'a' Te' Pitzal
(common Classic title) b'a-TE'-pi-tzi-la
19

see: b'ate', pitzal
also see: yahawte' pitzal
b'atun (1) n root of certain plant b'a-TUN-nu
b'atun (2) N B'atun
(nominal phrase common at Xcalumkin,
possible patronym) b'a-TUN-ni
b'atz' n howler monkey B'ATZ'?, b'a-tz'u
b'ay (1) adj fat (?) b'a-ya
see: chak b'ay kan ("great fat serpent")
b'ay (2) adv as such, conform b'a-ya
b'i' n name b'i
see: k'ab'a'
» u-b'i'-il "(it is) the name of" 'u-b'i-li
see: -il, u-
b'ih (1) n road b'i-hi, b'i
see: b'itun
b'ih (2) n line (of writing) b'i
» tat b'ih "thick line" ta-ta-b'i (Kerr No. 1196)
see: tat
b'ik'- iv to scribble b'i-K'A'?-
b'ital pol/top Bital
(Naranjo area toponym) b'i-TAL, b'i-TAL-la
b'itun n road, prepared surface b'i-TUN-ni
see: b'ih
» k'uhul ah k'ak' b'itun "god-like he of the fire road"
K'UH-lu-'a-K'AK'-k'a-b'i-TUN-ni
see: ah, k'ak', k'uhul
-b'ix nc count of five or seven B'IX, b'i-xi
» ho'-b'ix "five counted (days)" HO'-b'i-xi
see: ho'
b'olay n small jaguar b'o?-la-yi, B'OL?-la-yu
see: b'alam, hix
b'olon (1) num nine B'OLON
b'olon (2) adj "many" B'OLON
b'olon ahaw nah
N B'olon Ahaw Nah
(proper name of building at Tikal)
B'OLON-'AHAW-NAH
see: ahaw, b'olon, nah
also see: wak ahaw nah
b'olon chan yok'in waxaklahun yok'in
N B'olon Chan Yok'in Waxaklahun Yok'in
(nominal phrase of god) B'OLON-CHAN-na-yo-(OK)-k'in-ni
WAXAKLAHUN-(yo)-OK-K'IN-ni
see: b'olon, chan, waxaklahun, yok'in
alternative: b'olon kan yok'in waxaklahun yok'in
b'olon kalne'l N B'olon Kalne'l
(part of nominal phrases at Yaxchilán [bone pin + Lintel 42)
B'OLON-KAL-ne-la,
B'OLON-ka-la-ne-la
see: -al, b'olon, kal, ne'
b'olon k'awil N B'olon K'awil
(nominal phrase of Late Classic Calakmul ruler)
20

B'OLON-K'AWIL
see: b'olon, k'awil
b'olon k'inb'a' N B'olon Kinb'a'
(nominal phrase of god?) B'OLON-K'IN-ni-b'a
see: -b'a', b'olon, k'in
also see: wuk k'inb'a'
b'olonlahun num nineteen B'OLONLAHUN
b'olon ta chab' k'inich
N B'olon Ta Chab' K'inich
(Campeche area ruler) B'OLON-ta-CHAB'-K'INICH
see: b'olon, chab', ta, k'inich
alternative: b'olon ta kab' k'inich
b'olon te' nah N B'olon Te' Nah
(proper name of building at Palenque)
B'OLON-TE'-NAH
see: b'olon, nah, te'
b'olonte' witz top B'olonte' Witz
(Copán area toponym) B'OLON-TE'-WITZ
see: b'olon, -te', witz
b'olon tz'apal k'uh
N B'olon Tz'apal K'uh
(nominal phrase of god) B'OLON-tz'a[pa]-la-K'UH
(Kerr No. 2914)
see: -al, k'uh, tz'ap-
b'olon yokte' k'uh
N B'olon Yokte' K'uh
(name of god) B'OLON-yo-'OK-TE'-K'UH
see: b'olon, k'uh, ok, te', y-
-b'u suf suffix that derives a certain class
of transitive verbs, also to be found
on specific verbal nouns -b'u
» u-pat-b'u-h-i-Ø "he formed it" 'u-PAT-ta-b'u-hi
see: -h-, -i, pat-, u
» b'olon tz'ak-b'u ahaw "nine stacked/accumalated kings"
B'OLON-TZ'AK-b'u-'AHAW
see: ahaw, b'olon, -tz'ak
b'ub' n cylinder; long and round like a column b'u-b'a
see: b'ub'ul
b'ub'ul adj cylindrical; large, round (like a column) 2
b'u-lu
see: -Vl
also see: xo(l)
b'ub'ulha' pol/top B'ub'ulha'
(Piedras Negras area toponym)2
b'u-lu-HA', b'u-lu-HA'
see: b'ub'ul, b'ub'ulha', ha'
b'ub'ulha' cn water insect 2
b'u-lu-HA', b'u-lu-HA'
see: b'ub'ul, ha'
b'uch- pv to be seated b'u-BUCH?-
b'uk n clothes b'u-ku
» ni-b'uk "my clothes" ni-b'u-ku
see: ni
b'uk- tv to dress b'u-ku-
» b'uk-uy-Ø "he was dressed" b'u-ku-yi
21

see: -Vy
b'uktun pol/top B'uktun
(Yaxchilán area toponym) b'u-ku-TUN-ni
b'ukutz(1) n b'ukutz
(proper name of food stuff?) b'u-ku-tzu
b'ukutz(2) N B'ukutz
(part of nominal phrases) b'u-ku-tzi
b'ul n bean b'u-la
» ka-b'ul "our beans" ka-b'u-la
see: ka
» ka-oxb'ul "our three (bags of) beans"
'u-'OX-b'u-la
see: ka, ox
b'ul- tv to submerge (in water) b'u-lu
b'uluk num eleven B'ULUK, (--)-lu-ku
b'ut'- tv to cover, to bury b'u-t'u-
» u-b'ut'-uw-Ø "he covered it" 'u-b'u-t'u-wa
see: -Vw, u-
b'utz' n smoke b'u-tz'a-
» b'utz'-ah "smok(e)-ing" b'u-tz'a-ha
b'utz'ah sak chik
N Butz'ah Sak Chik
(nominal phrase at Palenque) b'u-tz'a-ha-SAK-chi-ku
see: butz', chik, sak, sak chik
CH
cha' num two CHA'
see: ka'
cha' adv again, a second time CHA'
see: ka'
cha' adj dark, obscure cha
cha'- tvd? to do cha
chab' (1) n earth CHAB', CHAB'-b'i
see: kab'
chab' (2) n bee, beehive, honey CHAB', CHAB'-b'a, CHAB'-b'i
see: kab'
chab' (3) n anteater cha-b'i
chab'- tv to supervise CHAB'
» u-chab'-h-iy-Ø " he supervised it"
'u-CHAB'-hi-ya
see: -iy, u
alternative: kab'-
chab'al k'uh N Chab'al K'uh
(title; "Earth-like God") CHAB'-la-K'UH, CHAB'-K'UH
see: chab', k'uh, -Vl
also see: chanal k'uh
alternative: kab'al k'uh
chach n basket cha-chi
chahuk n thunder cha-hu-ku
chahuk nah N Chahuk Nah
22

(proper name of building at Piedras Negras)
cha-hu-ku-NAH
see: chahuk, nah
chak (1) adj red CHAK
chak (2) adj great CHAK
see: yahaw
chak (3) n rain cha-ki
chak (4) N Chak
(nominal phrase of Rain God) CHAK, CHAK-ki, cha-ki
» chak chak "Red Chak" CHAK-cha-ki
see: chak
» ik' chak "Black Chak" 'IK'-cha-ki
see: ik'
» k'an chak "Yellow Chak" K'AN-cha-ki
see: k'an
» sak chak "White Chak" SAK-cha-ki
see: sak
chak- pv to tie up CHAK-
» chak-l-ib' "tied-up-thing" CHAK-li-b'i
see: -ib', -l-
chakal adj red ("red-like") CHAK-ka-la
see: chak, -Vl
ckakalte' cn chicozapote tree CHAK-ka-la-TE'
see: chakal, te'
chak b'ay kan N Chak B'ay Kan
(nominal phrase of vision serpent)
CHAK-b'a-ya-ka-KAN
see: b'ay, chak, kan
chak chel N Chak Chel
(nominal phrase of goddess) CHAK-che-le
see: chak, chel
chak ch'ok cn youngster CHAK-ch'o-ko
see: chak, ch'ok
chak ek' N Chak Ek'
(nominal phrase of Venus) CHAK-EK'
see: chak, ek'
chak ha' pol/top Chak Ha'
(Petexbatún area toponym) CHAK-HA', CHAK-HA'-'a
see: chak, ha'
chak sihom n Chak Sihom
(12th Classic Maya month) CHAK-SIHOM?-ma
see: chak, sihom
chakte' (1) cn cedar tree CHAK-TE'-'e
see: chak, te'
chakte' (2) cn Chakte'
(title) cha-CHAK?-ki-TE'
see: b'ate', kalomte', yahawte'
chak tzulha' chan tohat k'ak' ol k'inich
Chak Tzulha' Chan Tohat K'ak' Ol K'inich
(nominal phrase of yotz king) CHAK-tzu-la-ha-CHAN-na-to-'AT-
ta-K'AK'-'OL-la-K'IN-ni-chi
(Kerr No. 4996)
see: chak, chan, k'inich, ol, tohat, tzul
also see: k'ak' ol
23

chak u pakal k'inich k'an hoy chitam
N Chak U Pakal K'inich K'an Hoy Chitam
(nominal phrase at Palenque) CHAK-'u-pa-ka-la-K'INICH-
K'IN-ni-chi-K'AN-na-HOY?-
CHITAM-ma
see: chak, k'inich, pakal, u-, u pakal, k'an hoy chitam
chak xib' chak N Chak Xib' Chak
(nominal phrase of deity) CHAK-XIB'-CHAK
see: chak (red), chak (god), xib'
chak xiwte'i' N Chak Xiwte'i'
(nominal phrase of foreign deity in Dresden Codex,
perhaps Xiuhtecuhtli) CHAK-xi-wi-te-'i
see: kak(a)tunal, tawiskal
chak'at n Chak'at
(3rd Classic Maya month) CHAK-'AT, CHAK-'AT-ta
see: sip
cham- iv to die CHAM?-, CHAM?-mi-,
cha-CHAM?-mi
» cham-iy-Ø "he died (long ago)"
CHAM-mi-ya
see: -iy
chan (1) num four CHAN, CHAN-na
see: kan
chan (2) n sky CHAN, CHAN-na, cha-CHAN,
cha-na
see: kan
chan (3) n serpent CHAN, CHAN-na
see: kan
chan (4) n period of 144,000 days
("b'ak'tun") CHAN-na, CHAN-nV
see: pih, pik
alternative: kan
chan (5) n guardian, overseer CHAN, cha-CHAN, CHAN-nu,
cha-CHAN-nu, cha-nu
chan ak N Chan Ak
(common epithet at Naj Tunich) CHAN-na-'a-ku
see: ak, chan
chanal k'uh N Chanal K'uh
(title; "Sky-like God") CHAN-NAL-la-K'UH,
CHAN-la-K'UH, CHAN-la-K'UH
see: chan, k'uh, -Vl
also see: chab'al k'uh
alternative: kanal k'uh
chan chak N Chan Chak
(common epithet of rulers) CHAN-na-CHAK, CHAN-CHAK,
CHAN-na-cha-ki, cha-na-cha-ki
see: chan, chak
chan ch'en cn Chan Ch'en ("Sky Cave",
symbolic reference to locality of polity)
CHAN-na-CH'EN?-na,
CHAN-CH'EN?
see: chan, ch'en
alternatives: kan ch'en, kan k'en
24

» ut-iy lakam ha' chan ch'en "it happened at lakamha' Sky Cave"
'u-ti-ya-LAKAM-HA'-CHAN-na-
CH'EN?-na
see: lakam ha', ut-
» ut-iy ox witik chan ch'en "it happened at ox witik Sky Cave"
'u-ti-ya-'OX-wi-ti-ki-CHAN-na-
CH'EN?-na
see: ox witik, ut-
chan ch'ok wayib' xok
N Chan Ch'ok Wayib' Xok
(Piedras Negras artist's signature) CHAN-ch'o-ko-wa-WAY-
b'i-xo-ki
see: chan, ch'ok, wayib', xok
chan k'inich N Chan K'inich
(common epithet of rulers) CHAN-na-K'INICH
see: chan, k'inich
alternative: kan k'inich
chanlahun num fourteen CHANLAHUN
alternative: kanlahun
chante' ahaw N Chante' Ahaw
(nominal phrase of Copán patron deity)
CHAN-TE'-'AHAW
see: ahaw, chan, -te'
alternative: kante' ahaw
chante' sutz' N Chante' Sutz'
(proper name of building at Yaxchilán)
CHAN-TE'-SUTZ'
see: chan, sutz', te'
alternatives: kante' sutz', chante' sotz, kante' sotz'
chan witik top Chan Witik
(Copán toponym) CHAN-wi-ti-ki
see: chan, witik
also see: ox witik
alternative: kan witik
chapat n centipede cha-pa-ta, cha-CHAPAT-ti,
CHAPAT-tu, cha-pa-tu
see: wuk chapat chan k'inich ahaw
sak chapat, sak b'ak nah chapat
chapat chan cn centipede CHAPAT-CHAN,
CHAPAT-tu-CHAN
see: chan, chapat
also see: wuk chapaht chan k'inich ahaw
alternative: chapat kan
chata pol/top Chata
(toponym on Codex Style ceramics)
cha-ta
see: chatan
» k'uhul chata winik "god-like person of chata"
K'UH-cha-ta-wi-WINIK-ki
see: k'uhul, winik
chatan pol/top Chatan
(toponym on Codex Style ceramics)
cha-TAN-na, cha-TAN
25

see: chata
» k'uhul chatan winik "god-like person of chatan"
K'UH-cha-TAN-na-wi-WINIK-
ki, K'UH-cha-TAN-WINIK
see: k'uhul, winik
chay n fish cha-ya
see: kay
che' (1) n tree che-'e
see: te'
che' (2) adv quotative particle: "it is said" che
see: che'en
» che' ta k'in, che' ta hab' "it is said on (his) day, it is said in (his) year"
che-ta-K'IN-ni-che-ta-HAB'
che'en adv quotative particle: "it is said" che-'e-na, che-na
see: che'
» che'en t-u-b'ak "it is said on his bone"
che-'e-na-tu-b'a-ki
see: b'ak, tu
» che'en ti y-uxul "it is said on his carving"
che-'e-na-ti-yu-xu-lu
see: ti, uxul, y-
» u-b'a' a-kab' (a-)ch'en, che'en "(it is) the image of your land,
your cave, it is said"
'u-b'a-'a-KAB'-CH'EN-che-'e-na
see: a-, b'a', ch'en, kab', u
cheb' (1) n bamboo che-b'u, che-'e-b'u
cheb' (2) n quill pen or brush che-b'u, che-'e-b'u
see: chub'al cheb'
pokol cheb'
chel n rainbow che-le
see: chak chel, ix chel
chelte' chan k'inich itzamnah b'alam
N Chelte' Chan K'inich Itzamnah B'alam
(Yaxchilán ruler name, L.58) che-le-TE'-CHAN-na-K'INICH-
ITZAMNAH-B'ALAM
see: b'alam, chan k'inich, chel, itzamnah, te'
also see: itzamnah b'alam chelte' chan k'inich
chi' n mouth chi
see: ti'
chi' n ring
(round-shaped object) chi
» u-chi'-il-tun "(it is) the stone-ring of"
u-chi-li-TUN-ni
see: -il, tun, u
chi' n sweet, fermented drink chi
» ah chi' "drunkard" 'a-chi
see: ah
chi'il k'uh top? Chi'il K'uh
(toponym at Naj Tunich) chi-li-K'UH
see: chi', -il, k'uh
chich n rabbit (?) CHICH?-che?
see: chit, t'ul
» yax chich kan ahaw (nominal phrase of god at Chichén Itzá)
26

ya-YAX-CHICH?-che?-ka-na-
'AHAW
see: ahaw, kan, yax
chich n word, reason chi-chi
» chich winik "storyteller" chi-chi-wi-WINIK-ki
see: winik
chih n deer CHIH, chi, chi-hi
see: keh, may, sip
chihil adj deer-like ("venison") CHIH-hi-li, chi-hi-li
see: chih, -Vl
chihil tal chan N Chihil Tal Chan
(nominal phrase of Calakmul way)
chi-hi-li-ta-CHAN-na,
chi-hi-TAL-CHAN-na
see: chih, chan, -il, tal
alternative: chihil tal kan
chihlam n spokesman chi-hi-la-ma (Kerr No. 1728)
chik n coati CHIK?, CHIK?-ki
see: tz'utz'
chik n bird (generic) chi-ku
» sak chik "lark, sisonte" SAK-chi-ku
see: sak
chikah n chikah
(proper name of tree) chi-ka-ha
chikin n Chikin
(6th Classic Maya month) CHIK?-ni, CHIK?-ki-ni
chik nab' top Chik Nab'
(local toponym at Calakmul) chi-ku-NAB'
see: chik, nab'
chik'in n east (Postclassic) chi-K'IN, chi-K'IN-ni
see: elk'in
chilkay n manatee chi-li-ka-yu
chit (1) n father, patron CHIT?, CHIT?-ta, CHIT?-ti, chi-ti
see: kit
chit (2) n rabbit (?) CHIT?, CHIT?-ta, CHIT?-ti, chi-ti
see: chich, t'ul
» yax chit pat ik' ta nah k'uh
(nominal phrase of god at Copán [Stela A])
YAX-CHIT?-ta-PAT-ta-'IK'-
ta-NAH-K'UH
see: ik', nah, k'uh, pat, ta, yax
chitam n jabalí, peccary CHITAM, CHITAM-ma
alternative: kitam
chitin n oven, sweathbath (?) chi-ti-ni-
see: kun, pib'nah
» u-chitin-il "the sweathbath of" 'u-chi-ti-ni-li
see: -il, u-
chiwoh n poisonous spider chi-wo-ho
see: tiwoh
choch n intestines cho?-cho?
see: puch
chok- tv to throw, to scatter CHOK?-, CHOK?-ka-,
CHOK?-ko-, cho?-ka, cho?-ko
» u-chok-ow-Ø "he threw it" 'u-CHOK?-wa
27

see: -Vw, u
» u-chok-om-Ø "he will throw it" 'u-CHOK?-'o?-ma
see: -om, u
» chohk-ah-Ø "it was thrown" CHOK?-ka-ha
see: -ah, -VhC-
-chu' n thing chu
» u-k'an-chu' "(it is) the precious thing of ..."
(phrase on portable object from Ek' Balam)
'u-K'AN-na-chu
see: tu'
also see: k'an, u
chub'al cheb' cn quill pen/brush-container chu-b'a-la-che-b'u
see: cheb'
chuch n loom chu-chu
chuk- tv to capture chu-ku-, chu-ka-
see: b'ak-
» u-chuk-uw "he captured" 'u-chu-ku-wa
see: -Vw, u
» chuhk-ah-Ø "he was captured" chu-ka-ha, chu-ku-ha,
chu-ku-ka-ha
see: -ah, -VhC-
» chuhk-h-iy-Ø "he was captured (long ago)"
chu-ku-hi-ya
see: -h-, -iy, -VhC-
chum- pv to be seated CHUM[mu]-
» chum-ul-iy-Ø "he was seated (long ago)"
CHUM[mu]-li-ya
see: -iy
» chum-w-an-iy-Ø "he was seated (long ago)"
CHUM[mu]-wa-ni-ya
see: -an, -iy, -w-
» u-b'ah ti chum-il "his image for being seated"
'u-b'a-hi-ti-CHUM[mu]-li
see: -b'ah, ti, u
chumib' n seat CHUM[mu]-b'i
see: chum-, ib'
chun- tv to conjure (?) chu-ni-
chunk'u(l) n drum chu?-ni-k'u
chuwen n artisan CHUWEN?, CHUWEN?-na,
CHUWEN?-ne
» sak chuwen "pure artisan"
(dynastic title at Naranjo) SAK-CHUWEN?,
SAK-CHUWEN?-ne
see: sak
chuy- tv to weave chu-yu
CH'
ch'ab' n creation; penance, sacrifice CH'AB', ch'a-CH'AB',
CHAB'-b'a, ch'a-b'a
» a-ch'ab' "your penance" 'a-CH'AB'
28

see: a-
» u-b'ah u-ch'ab' "(he is) the image of the creation of ..."
("child of parent") 'u-b'a-hi-'u-CH'AB'
see: b'ah, u-
» u-sih u-ch'ab' "(he is) the gift of the creation of ..."
("child of parent") 'u-si-hi-'u-ch'a-b'a
see: sih, u-
» u-sih u-chit (u-)ch'ab'"(he is) the gift of the father, the creation of ..."
("child of parent") 'u-si-hi-'u-chi-ti-CH'AB'-b'a
see: chit, sih, u-
ch'ab- tv to create ch'a-b'a-
» u-ch'ab'aw-Ø "he created it" 'u-ch'a-b'a-wa
see: -aw, u
ch'ah (1) n drop, droplet ch'a-ha, ch'a-hi, ch'a
ch'ah (2) adj bitter ch'a-ha
» ti ch'ah ul "for bitter atole" ti-ch'a-ha-'u-lu
see: ti, ul
ch'aha(l)te' n ch'ahalte'(kind of drink) ch'a-ha-TE'
see: ch'ah, te'
ch'ahom n ch'ahom (title; "sprinkler") ch'a-ho-ma, ch'a-ho
see: ch'ah, -om
» ch'ahom-tak "ch'ahoms" ch'a-ho-ma-TAK
see: -tak
ch'ak- tv to cut, to decapitate CH'AK-, ch'a-ka-
» ch'ahk-ah-Ø "it was cut" ch'a-ka-ha
see: -ah, -VhC-
ch'ak- b'a' rv to self-decapitate CH'AK-...-b'a
see: -b'a', ch'ak-
ch'akte'el n palanquin, litter CH'AK?-TE'-le
ch'akte'el hixnal N Ch'akte'el Hixnal
(nominal phrase of way) CH'AK?-TE'-le-HIX-NAL
see: ch'akte'el, hix, nal
also see: way
ch'am- tv to receive; to take, to grasp CH'AM?, CH'AM?-ma,
ch'a-CH'AM?, ch'a-ma
see: k'am-
» ni-ch'am-aw-Ø "I received it" ni-CH'AM-wa
see: ni, -Vw
» u-ch'am-aw-Ø "he received it" 'u-CH'AM-wa
see: u-, -Vw
» u-b'ah ti ch'am "(it is) his image to receive ..."
'u-b'a-hi-ti-ch'a-ma
see: b'ah, ti, u
ch'amak n fox ch'a-ma-ka?, ch'a-CH'AMAK?
ch'at n dwarf, hunchback ch'a-ta, ch'a-ti
see: mas
ch'en n cave, well CH'EN?, CH'EN?-na
» ut-iy-Ø t-u-ch'en "it happened in his cave"
'u-ti-ya-tu-CH'EN?
see: -iy, tu, ut-
also see: chan ch'en
ch'oh n rat CH'OH
see: k'an b'a ch'oh
29

ch'ok n youngster, emergent one ch'o-ko, CH'OK-ko
» b'a ch'ok "first ch'ok" b'a-ch'o-ko
see: b'a
» ch'ok-tak "youngsters, emergent ones"
ch'o-ko-ta-ki, ch'o-ko-TAK-ki
see: -tak
» chan-tikil ch'ok-tak "four-people youngsters, emergent ones"
CHAN-ti-ki-li-ch'o-ko-TAK-ki
see: chan, -tak, -tikil
ch'ok n youngster, emergent one CH'OK-ko, ch'o-ko,
ch'o (underspelling?)
» ixik ch'ok "lady ch'ok" 'IX(IK)-ki-ch'o-ko
see: ixik
ch'ok adj young, unripe, emergent CH'OK-ko, ch'o-ko
ch'ok chaklib' cn Ch'ok Chaklib'
(caption of captive at Toniná) ch'o-CHAK-li-b'i
see: chaklib', ch'ok
ch'oklel cn unripeness, youth ch'o-ko-le-le
se: ch'ok
ch'ok winik cn Ch'ok Winik
(title, rare; "young man") ch'o-ko-WINIK-ki
see: ch'ok, winik
ch'om- tv to hit, to pierce ch'o-ma-
E
e' n tooth 'e
see: koh
eb' n staircase 'e-'EB', 'EB'-b'u, 'e-b'u, 'e-b'a
» y-eb' "his staircase" ye-b'u
» y-eb'-il "his staircase" ye-b'a-li, ye-b'u-li
see: -il, y-
eb'et n messenger ye-b'e?-te, ye-b'e?-ta
ek- pv to place, to enter; to insert 'e-ke-
» ek-w-an-iy-Ø "it was placed (long ago)"
'e-ke-wa-ni-ya
see: -an, -iy, -w-
eklib' cn placed/inserted object (panel?) 'e-ke-li-b'i
see: ek-, -ib', -l-
ekatz n load, tribute, bundle
(unique example at Xcalumkin) 'e-ka-tzi
see: ikatz, ikitz
ek' (1) n star 'EK', 'e-k'e
ek' (2) adj black 'EK'
alternative: ik'
ek' muyal chan top Ek' Muyal Chan
(domain related to Chak) 'EK'-MUYAL-la-CHAN
see: chan, ek', muyal
ek'te' cn ek'te'
(proper name of tree) 'EK'-TE'
see: ek', te'
30

el- tv to burn 'EL-le
» ehl-ah nah "burnt was the house"
'EL-ha-NAH
see: -ah, nah, -VhC-
-el (1) suf suffix on body parts ("partitive possession")
-'e-le, -ke-le, -le
» b'ak-el "bone" B'AK-'e-le, B'AK-le
see: b'ak
» u-b'ak-el b'alam "(it is) the bone of the jaguar"
'u-b'a-ke-le-B'ALAM-ma
see: b'ak, b'alam, u
» u-k'al-el hun "(it is) the wrapping of the paper"
'u-K'AL?-le?-HUN-na?
-el (2) suf -Vl instrumental suffix -le, -'e-le
see: te'el
elk'in n east (Classic) 'EL-K'IN
see: chik'in
em- iv to descend 'EM-mi, 'e-mi-
» em-iy-Ø "he descended (long ago)"
'e-mi-ya
see: -iy
-em n descend ye-ma-
-en prpo first person pronominal postfix:
I -ke-na
» a-winak-en "I am your man/servant"
(lit. "your-man/servant-I am")
'a-wi-na-ke-na
see: a-, winak
et- tvd? to work together (?) ye-TE', ye-he-TE'
» y-et-eh-Ø ... "he worked with him ..."
ye-TE'-he
ewitz top/pol? Ewitz (toponym or polity mentioned at Uxmál)
'e-wi-tzi
» ewitz ahaw "king of ewitz" 'e-wi-tzi-'AHAW-wa,
'e-wi-tzi-'a-'AHAW-wa
see: ahaw
H
-h- (1) suf syncopated thematic suffix -ah on certain class of
passives, identifying them as derived intransitive;
pressured by the suffix -iy (-*ih-iy)
see: -ah
» chuhk-h-iy-Ø "he was captured (long ago)"
chu-ku-hi-ya
-h- (2) suf syncopated -ah suffix for the completive on transitives
and derived transitives
» u-kab'-h-iy-Ø "he supervised it"
'u-KAB'-hi-ya
» u-pat-h-i(y)-Ø "he built it" 'u-pa-ti-hi
31

» y-at-h-i(y)-Ø "he bathed them" ya-ti-hi
ha' (1) n water HA', HA'-'a, 'a
see: a'
ha' (2) pro demonstrative pronoun
(he, she, it; this, that) ha-'a
ha'al n rain (lit. "water-y") HA'-'a-la, HA'-la
see: -Vl, ha'
ha'al winik N Ha'al Winik
(nominal phrase of way) HA'-la-wi-WINIK-ki
see: ha'al, winik
also see: way
ha'i' pro demonstrative pronoun
(he, she, it; this, that) ha-'i
see: ha', -i
also see: hi, hin
ha' k'in xok N Ha' K'in Xok
(nominal phrase of intermediate ruler
at Piedras Negras) HA'-K'IN-XOK-ki
see: ha', k'in, xok
ha'ob' pro demonstrative pronoun:
they, those ha-'o-b'a, ha-'o-b'o?
see: -ob'
hab' (1) n year of 365 days HAB', HAB'-b'i
hab' (2) n shrub, plant HAB'
hab'il n year, time, period HAB'-li
hab'nal pol/top Hab'nal
(Chichén Itzá toponym) HAB'-na-la
see: hab', nal
hab'tal n servant, worker HAB'-ta, HAB'-ta-la
hach n incised object ha-chi, ha-cha
» u-b'ah t-u-hach "(it is) his image on his incised object"
'u-b'a-hi-tu-ha-chi
see: b'ah, tu, u
hakawitzil N Hakawitzil
(nominal phrase of king mentioned at Seibal)
ha?-ka?-WITZ-li
see: -il, witz
alternative: winik kab' witzil
hal- (1) tv to say, to manifest HAL
» hahl-h-iy-Ø "it was manifested" HAL-hi-ya
hal- (2) tv to weave HAL, HAL-le
-hal suf -h-al, inchoative marker -(a)h- + -al
(incompletive aspect), "becoming"
-HA'-, -HAL-la, -ha-la
» k'an-h-al nah "House Becoming Yellow"
K'AN-na-ha-la-NAH
» yax-h-al chak "Chak Becoming Green"
YAX-HA'-CHAK,
ya-YAX-HAL-la-cha-ki
halab' (1) n throwing stick
("spearthrower") HALAB'?
halab' (2) n weaving HAL-b'u
32

see: -ab', hal-
halab' (3) n ballcourt HALAB'?, HALAB'?-b'i,
ha-HALAB'?-b'i
see: -ab'
also see: alaw, halaw
hal(a)b'om kuh N Hal(a)b'om Kuh
("Spearthrowing Owl" at Tikal) HALAB'?-KUH,
ha-HALAB'?-ma-KUH
see: halab', kuh, -om
halaw n ballcourt HALAW?, HALAW?-wa,
HALAW?-la-wa, ha-HALAW?-wa
see: alaw, halab'
ham- tv to open, to untie ha-ma-
» ham-al-iy-Ø "it was opened" ha-ma-li-ya
ham- pv to lie down (?) ha-ma-
hamlib' cn lied-down-thing ha-ma-li-b'i
see: ham-, -l-, ib'
han n flower ha-na-
see: nich, nik, sihom
hanab' n part of Palenque nominals HANAB', ha-NAB', ha-na-b'i
has- tv? (verb root of unknown meaning) ha-sa-
see: hasaw chan
hasaw chan N hasaw chan
(proper name of dance object) ha-sa-wa-CHAN-na
see: chan, has-, -Vw
» ahk't-ah-Ø ti hasaw chan "it was danced with (the) hasaw chan"
'AK'-ta-ha-ti-ha-sa-wa-CHAN-na
see: aktah-, ti
hasaw chan k'awil
N Hasaw Chan K'awil
(name of Tikal king) ha-sa-wa-CHAN-K'AWIL
see: hasaw chan, k'awil
hatz'- tv to wound, to split ha-tz'a-
» hatz'-ay-Ø "he was wounded"
ha-tz'a-yi
see: -Vy
haw n Haw
(18th Classic Maya month) ha-wa
see: ku(m)k'uh, ol
hawa(n)te' cn ceramic tripod plate ha-wa-TE', ha-TE'
see: lak
hay n ceramic bowl ha-ya, ha-yi
» u-hay "(it is) his ceramic bowl" 'u-ha-yi
see: u
hel- tv to change, to replace; to adorn he?-le-
» u-hel-ew-Ø "he replaced it/he adorned it"
'u-he?-le-wa
see: u-, -Vw
hemnal cn valley (?) he-me?-NAL
hi pro demonstrative pronoun:
he, she, it; that, this hi
see: ha'i, hin
33

hich n surface (for writing) hi-chi
» y-ich "the surface (for/of)" yi-chi
see: y-
» y-ich-il "the surface of ..." yi-chi-li
see: -il, y-
hil- iv to rest, to plant (?) hi-li
» hil-i-Ø y-ok ... "he rested his foot ..."
hi-li-yo-ko
see: -i, ok, y-
hin pro demonstrative pronoun:
he, she, it; that, this hi-na
see: ha'i, hi
hix n jaguar HIX, hi-HIX
see: b'alam, b'olay
hixil pol/top Hixil
(Tikal area polity/toponym) HIX-li
see: hix, -il
» hixil ahaw "hixil lord" HIX-li-'AHAW
see: ahaw
hix witz pol/top Hix Witz
(Yaxchilán area toponym) HIX-WITZ, HIX-wi-WITZ
see: hix, witz
ho' num five HO', ho-'i
ho' chan top Ho' Chan
("Five Sky", toponym in Dresden Codex)
ho-CHAN-na
see: chan, ho'
also see: nah ho' chan
alternative: ho' kan
ho'hun cn ho'hun
(part of female titles) HO'-HUN-na
see: ho', hun
» ho'hun k'uhul ixik "ho'hun god-like lady"
HO'HUN-na-K'UH-'IXIK
see: ixik, k'uhul
ho'kab' pol/top Ho' Kab'
(Ixtutz polity/toponym) HO'-KAB'
ho'lahun num fifteen HO'LAHUN
ho'tun cn five-tun period HO'-TUN
see: ho', tun
» nah ho'tun "first 5-tun period" NAH-HO'-TUN, na-HO'-TUN
see: nah
» wi'il ho'tun "last 5-tun period" wi-HO'-TUN
see: wi'il
hoch'- tv to drill, to perforate ho-ch'o, ho-ch'a-
» hohch'-h-iy-Ø "it was drilled" ho-ch'o-hi-ya
» hohch'-ah k'ak' "drilled was fire"
ho-ch'o-ha-K'AK'
see: -ah, k'ak', -VhC-
hohmay cn kind of heron HO'-MAY?
hol (1) n head, skull HOL, ho-lo
hol (2) n portal, doorway HOL, HOL-la
holk'uh n head or skull deity HOL-K'UH
34

see: hol, k'uh
» u-holk'uh-il "the head or skull deity of ..."
'u-HOL-K'UH-li
see: -il, u
» u-nuk holk'uh "the great head or skull deity of ..."
'u-nu-ku-HOL-K'UH,
'u-nu-?-HOL-?-K'UH
see: nuk, u
hom n gorge; narrow valley ho-mi
hom- tv to destroy ho-mo-
» hom-oy-Ø "it was destroyed" ho-mo-yi
see: -Vy
homal chak N Homal Chak
(nominal phrase at Yaxchilán) ho-ma-la-CHAK-ki
see: -al, chak, hom
hop- iv to stoke ho-po-
see: k'ak' hoplah kan k'awil
hoy- (1) tv to tie, to bind (traps) HOY?, [ho]HOY?
hoy- (2) tv to tie, to bind (ruler's headband) HOY?, [ho]HOY?-, HOY?-k'a-
» hohy-ah-Ø ti-ahaw-lel
"he was tied in kingship" HOY?-ha-ti-'AHAW-le
see: -ah, ahaw-lel, ti, -VhC-
alternative: hok'-
hoyah n hoyah
(title; once at Palenque) HO'-ya-hi
see: hoy-
» chum-ul-iy-Ø ta hoyah "she was seated as hoyah"
CHUM[mu]-li-ya-ta-HO'-ya-hi
see: chum-, -iy, ta
hoy b'alam N Hoy B'alam
(Yaxchilán ruler) HOY?-B'ALAM-ma
see: b'alam, hoy-
hoy chan pol/top Hoy Chan
(Comalcalco polity emblem) HOY?-CHAN-na
alternative: hoy kan, hok' chan/kan
hoy chitam ak N Hoy Chitam Ak
(nominal phrase of Piedras Negras
heir apparent) HOY?-CHITAM-'a-ku
see: ak, chitam, hoy-
alternative: hoy kitam ak, hok' chitam/kitam ak
hub' n conch, trumpet hu-b'i, hu-b'a
see: ah ub', uk'es
hub'- tv to take down hu-bu-
» hub-uy-Ø "it was taken down"
hu-bu-yi
see: -Vy
huch n conch-shell hu-chi, hu-chu
huh n iguana HUH, hu-hu
hukub' n canoe HUKUB', hu-ku-b'i
» ah payil hukub' "canoe guide" 'a-pa-ya-li-hu-ku-b'i
see: ah, payil
hul n perforator, dart, spear hu-lu
35

» k'ak'al hul "fiery dart, spear" K'AK'-la-hu-lu
see: k'ak', -Vl
hul- tv to throw, to shoot HUL-, HUL-lu
» u-hul-uw-Ø "he threw it" 'u-HUL-wa
see: u-, -Vw
hul- iv to arrive HUL-li, hu-li
see: tal-, ul-
» hul-iy-Ø "he arrived (long ago)"
HUL-li-ya, hu-li-ya
see: -iy
hulb'ak cn perforator bone hu-lu-B'AK, hu-li-b'a-ki
» u-hulb'ak "(is) the perforator bone of"
'u-hu-li-b'a-ki
see: b'ak, hul, u
hulpi' pol/top Hulpi'
(Ixkun polity emblem) hu-HUL-pi, HUL-li-pi
hun (1) num one HUN
hun (2) n bark; book, paper HUN, HUN-na, hu-na
hun (3) n headband HUN, HUN-na, hu-na
see: hunal
hun ahaw N Hun Ahaw
(nominal phrase for one of the Classic Hero Twins)
HUN-'AHAW
see: ahaw, hun
hunal n headband hu-na-la, HUN-la
see: -al, hun
hun hun ahaw N Hun Hun Ahaw
(nominal phrase of god) HUN-HUN-'AHAW
see: ahaw, hun
hun nal chak nab' kan
N Hun Nal Chak Nab' Kan
(nominal on Site Q Panel) HUN-NAL-CHAK-NAB'-b'i-KAN,
HUN-NAL-CHAK-NAB'-b'i-KAN-nu
see: chak, hun, kan, nab', nal
hun nat omotz N Hun Nat Omotz
(Piedras Negras artist's signature)
HUN-na-ta-'o-mo-tzi
see: hun, nat, omotz
hunpik tok' N Hunpik Tok'
(epithet of Ek' Balam king) HUN-pi-ki-TOK'
see: hun, -pik, tok'
huntan cn cherished, beloved HUN-TAN, HUN-TAN-na,
HUN-ta-na, Hun-TAN-ni
» u-huntan "(is) the cherished one of ..."
'u-HUN-TAN-na
see: u-
huntan ak N Huntan Ak
(name of Piedras Negras lady) HUN-TAN-ni-'a-ku
see: ak, huntan
hun witzil chak N Hun Witzil Chak
(nominal phrase at Yaxchilán) HUN-WITZ-li-CHAK-ki
see: chak, hun, -il, witz
hun yahawal winik
36

N Hun Yahawal Winik
(epithet at Chichén Itzá) HUN-ya-ha-wa-la-WINIK-ki
see: -al, hun, yahaw, winik
hunye' nal N Hunye' Nal
(nominal phrase of god) HUN-ye-NAL
also see: hun, nal, -ye'
I
i' (1) part and then 'i
i' (2) n hawk 'I
-i (1) suf completive aspect marker on derived and
root intransitive verbs -Ci
-i (2) suf suffixed focus marker -'i
» ha'i "demonstative pronoun" ha-'i
-ib' suf instrumental suffix which derives a
noun from a verb -b'i, -'i-b'i
see: -ab'
» u-we'ib' "(it is) the bread eating instrument of ..."
'u-WE'?-'i-b'i
see: u-, we'
» chumib' "seat" CHUM[mu]-b'i
see: chum-
» okib' "pedestal" 'o-ki-b'i
see: ok-
» wayib' "domicile, dormitory" WAY[b'i]
see: way-
ib'ach n armadillo 'i-b'a-cha
ib'il pol/top Ib'il
(Naj Tunich area toponym) 'i-b'i-li?
» k'uhul ib'il winik "god-like ib'il person"
K'UH-'i-b'i-li?-WINIK-ki
see: k'uhul, winik
» k'uhul ib'il ahaw "god-like ib'il lord"
K'UH-'i[b'i]-li-'a-ha-wa
see: ahaw, k'uhul
ich (1) n chile 'i-chi
ich (2) n eye, face -Ci-chi
ichan n mother's brother yi-cha-ni
ichil prep in, within
(at Chichén Itzá only) 'i-chi-la
» ichil b'uluk tun, ta (hun) ahaw "within (the) eleventh tun
in (1) Ahaw"
'i-chi-la-B'ULUK-TUN-ni
-ta-'AHAW-wa
see: ahaw, b'uluk, hun, ta, tun
ichil- iv? to bathe 'i-chi-li
ichki(l)- iv? to bathe 'i-chi-ki
-ichnal cop with ("in the company of") yi-chi-NAL, yi-chi-NAL-la,
yi-chi-na-la
» aw-ichnal "with you (in the sense of "before you")"
37

'a-wi-chi-NAL
see: aw-
» y-ichnal "with him" yi-chi-NAL-la, yi-chi-na-la
see: y-
ich'ak n claw 'ICH'AK, 'ICH'AK-ki,
yi-ch'a-ki
-ih suf temporal suffix: "ago" -b'i-hi, -ni-hi
» cha'-b'-ih "two (days) ago" CHA'-b'i-hi
see: cha'
» b'olon-ih "nine (days) ago" B'OLON-ni-hi
see: b'olon
-ih-iy suf temporal suffix: "ago" -Ci-hi-ya
» b'olon-ih-iy "nine (days) ago" B'OLON-ni-hi-ya
see: b'olon, -ih, -iy
» wuklahun-ih-iy "seventeen (days) ago"
WUKLAHUN-ni-hi-ya
see: wuklahun, -ih, -iy
ikatz n load, tribute, bundle 'i-ka-tzi
see: ekatz, ikitz
iki(m) kuy n kind of owl 'i-ki-ku-yu
see: kuy
ikitz n load, tribute, bundle 'i-ki-tzi
see: ekatz, ikatz
ik' adj black 'IK'
alternative: ek'
ik'at n Ik'at
(2nd Classic Maya month) 'IK'-'AT, 'IK'-'AT-ta
see: wo', woh
ik' chih N Ik' Chih
(name of captive, king of Lakamtun)
'IK'-chi-hi
see: chih, ik'
ik' sihom n Ik' Sihom
(9th Classic Maya month) 'IK'-SIHOM?, 'IK'-SIHOM?-ma,
'i-ki-SIHOM?-ma (Landa)
see: ik', sihom
il- tv to see 'IL-, 'IL-la-, 'IL, li-, 'i-la-
» y-il-ah-Ø "he saw it" yi-la-hi
see: -ah, y-
» y-il-iw-Ø "he saw it" yi-li-wa
see: -Vw, y-
» ihl-ah-Ø "it was seen" 'i-la-ha, 'IL-li-'a-ha
see: -ah, -VhC-
-il (1) suf possessive suffix -li, -Ci-li
» u-k'awil-il "the k'awil of ..." 'u-K'AWIL-la-li
see: k'awil, u
» y-ok(i)b'-il "(it is) the pedestal of ..."
yo-ko-b'i-li
see: okib', y-
-il (2) suff suffix that marks place names -li
see: -al
» hixil ahaw "jaguar place lord" HIX-li-'AHAW
see: ahaw, hix
38

» yax(*u)n-il "cotinga place" YAX-ni-la
see: yaxnil, yaxun
iltun cn iltun (proper name of
throne or stone seat) 'IL-TUN-ni
see: il-, tun
in- (1) pro first person pronoun:
I 'i-ni
see: ni
in- (2) pro first person possessive pronoun:
my 'i-ni
see: ni
ip n strength 'i-pi
-is suff absolutive suffix on body-parts si
» b'ah-is "head" B'AH-si
» k'ab'-is "hand" k'a-b'a-si
» k'ak'-is "fire" 2
k'a-si
» ol-is "heart" 'OL-la-si, 'o-'OL-si, 'o-la-si
» ut-is "face" 'UT?-si
» way-is "co-essence" WAY-ya-si, WAY-si
ita n companion yi-ta
see: y-
ita-a tvd to accompany yi-ta-
» y-it-ah-Ø "he (has) accompanied him"
yi-ta-hi, yi-ta-he, yi-ta-ha
see: -ah, y-
» y-it-h-iy-Ø "he (has) accompanied him (long ago)"
yi-ta-hi-ya
see: -h-, -iy, y-
ita-hul cn fellow-traveler yi-ta-HUL
see: hul-, ita
itz adj enchanted 'i-tza
» itz-a' (*itzha') "enchanted water"
'i-tza-'a
see: a', ha'
itza' top Itzá'
(toponym in the central Petén) ['i]tza-'a, ['i]tza
see: a', ha', itz
» ix(ik) itza' "lady of itza'" 'IX(IK)-['i?]tza
» itza' ahaw "itza' king" ['i]tza-'a-'AHAW
see: ahaw
» k'uhul itza' ahaw "god-like itza' king"
K'UH-['i]tza-'AHAW
see: ahaw, k'uhul
itzam n lizard, iguana 'ITZAM?
itzam k'an ak N Itzam K'an Ak
(nominal phrase of Piedras Negras Ruler A)
'ITZAM?-K'AN-'AK
see: ak, itzam, k'an
itzamnah N Itzamnáh
(nominal phrase of god) 'ITZAMNAH, 'i-'ITZAMNAH,
'ITZAMNA-na, 'ITZAMNAH-hi
itzamnah b'alam
N 1. Itzamnah B'alam
(nominal phrase of Yaxchilán rulers)
39

'ITZAMNAH-B'ALAM(-ma)
2. Itzamnah B'alam
(nominal phrase of Dos Pilas ruler)
'ITZAMNAH-hi-B'ALAM-ma
see: b'alam, itzamnah
itzamnah b'alam chelte' chan k'inich
N Itzamnah B'alam Chelte' Chan K'inich
(Yaxchilán ruler name, L.52) 'ITZAMNAH-B'ALAM-
che-le-TE'-CHAN-na-K'INICH-
see: b'alam, chan k'inich, chel, itzamnah, te'
also see: chelte' chan k'inich itzamnah b'alam
alternative: itzamnah b'alam chelet chan/kan k'inich
itzamnah k'awil N Itzamnah K'awil
(nominal phrase of Naranjo ruler)
'ITZAMNAH-hi-K'AWIL
see: itzamnah, k'awil
itz'at n sage, wise man 'ITZ'AT, 'ITZ'AT-ta, 'i-tz'a-ta,
'ITZ'AT-ti, 'i-tz'a-ti
» chum-w-an-i-Ø ta itz'at "he was seated as itz'at"
CHUM[mu]-wa-ni-ta-'ITZ'AT
see: -an, chum-, -w-
itz'at k'inich b'a'
N Itz'at K'inich B'a'
(nominal phrase on Copán ceramic)
ITZ'AT-ti-K'INICH-chi-b'a
see: b'a', itz'at, k'inich
itz'at tohat b'alam
N Itz'at Tohat B'alam
(nominal phrase on Codex Style ceramic)
'ITZ'AT-ti-to-'AT-ti-B'ALAM
see: b'alam, itz'at, tohat
itz'in n younger brother 'i-tz'i-ni, i-tz'i, yi-tz'i-ni, yi-tz'i-na
» itz'i(n) winik "younger brother person"
'i-tz'i-wi-WINIK-ki
see: winik
also see: saku(n), suku(n)
ix (1) ag feminine agentive prefix 'IX, 'i-xi
ix (2) pre prefix on plant names 'IX, 'i-'IX
» ix-te'el kakaw "small wild cacao"
'i-'IX-TE'-le-ka-ka-wa
see: kakaw, te'el
ix akul patah N Ix Akul Patah
(nominal phrase at Bonampak) 'IX-'a-ku-la-pa-ta-ha,
'IX-'a-ku-lu-pa-ta-ha
see: akul, ix, patah
ix b'akel N Ix B'akel
(nominal phrase of Xcalumkin lady)
'IX-B'AK-'e-le
see: b'ak, -el, ix(ik)
ix chak tok chak N Ix Chak Tok Chak
(nom. phrase on Site Q Panel) 'IX-CHAK-to-ko-CHAK
see: chak, ix, tok
ix chel N Ix Chel
40

(nominal phrase of goddess) 'IX-che-le
ixik ag feminine agentive prefix 'IX(IK)-ki
ixik ch'ok cn female youngster 'IX(IK)-ki-ch'o-ko
ix mab' lum N Ix Mab' Lum
(nominal phrase of Xcalumkin lady, wife of Kit Pa')
'IX-ma-b'a-lu-ma
see: ix, mab', lum
also see: kit pa'
ix kalom cn Ix Kalom (title) 'IX-KALOM
see: ix, kalom
ix kalomte' cn Ix Kalomte' (title) 'IX-KALOM-TE'
see: ix, kalomte'
ix k'awil kan N Ix K'awil Kan
(nominal phrase of Toniná lady) 'IX-K'AWIL-la-ka-KAN
see: k'an, k'awil
ix may mo' k'uk'
N Ix May Mo' K'uk'
(nominal phrase of Piedras Negras lady)
'IX-ma-ya-MO'-'o-K'UK'?
see: ix, k'uk', may, mo'
ix nik uk'u(w) chan
N Ix Nik Uk'u(w) Chan
(nominal phrase of Chichén Itzá lady [Monjas Lintel 7A])
'IX-NIK?-ki-'u-k'u?-cha-na
see: chan, ix, nik, uk'
ix ox kan N Ix Ox Kan
(nominal phrase on Site Q Panel) 'IX-'OX-ka-KAN
see: ix, kan, ox
ix pakal tun witz
N Ix Pakal Tun Witz
(nominal phrase of Comalcalco lady)
'IX-pa-ka-la-TUN-wi-tzi
see: ix, pakal, tun, witz
ix sahal cn Ix Sahal (title) 'IX-sa-ha-la
see: ix, sahal
ix sak b'iyan N Ix Sak B'iyan
(nominal phrase of wife of Itzamnah B'alam II)
'IX-SAK-b'i-ya-ni
see: ix, sak
ix te' witz k'uk' ix k'ayam
N Ix Te' Witz K'uk' Ix K'ayam
(nominal phrase at Chichén Itzá) 'IX-TE'-wi-tzi-k'u-k'u-'IX-k'a-ya-ma
see: ix, k'ayam, k'uk', te', witz
ix tun kaywak N Ix Tun Kaywak
(nominal phrase of Topoxte' lady)
'IX-TUN-ni-ka-ya-wa-ka
see: ix, kaywak, tun
ix une' b'alam N Ix Une' Balam
(nominal phrase of Naranjo lady) 'IX-'u-ne-B'ALAM(-ma)
see: b'alam, ne', ix, u
ix yok'in cn Ix Yok'in (title) 'IX-yo-K'IN
see: ix, yok'in
-iy suf completive aspect -i + deictic clitic -*ihi
41

"long ago" (marks distant past)
-Ci-ya
see: -i
iyuwal pre progressive aspect-marking prefix,
in the sense of "ongoing" 'i-yu-wa-la
K
ka- poss first person plural possessive prefix;
our ka
» ka-b'ul "our beans" ka-b'u-la
see: b'ul
ka' (1) num two KA', ka
see: cha'
ka' (2) adv then ka
ka' (3) adv second KA'
see: cha'
ka' (4) N Ka'
(Kayal area emblem glyph)
» k'uhul ka' ahaw "god-like king of ka' "
K'UH-ka-'AHAW-wa
ka'nak te' cn Ka'nak Te'
(title; "Second Tree") ka-na-ka-TE', ka-na-ka-te-'e
see: ka', -nak, te'
b'ate'
kab' (1) n earth KAB', ka-b'a, ka-b'i
see: chab'
kab' (2) n bee, beehive, honey KAB'-b'a, KAB'-b'i
see: chab'
kab'- tv to supervize KAB'
» u-kab'-h-iy-Ø " he supervised it"
'u-KAB'-hi-ya,'u-KAB'-hi,
'u-KAB'-ya
see: -iy, u-
alternative: chab'-
kab'al k'uh N Kab'al K'uh
(title; "Earth-like God") KAB'-la-K'UH
see: kab', k'uh, -Vl
also see: kanal k'uh
alternative: chab'al k'uh
kab'al pitzal N Kab'al Pitzal
(title; "Earth-like Ballplayer") ka-b'a-la-pi-tzi-la (Kerr No. 7749)
see: kab', pitzal, -Vl
also see: lumil pitzal
kach n knot, tie ka-cha
kach- tv to tie ka-cha-
» kahch-ah-Ø "it was tied" ka-cha-ha
see: -ah, -VhC-
kak(a)tunal N Kak(a)tunal
(nominal phrase of foreign deity in Dresden Codex,
perhaps Acatonal) ka-ka-tu-na-la
42

see: chak xiwte'i, tawiskal
kakaw n cacao ka-ka-wa, 2
ka-wa, ka-wa
see: kaw
» y-uk'ab' ta y-ut-al kakaw "(it is) the vessel for food of cacao"
yu-K'A'?-b'i-ta-yu-ta-la-ka-wa
see: -al, uk'ab', ta, ut, y-
» y-uk'ab' ta y-ut k'an kakaw "(it is) the vessel for food of ripe cacao"
yu-K'A'?-b'i-ta-yu-ta-K'AN-na-
ka-wa
see: k'an, ta, uk'ab', ut, y-
» y-uk'ab' ta ix-te'el kakaw "(it is) the vessel for wild cacao"
yu-K'A'?-b'i-ta-'IX-TE'-le-ka-wa
see: ix, ta, te'el, uk'ab', y-
» y-uk' ta y-ut-al ix-te'el kakaw "(it is) the vessel for wild cacao"
yu-'UK'-ta-yu-TAL-'i-'IX-TE'-le-
ka-ka-wa
see: -al, ix, ta, te'el, uk', ut, y-
kakawal adj cacao-like ka-ka-wa-la
see: kakaw, -Vl
» kakawal ul "cacao-like atole" ka-ka-wa-la-'u-lu
see: ul
kal n opening, mouth ka-la
kal n drunkeness ka-la
» ti kal kakaw "in drunkeness of kakaw"
ti-ka-la-2
ka-wa
see: kakaw, ti
kal- tv to open KAL, ka-la, ka-lo-
see: kalom, kalomte', kalte'
kalkehtok' pol/top? Kalkehtok'
(toponym or polity mentioned at Yulá, Chichén Itzá)
ka-la-ke-hi-to-TOK'
see: kal, keh, tok'
kalom n kalom (title) KALOM-ma, ka-KAL-ma
see: kal-, -om
kalomte' cn kalomte' (title) ka-lo-ma-TE', KAL-ma-TE',
ka-KAL-ma-TE', KALOM-TE',
ka-KALOM-TE'
see: kal-, -om, te'
also see: b'ate', yahawte'
kalomte' uk'uw chan chak
N Kalomte' Uk'uw Chan Chak
(nominal phrase of Dzibilchaltún ruler)
KAL-ma-TE'-'u-k'u-wi-CHAN-na-
cha-ki
see: chan chak, kalomte', uk'-, -Vw
kaltun n stone opener ("ax")
» u-kal-tun "(it is) the stone opener of ..."
'u-ka-le-TUN
see: kal-, tun, u-
kan (1) num four KAN, ka-na (Ek' Balam)
see: chan
kan (2) n sky KAN-na, ka-KAN (Kerr No. 1456)
see: chan
43

kan (3) n serpent KAN, KAN-na, ka-KAN, ka-na
see: chan
kanal pol/top Kanal
(Site Q/Calakmul polity name) ka-KAN, ka-KAN-la
see: kan
kanal k'uh N Kanal K'uh
(title; "Sky-like God") KAN-NAL-la, KAN-la-K'UH
see: kan, k'uh, -Vl
also see: kab'al k'uh
alternative: chanal k'uh
kan chiwoh N Kan Chiwoh
KAN-chi-wo-ho
see: chiwoh, kan
alternative: chan chiwoh
kan ek' N Kan Ek'
(nominal phrase of Xultún ruler) KAN-'e-ke, KAN-na-'EK',
KAN-'EK'
see: ek', kan
alternative: chan ek'
kan pet N Kan Pet
(nominal phrase at Seibal and Edzna)
KAN-PET-te, KAN-PET
see: kan, pet
alternative: chan pet
kante' ahaw N Kante' Ahaw
(nominal phrase of Copán patron god)
KAN-TE'-'AHAW
see: ahaw, kan, -te'
chante' ahaw
kan witik top Kan Witik
(Copán toponym) KAN-wi-ti-ki
see: kan, witik
ox witik, chan witik
kasew n Kasew
(5th Classic Maya month) ka-se?-wa
see: kusew, sek, sew
kaw (?) n cacao
(alternative for ka-ka-wa) ka-wa
see: kakaw
kay n fish KAY, ka-ya
see: chay
kayom n fisherman ka-yo-ma
see: kay-, -om
kaywak cn kaywak
(proper name of Early Classic inscribed jade plaques)
ka-ya-wa-ka (plaque offered for sale
at Sotheby's, No. 22, 1999)
alternative: kayawak
keh n deer KEH, ke-hi
see: chih, may, sip
also see: akankeh, kalkehtok
kelem adj? strong ke-le-ma
kelem n youth ke-le-ma, ke-le
44

ki n heart ki
-ki suf completive aspect -ki
» uxuhl-n-ah-ki-Ø "it was carved" 'u-xu?-lu-na-ha-ki
see: -ah, -n-, uxul-', -VhC-
kisin N Kisin
(nominal phrase of god) ki-si-ni
kit n father, patron ki-ti, ki-ta
see: chit
kit mahan N Kit Mahan
(nominal phrase of ahaw at Xcalumkin)
ki-ti-ma-ha-na
see: kit
kit pa' N Kit Pa'
(nominal phrase of Xcalumkin sahal)
ki-ti-pa-'a
see: kit, pa'
kiwil n kiwil (proper name of tree) ki-WI'
kob' adj ashen-grey ko-b'a-
see: kob'al, kob'ha'
kob'a' top Kob'a'
(toponym mentioned at Cobá) ko-b'a-'a
see: a', kob'
kob'al n atole
(PSS on ceramic Kerr No. 504) ko-b'a-la
see: -al, kob'
also see: sa', sakha', ul
kob'an pol/top Kob'an
(Dos Pilas area toponym) ko-b'a-na
» kob'an ahaw "kob'an king" ko-b'a-na-'AHAW
see: ahaw
koh (1) n tooth ko
see: e'
koh (2) n puma KOH, ko
koh- tv to hit; to break (?) ko-ho-
» i-koh-oy-Ø "then it was hit" 'i-ko-ho-yi
see: i-, -Vy
kohaw n headdress, helmet KOHAW?-wa, ko-ha-wa
see: pixom
kok- tvd to guard, to take care ko-ko-
» kok-n-om "guarded will be" ko-ko-no?-ma
see: -n-, -om
kokom n auditor ko-ko-ma
see: -om
also see: uyub'
kol pol/top Kol
(Palenque area toponym) ko-la
kol ahaw cn Kol Ahaw
(19th Middle Classic Maya month)
ko-lo-'AHAW
see: wayhab'
kololte' top Kololte'
(toponym mentioned at Toniná) ko-2
lo-TE', ko-lo-TE'
ko(l)te' top Ko(l)te'
45

(Yaxchilán area toponym) ko-TE'
» ko(l)te' ahaw "ko(l)te' king" ko-TE'-'AHAW
see: ahaw
koxop pol/top Koxop
(Copán area toponym) ko-xo-pi
koyi N Koyi
(part of nominal phrase at Chichén Itzá,
possible patronym) ko-yi
kuch n load, burden ku-chu
kuch- tv to carry ku-chu-, ku-cha-
kuh n owl KUH, ku
see: kuy
kukal top Kukal
(toponym mentioned at Tikal) 2
ku-la, ku-la
» k'uhul kukal ahaw "god-like king of kukal"
K'UH-2
ku-la-'AHAW
see: ahaw, k'uhul
» kukal nal "place of kukal" 2
ku-la-NAL
see: nal
-kul nc count of tun periods at Palenque ku-lu
» wuk-kul tun "(the)seventh-counted tun"
WUK-ku-lu-TUN-ni
ku(m)k'uh cn Kumk'uh
(18th Postclassic Maya month) ku-K'UH (or: KUM?-K'UH)
see: haw, ol
kun n oven, kiln ku-nu-
see: chitin, pib'nah
» u-kun-il "(it is) the kiln of" 'u-ku-nu-li
see: -il, u
kusew n Kuseew
(5th Classic Maya month) ku-se?-wa
see: kasew, sek, sew
kutz n turkey ku-tzu
kuy n owl KUY, ku-yu
see: kuh
» oxlahun chan kuy OXLAHUN-CHAN-na-KUY
see: chan, kuy, oxlahun
also see: kuh, te' kuy
K'
k'a- tv to diminish, to dissipate k'a-
» ka'ay-Ø "it was diminished" k'a-yi, k'a-'a-yi, K'A'?-yi
see: -Vy
» k'a'ay-Ø unikil usakna'il "diminished was the flower, the white na'il"
K'A'?-yi-'u-NIK-SAK-NA'?-li,
K'A'?-yi-u-NIK-SAK-na-li
see: -il, na', nik, sak, u
» k'a'ay-iy-Ø "it was diminished (long ago)"
k'a-yi-ya
see: -iy
k'ab' n hand, arm K'AB', k'a-b'a
46

k'ab' chan te' N K'ab' Chan Te'
(nominal phrase of Sak Tz'i' ruler)
K'AB'-CHAN-TE',
k'a-b'a-CHAN-TE'
see: chan, k'ab', te'
alternative: k'ab' kan te'
k'ab'a' n name K'AB'A', K'AB'A'-'a,
K'AB'A'-b'a, K'AB'A'-b'a-'a,
k'a-b'a-'a
see: b'i
» u-k'ab'a' "(it is) its name" 'u-K'AB'A'-'a
» u-ch'ok k'ab'a' "(it is) the youth name of"
'u-ch'o-ko-K'AB'A'
see: ch'ok, u
» u-k'ab'a' k'uh "(it is) the name of the god ..."
'u-K'AB'A'-'a-K'UH
see: k'uh, u
k'ab'is n hand k'a-b'a-si
see: -is, k'ab'
k'ak' n fire K'AK', K'AK'-k'a, k'a-K'AK',
k'a-k'a
» yahaw k'ak' "lord of fire" ya-'AHAW-K'AK'
see: ahaw, yahaw, y-
k'ak'al adj fiery K'AK'-la
see: -Vl, k'ak'-
» k'ak'al hul "fiery lance" K'AK'-la-hu-lu
see: hul
k'ak' hoplah Kan K'awil
N K'ak' Hoplah Kan K'awil
(nominal phrase of Copán ruler) K'AK'-ho-po-la-ha-KAN-na-
K'AWIL
see: hop-, kan, k'ak', k'awil
k'ak'is n fire 2
ka-si
see: -is, k'ak'
k'ak'nab' cn ocean; large body of water K'AK'-NAB'
see: nab'
k'ak'nal (1) n place of fire K'AK'-NAL, K'AK'-na-la
see: k'ak', nal
k'ak'nal (2) top K'ak'nal
(at Uxmal and Chichén Itzá) K'AK'-NAL
see: k'ak', nal
k'ak' ne' tz'utz' N K'ak' Ne' Tz'utz'
(nominal phrase of way) K'AK'-ne-tz'u-tz'i
see: ne', k'ak', tzutz'
k'ak' ol N K'ak' Ol
(abbreviated nominal phrase of yotz king)
K'AK'-'OL-la
(see Kerr No. 7786)
see: chak tzulha' chan tohat k'ak' ol k'inich
k'ak'te' n k'ak'te'
(proper name of certain tree) K'AK'-TE'
see: k'ak', te'
k'ak' ti' sutz' N K'ak' Ti' Sutz'
47

(proper name of way) K'AK'-TI'-SUTZ'
see: k'ak', sutz', ti'
alternative: k'ak' ti' sotz'
k'ak' tiliw chan N K'ak' Tiliw Chan
(Quiriguá ruler) K'AK'-TILIW-CHAN-na,
K'AK'-ti-li-wi-CHAN-na
see: chan, k'ak', til-
k'ak' tiliw chan chak
N K'ak' Tiliw Chan Chak
(Naranjo ruler) K'AK'-TIL-wi-CHAN-na-
CHAK(-ki)
see: chan chak, k'ak', til-
k'ak'upakal N K'ak'upakal
(nominal phrase at Chichén Itzá) k'a-k'u-pa-ka-la,
K'AK'-k'u-PAKAL
see: pakal, k'ak', u
k'ak' we' chitam
N K'ak' We' Chitam
(nominal phrase of way, Coe 1982: 60)
K'AK'-WE'?-CHITAM
see: chitam, k'ak', we'
alternative: k'ak' we' kitam
k'ak' yipyah kan k'awil
N K'ak' Yiphay Kan K'awil
(nominal phrase of Copán ruler) K'AK'-yi-pi-ya-ha-KAN-na-
K'AWIL-la
see: kan, k'ak', k'awil, yip-
k'al- tv to receive; to bind, to wrap K'AL?-, K'AL?-la-, k'a-K'AL?-,
k'a-la-
» k'ahl-ah hun t-u-b'a(h) "wrapped was the headband on his head/self"
K'AL?-ha-HUN-na-tu-'u-b'a-hi,
K'AL?-la-ha-HUN-tu-b'a-hi
see: b'a(h), hun, tu, u-', -VhC-
k'al n completion K'AL?-li
k'al num twenty K'AL?-li
k'al n quarter, room, enclosure k'a-le, k'a-li
k'am- tv to receive; to take, to grasp k'a-ma-, K'AM?
see: ch'am-
k'an n jewel, collar of jewels K'AN-na
k'an n bench K'AN, K'AN-na
k'an adj yellow, precious K'AN, K'AN-na
k'an adj ripe K'AN-na
» k'an kakaw "ripe cacao" K'AN-na-ka-wa
see: kakaw, kaw
k'anasiy n K'anasiy
(17th Classic Maya month) K'AN-'a-si-ya, K'AN-'a-ya
see: k'anaw, k'ayab'
k'anaw n K'anaw
(17th Classic Maya month) K'AN-'a-wa
see: k'anasiy, k'ayab'
k'an b'a' N K'an B'a'
(nominal phrase of way) K'AN-na-b'a
48

see: b'a', k'an
also see: way
k'an b'a' ch'oh N K'an B'a' Ch'oh
(nominal phrase at Toniná) K'AN-na-b'a-CH'OH
see: b'a', ch'oh, k'an
k'an chitam N K'an Chitam
(Tikal ruler nominal phrase) K'AN-CHITAM
see: chitam, k'an
alternative: k'an kitam
k'an chitil top K'an Chitil
(Naranjo area toponym) K'AN-na-CHIT?-li
see: chit, -il, k'an
k'anhal mukuy N K'anhal Mukuy
(nominal phrase on British Museum ceramic)
K'AN-ha-la-mu-ku-yi
see: -hal, k'an, mukuy
k'anhal nah N K'anhal Nah
(proper name of building) NAH-K'AN-na-ha-la
see: -hal, k'an, nah
k'anhalab' cn K'anhalab'
(1st Classic Maya month) K'AN-HAL-b'u
k'anhalaw cn K'anhalaw
(1st Classic Maya month) K'AN-HAL-wa
k'an hoy chitam
N K'an Hoy Chitam
(Palenque ruler nominal phrase) K'AN-na-HOY?-CHITAM-ma
see: chitam, hoy, k'an
alternative: k'an hoy kitam, hoy k'an chitam/kitam
k'an hub' matawil
top K'an Hub' Matawil
(mythological local at Palenque) K'AN-na-hu-b'a-ma-ta-wi-la
see: hub', k'an, matawil
k'anil N K'anil
(part of nominal phrase on Fenton Vase)
K'AN-ni-la, k'a-ni-la
see: -il, k'an
k'ank'in cn K'ank'in
(14th Classic Maya month) K'AN-K'IN, K'AN-K'IN-ni
see: uniw, uniw
k'an lek ... N K'an Lek ...
(nominal phrase on looted panel) K'AN-na-le-ke-...
see: k'an, lek
k'an mo' b'alam N K'an Mo' B'alam
(Seibal ruler nominal phrase) K'AN-na-MO'-'o-B'ALAM-ma
see: b'alam, k'an, mo'
k'an nal eb' top K'an Nal Eb'
(Copán toponym) K'AN-NAL-la-'e-b'u
see: eb', k'an, nal
k'ante' cn k'ante'
(proper name of tree) K'AN-TE'
see: k'an, te'
k'ante' cn seat K'AN-TE'
see: k'an, te'
k'ante' nal top K'ante' Nal
49

(toponym in Dresden Codex) K'AN-TE'-NAL
see: k'ante', nal
k'an tok mo' N K'an Tok Mo'
(El Perú artist's signature) K'AN-na-to-ko-mo-'o
see: k'an, mo', tok
k'antu' pol/top? K'antu'
(Caracol emblem glyph) K'AN-na-tu-
see: k'an, tu'
» k'uhul k'antu' mak "god-like k'antu' person"
K'UH-K'AN-tu-ma-ki,
K'UH-K'AN-na-tu-ma-ki
see: k'uhul, mak
k'antun cn stone bench panel K'AN-na-TUN-ni
see: k'an, tun
k'an witznal pol/top K'an Witznal
(Ucanal main toponym) K'AN-WITZ-NAL
see: k'an, witznal
» k'an witznal ahaw "king of k'an witznal"
K'AN-WITZ-NAL-'AHAW-wa
see: ahaw
k'as- tv to break k'a-sa-
» k'as-ay-Ø "it is broken" k'a-sa-ya
k'at n ceramic bowl K'AT?
k'at- tv to want k'a-ti
» ma' in-k'at-i "I don't want to" ma-'i-ni-k'a-ti
see: in-, ma'
k'awil N K'awil
(epithet/nominal phrase of god) KAWIL, K'AWIL-li, K'AWIL-la,
k'a-wi-la
k'awil chan k'inich
N K'awil Chan K'inich
(king of Pusilhá) K'AWIL-CHAN(-na)-K'INICH
(-ni)-chi
alternative: k'awil kan k'inich
k'awil k'inich N K'awil K'inich
(nominal phrase of Dos Pilas king)
K'AWIL-K'INICH
k'awil mo' N K'awil Mo' (name of Palenque
captive at Toniná) K'AWIL-la-MO'-'o
see: k'awil, mo'
k'ay- iv to sing k'a-ya-, k'a-yo-
k'ayab' n K'ayab'
(17th Classic Maya month) k'a-b'a
see: k'anasiy, k'anaw
k'ayam N K'ayam
(part of nominal phrase at Chichén Itzá)
k'a-ya-ma
see: -am, k'ay-
k'ayom n singer k'a-yo-ma
see: k'ay-, -om
k'in (1) n sun K'IN, K'IN-ni
k'in (2) n day K'IN, K'IN-ni
k'in (3) n festival K'IN, K'IN-ni
50

k'in (4) n season, period K'IN, K'IN-ni
k'in ahaw N K'in Ahaw
(titular phrase of god) K'IN-'AHAW-wa
see: ahaw, k'in
k'in b'alam N K'in B'alam
(Dos Pilas ruler nominal phrase)
K'IN-ni-B'ALAM
see: b'alam, k'in
k'inich cn K'inich
("Great Sun", "Sun-Eye", or "Sun-ny" ["hot"?])
K'INICH, [K'IN]chi, K'IN-ni-chi
see: ich, -Vch, k'in
k'inich akul mo' nab'
N K'inich Akul Mo' Nab'
(Palenque ruler nominal phrase) K'INICH-'a-ku-la-MO'-NAB',
K'INICH-'AK-la-MO'-NAB'
see: akul, k'inich, mo', nab'
also see: akul mo' nab'
k'inich b'aknal chak
N K'inich B'aknal Chak
(Toniná ruler nominal phrase) K'INICH-B'AK-NAL-la-CHAK,
K'INICH-B'AK-ki-NAL-la-
CHAK-ki
see: b'ak, k'inich, nal
k'inich b'alam N K'inich B'alam
(nominal phrase of El Peru ruler)
K'INICH-B'ALAM-ma
see: b'alam, k'inich
k'inich b'alam chapat
N K'inich B'alam Chapat
(nominal phrase of Toniná Ruler)
K'INICH-B'ALAM?-CHAPAT
see: b'alam, chapat, k'inich
alternative: k'inich hix chapat
k'inich hanab' pakal
N K'inich Hanab' Pakal
(nominal phrase of Palenque rulers)
K'INICH-HANAB'-PAKAL-la,
K'INICH-ha-na-b'i-pa-ka-la
see: hanab', k'inich, pakal
alternative: k'inich ha' nab' pakal
k'inich hoy k'awilil
N K'inich Hoy K'awilil
(nominal phrase of Caracol ruler) K'INICH-HOY?-K'AWIL-li
see: hoy, -il, k'awil, k'inich
alternative: k'inich hok' k'awilil
k'inich ich'ak chapat
N K'inich Ich'ak Chapat
(nominal phrase of Tonina ruler) K'INICH-'ICH'AK-CHAPAT
see: chapat, ich'ak, k'inich
k'inichil kab' top K'inichil Kab'
(toponym mentioned at Naranjo) K'IN-chi-li-KAB'
see: -il, kab', k'inich
51

k'inich kan b'alam
N K'inich Kan B'alam
(Palenque ruler nominal phrase) K'INICH-KAN-B'ALAM-ma,
K'INICH-ka-KAN-B'ALAM-ma
see: b'alam, kan
k'inich k'an tok mo'
N K'inich K'an Tok Mo'
(nominal phrase of Comalcalco ruler)
K'INICH-K'AN-na-to-ko-mo-'o
see: k'an, k'inich, mo', tok
k'inich k'och b'alam
N K'inich K'och B'alam
(proper name of building at Comalcalco)
K'INICH-K'OCH?-B'ALAM
see: b'alam, k'inich, k'och
k'inich k'uk' nah
N K'inich K'uk' Nah
(proper name of building) K'IN-ni-chi-K'UK'-NAH
see: k'inich, k'uk', nah
k'inich lakam tun
N K'inich Lakam Tun
(nominal phrase of Río Azul ruler)
K'INICH-LAKAM-TUN
see: k'inich, lakam, tun
k'inich lamaw ek'
N 1. K'inich Lamaw Ek'
(nominal phrase of Ik' site ruler,
cf. Kerr No. 1463) K'INICH-LAM-'EK'
2. K'inich Lamaw Ek'
(nominal phrase of Río Azul ruler,
cf. Kerr No. 5022 + 7720) K'INICH-ni-la-ma-wa-'EK',
K'INICH-LAM-'EK'
see: ek', k'inich, lam
k'inich tahal chak
N K'inich Tahal Chak
(nominal phrase of Early Classic Naranjo ruler)
K'INICH-TAHAL-CHAK
see: chak, k'inich, tahal
k'inich tatb'u hol
N K'inich Tatb'u Hol
(nominal phrase of Yaxchilán rulers)
K'INICH-2
ta-b'u-HOL?,
K'INICH-ta-b'u-HOL?
see: hol, k'inich, tatb'u
k'inich tob'il yopat
N K'inich Tob'il Yopat
(nominal phrase of Caracol ruler) K'INICH-to-b'i-li-yo-'AT-ti
see: k'inich, yopat
k'inich tun chapat
N K'inich Tun Chapat
(nominal phrase of Toniná ruler)
K'INICH-TUN-ni-CHAPAT
see: chapat, k'inich, tun
52

k'inich witz top K'inich Witz
(Aguateca local toponym) K'INICH-wi-WITZ
see: k'inich, witz
k'inich yax k'uk' mo'
N K'inich Yax K'uk' Mo'
(Copán dynasty founder; name after accession)
K'INICH-YAX-K'UK'-MO'
see: k'inich, k'uk', mo', yax
also see: k'uk' mo' ahaw
k'inil kayom N K'inil Kayom
(name of god) K'IN-ni-li-ka-yo-ma
see: -il, kayom, k'in
also see: ak'ab' kayom
k'in lakam chak N K'in Lakam Chak
K'IN-LAKAM-ma-cha-ki
see: chak, k'in, lakam
k'in muwan N K'in Muwan
(Naj Tunich name) K'IN-ni-MUWAN-wa-ni
see: k'in, muwan
k'in nal top K'in Nal
(Piedras Negras main toponym, variant)
K'IN-NAL
» ah k'in nal "he from k'in nal" 'a-K'IN-NAL
see: ah
k'intun cn drought K'IN-TUN, K'IN-TUN-ni
see: k'in, tun
k'och n container K'OCH?, K'OCH?-cha,
K'OCH?-chi, k'o-chi
k'och- tv to carry; to contain K'OCH?-chi-
» k'ohch-t-ah-Ø "it was made to carry"
K'OCH?-chi-ta-ha
see: -ah, -t-', -VhC-
k'ochb'a' tun cn container K'OCH?-b'a-TUN
see: -b'a', k'och, tun
» u-k'och-b'a' tun-il "(it is) the container/carry-stone of ..."
'u-K'OCH?-b'a-TUN-li
see: -il, u
k'ochtu' cn container K'OCH?-chi-tu
see: k'och, -tu'
k'oh n image, mask k'o-ho
k'ohb'a' cn mask k'o-b'a
see: -b'a', k'oh
k'ub- tv to present k'u-b'a-
» k'uhb-ah-Ø "it was presented" k'u-b'a-ha
see: -ah, -VhC-
k'u' n god K'U' (Chichén Itzá only)
see: k'uh
k'u'ul adj god-like K'U'-'u-lu (Chichén Itzá only)
see: k'u', -Vl
also see: k'uhul
k'uch n vulture k'u-chi
k'uh n god K'UH, k'u-hu
53

see: k'u'
k'uhul adj god-like ("sacred") K'UH, K'UH-lu, K'UH-HUL,
K'UH-hu-lu
see: k'uh, -Vl
also see: k'u'ul
» k'uhul b'akal ahaw "god-like king of b'akal"
K'UH(-lu)-B'AK-(la)-'AHAW(-wa)
see: ahaw, b'akal
» k'uhul mutal ahaw "god-like king of mutal"
K'UH(-lu)-MUT-la-'AHAW(-wa)
see: ahaw, mutal
» k'uhul sa'il ahaw "god-like king of sa'il"
K'UH(-lu)-SA'?-(li)-'AHAW(-wa)
see: ahaw, sa'il
» k'uhul yokib' ahaw "god-like king of yokib'"
K'UH(-lu)-yo-ki-b'i-'AHAW(-wa)
see: ahaw, yok'ib'
» k'uhul siyah chan ahaw "god-like king of siyah chan"
K'UH(-lu)-SIYAH.CHAN-'AHAW
see: ahaw, siyah chan
k'uhul ahaw cn K'uhul Ahaw (title) K'UH(-lu)-'AHAW-wa
see: ahaw, k'uhul
k'uhul kalom n K'uhul Kalom (title) K'UH(-lu)-KALOM-ma
see: kalom, k'uhul
k'uhul itz'at n K'uhul Itz'at (title) K'UH(-lu)-'ITZ'AT-ta
see: itz'at, k'uhul
k'uhul winik cn K'uhul Winik (title) K'UH(-lu)-WINIK-ki
see: k'uhul, winik
k'uch n vulture, zopilote k'u-chi
see: usih
k'uk' n quetzal K'UK', k'u-k'u, 2
k'u
k'uk' b'alam N K'uk' B'alam
(Palenque dynasty founder) K'UK'-B'ALAM,
K'UK'-B'ALAM-ma
k'uk' chan N K'uk' Chan
(nominal phrase of sahal on Uaxactún ceramic)
K'UK'-CHAN-na
see: chan, k'uk'
alternative: k'uk' kan
k'uk' lakam witz
N K'uk' Lakam Witz
(proper name of mountain) K'UK'-LAKAM-wi-WITZ
see: k'uk', lakam, witz
k'uk' mo' ahaw N K'uk' Mo' Ahaw
(pre-accession name of Copán dynasty founder)
K'UK'-MO'-'AHAW
see: ahaw, k'uk', mo'
also see: k'inich yax k'uk' mo'
k'ul- tv to venerate K'UH-le- (at Chichén Itzá)
» ka' k'ul-ew-iy-Ø "then it was venerated ..."
ka-K'UH-le-wi-ya
see: -iy, ka'
54

» wa' k'ul-ew-ki-Ø "and so it was venerated ..."
wa-K'UH-le-wa-ki
see: -ki, wa'
k'utim N K'utim
(name connected with El Cayo) k'u-ti-ma, k'u-ti
k'utz n tobacco k'u-tzi
k'ux- tv to eat, to grind, to hurt k'u-xa-
» k'uhx-ah-Ø "it was hurt" k'u-xa-ha
see: -ah, -VhC-
k'uy nik ahaw N K'uy Nik Ahaw
(name of god at Copán) k'u-yu-ni-NIK?-'AHAW-wa,
k'u-yu-NIK?-ki-'AHAW
see: ahaw, nik
L
-l- suf positional suffix that derives a verb
referring to placement in space -la-ha, -la-hi-
see: -w-
» chuhm-l-ah-Ø "he was seated" CHUM-la-ha
see: chum-, -VhC-
» paht-l-ah- "it was built" PAT-la-ha
see: pat--, -VhC-
lahcha' num twelve LAHCHA'
lahka' num twelve LAHKA'
lahun num ten LAHUN, LAHUN-na, LAHUN-ni
lak (1) n plate, dish la-ka
see: hawa(n)te', lalak
lak (2) n clay object (brick) la-ka
lakam n banner LAKAM, la-LAKAM,
la-LAKAM-ma, LAKAM-ma,
la-ka-ma
lakam adj great, wide LAKAM, la-LAKAM,
la-LAKAM-ma, LAKAM-ma,
la-ka-ma
lakam ha' top Lakam Ha' "Wide Water"
(Palenque main toponym) LAKAM-HA'
lakam tun pol/top Lakam Tun
(Peten area toponym) LAKAM-TUN
» k'uhul lakam tun ahaw "god-like king of lakam tun"
K'UH-HUL-LAKAM-TUN-'AHAW
see: ahaw, k'uhul
lakamtun cn "stela"
(lit. "banner stone") LAKAM-TUN-ni,
LAKAM-ma-TUN
see: lakam, tun
lak'in n west (Postclassic) la-K'IN, la-K'IN-ni
see: ochk'in
lalak n plate, dish 2
la-ka
see: hawa(n)te', lak
lam n "half-period" LAM, la-ma-
(see Kerr No. 5022 & 7720)
55

-lat suf "(so many ...) later" -la-ta
» ox-lat "three (days) later" 'OX-la-ta
see: ox
» ho'lahun (k'in), wak winik-lat, waxaklahun tun-lat
"15 (days), 6 winals later, 18 tuns later"
HO'LAHUN-WAK-WINIK-la-ta-
WAXAKLAHUN-TUN-la-ta
see: ho'lahun, wak, waxaklahun, winik, tun
» u-ho'-lat "the five (days) later" 'u-HO'-la-ta
see: ho', u-
latz n stack la-tzi
lay adv/n here LAY?, LAY?-ya, la-LAY?-ya
see: way
» a-lay "(this one) here"
("Initial Sign" on ceramics) 'a-LAY?, 'a-LAY?-ya, 'a-la-LAY?-ya
see: a-
-lay suf instrumental suffix -la-ya, -la-yu
see: ah k'amlay, yax k'amlay
le' n noose le-'e
lek n calabash (?)
(part of nominal phrases) le-ke, le-ku
see: k'an lek ..., yax lek hix
u kit kan lek tok'
lek' n elevation (?) le-k'a
» u-lek' "(it is) the elevation of ..."
(introduces count of successors) 'u-le-k'a
see: u-
lek'- tv to elevate (from the ground) le?-k'e-
» u-lek'-h-iy-Ø "he elevated it (long ago)"
'u-le?-k'e-hi-ya
see: -h-, -iy, u-
-lel suf instrumental suffix: "-ship" -le-le, -2
le, -le
» ahaw-lel "king-ship" 'AHAW-le-le, 'AHAW-2
le, 'AHAW-le
see: ahaw
» kalom-lel "kalom-ship" KALOM-le, KALOM-ma-le
see: kalom
lok'- iv to emerge, to escape, to leave LOK'?-, lo-LOK'?-, lo-k'o-
» lok'-oy-Ø "he emerged" LOK'?-yi
see: -Vy
» lok'-om-Ø "he/she/it will emerge"
lo-k'o-ma
see: -om
luk' n mud, plaster, stucco lu-k'u
lum n earth, soil lu-ma, lu-mi
see: chab', kab'
lumil pitzal cn Lumil Pitzal
(title; "Earth-like Ballplayer") lu-mi-li-pi-tzi-la (Kerr No. 7749)
see: lum, pitzal
also see: kab'al pitzal
56

M
ma' adv not ma, ma-'a
» ma' in-k'at-i "I do not want to"
ma-'i-ni-k'a-ti (Landa MS)
» ma' u-nahw-ah-Ø "it was not adorned"
ma-'u-na-wa-ha
mab' (1) n box, cache ma-b'a, ma-b'i
mab' (2) N Mab'
(nominal phrase of way) ma-b'i
see: mab'
also see: way
mab' b'alam N Mab' B'alam
(local name at Xcalumkin) ma-b'a-B'ALAM(-ma)
see: b'alam, mab'
also see: ixik mab' lum
mach- tv to grab ma-cha-
» mahch-ah-Ø "it was grasped" ma-cha-ha
see: -ah, -VhC-
mak (1) n cover, lid, capstone ma-ka, ma-ko (?)
mak (2) n person ma-ki
» k'uhul k'antu mak "god-like person of k'antu"
K'UH-K'AN-tu-ma-ki
see: k'antu, k'uhul
also see: winik
mak (3) n Mak
(13th Classic Maya month) ma-ka, ma-'AK, ma-'AK-ka
mak- (1) tv to cover ma-ka-
mak- (2) tv to betroth ma-ka-
mak'- tv to eat (soft food-stuffs) ma-k'a
» u-mak'-a wah "he eats bread" 'u-ma-k'a-wa-WAH-hi
see: u-, wah
mal prep within ma-la
» hul-i-Ø mal y-otot ... "he arrived within the house of ..."
hu-li-ma-la-YOTOT?-ti
see: hul-, otot
mam (1) n maternal grandfather, ancestor MAM, MAM-ma, ma-ma
mam (2) n opossum, impostor ma-ma
man top Man
(La Florida toponym) MAN?-ni
mas n dwarf, goblin ma-su
see: ch'at
masul pol/top Masul
(Naachtun toponym) ma-su-la
alternative: masal
» masul ahaw "king of masul" ma-su-la-'AHAW-wa
see: ahaw
mat n cormorant MAT, ma-ta, ma-MAT
matal pol/top Matal
(local toponym at Palenque) MAT, ma-MAT, MAT-la
see: -al, mat
» k'uhul matal ahaw "god-like king of matal"
K'UH-MAT-la-'AHAW-wa
57

see: ahaw, k'uhul
matan n offering of grace, privilege ma-ta-na
matawil top Matawil
(local toponym at Palenque) ma-ta-wi-la, ma-ta-wi
see: mat
» matawil ahaw "king of matawil"
ma-ta-wi-(la)-'AHAW(-wa)
see: ahaw
matunha' top Matunha'
(Bonampak/Yaxchilán area top.) ma-TUN-'a
see: ha'
matz n sage, learned man ma-tza
» matz itz'at winik "learned, wise person"
ma-tza-'i-tz'a-ti-wi-WINIK-ki
see: itz'at, miyatz, winik
ma' (u)tzil adv bad (lit. "not good") ma-tzi-li
see: ma', utzil
max (1) n spider monkey MAX, ma-xi
see: b'atz'
max (2) n shield ma-xu?
see: pakal
maxam top Maxam (Naranjo toponym) ma-xa-ma
» ah maxam "he of maxam" 'a-ma-xa-ma
see: ah
» ut-iy-Ø maxam "it happened at maxam"
'u-ti-ya-ma-xa-ma
see: -iy, ut-
may (1) n deer MAY?, MAY?-ya, ma-ya
see: chih, keh, sip
» ix may mo' k'uk' "lady deer macaw quetzal"
'IX-ma-ya-MO'-'o-K'UK'
see: ix, mo, k'uk'
may (2) n gift, donation MAY?-ya-, ma-ya
» u-may-il b'ak "(it is) the gift bone of ..."
'u-MAY?-ya-li-b'a-ki
see: b'ak, -il, u
mayuy n mist ma-yu-yu, ma-yu
mayuy k'awil N Mayuy K'awil
(name of Laxtunich lintels sculptor)
ma-yu-yu-K'AWIL
see: k'awil, mayuy
mih n nothing, zero; not MIH, mi
mim n paternal grandmother,
maternal great-grandmother mi-mi
mis- tv to clean, to sweap mi-si-
mixnal top Mixnal
(toponym?; common at Yaxchilán)
see: -nal
mi-xi-NAL
» mixnal winik "man from mixnal"
mi-xi-NAL-WINIK
see: winik
miyatz n sage, learned man mi-ya-tzi
58

see: matz, itz'at
mo' n macaw MO', MO'-'o, mo-'o, mo-'o-'o
mo' ak chak N Mo' Ak Chak
(Piedras Negras ruler) MO'-'o-'AK-CHAK
mo' witz top Mo' Witz
(Copán toponym) MO'-wi-WITZ, mo-'o-wi-tzi
see: mo', witz
mol n Mol
(8th Classic Maya month) mo-lo
molol n Molol
(8th Classic Maya month) mo-lo-la
molow n Molow
(8th Classic Maya month) mo-lo-wa
mon adj sweet mo-ni
mopan top Mopan
(Naj Tunich area toponym) mo-pa-na, mo-pa-ni
muk n burial MUK, mu-ku-
» y-eb'-il u-muk-il "the stairs of the burial of ..."
ye-b'u-li-'u-mu-ku-li
see: -il, u-
also see: eb', y-
muk- tv to bury mu-ku-, mu-ka-
» muhk-ah-Ø "it was buried" mu-ka-ha, mu-ku-ha
see: -ah, -VhC-
muknal cn burial place MUK-NAL
see: muk-, nal
also see: mukil
mukuy n dove, pigeon mu-ku-yi
see: ukum, tukun
-mul nc count of stacked/mounted objects
-mu-lu-
» wak-mul-b'ah-il "six stacked things"
WAK-mu-lu-b'a-ha-li
mut (1) n bird mu-ti
mut (2) n omen mu-ti
mut (3) n braid or plait of hair MUT, mu-MUT, MUT-tu
mutal pol/top Mutal
(Tikal main local toponym) MUT, mu-MUT,
MUT-tu, MUT-la
see: -al, mut
» ix mutal ahaw "lady king of mutal"
'IX-MUT-la-'AHAW
see: ahaw, ixik
» k'uhul mutal ahaw "god-like king of mutal"
K'UH(-lu)-MUT-'AHAW-wa
see: ahaw, k'uhul
» mutal ahaw-tak "kings of mutal"
MUT-'AHAW-TAK
see: ahaw, tak
mut itzamnah N Mut Itzamnah
(nominal phrase of avian manifestation
of Itzamnah) MUT-ti-'ITZAMNAH-hi,
59

MUT.'ITZAMNAH-ti
see: itzamnah, mut
muwan (1) n sparrow-hawk MUWAN, MUWAN-ni,
MUWAN-wa-ni
muwan (2) n Muwan
(15th Classic Maya month) MUWAN, MUWAN-na,
MUWAN-ni, mu-wa-ni
muyal n cloud MUY, mu-MUY,
MUY-la, MUY-ya-la
see: tok, tokal
N
-n- suf suffix which derives a certain class
of passives -na-ha
also see: -w-
» b'ahk-n-ah-Ø "he was captured"
B'AK-na-ha
see: -ah, b'ak-, -VhC-
na' n house (structure) na-'i
see: nah
na' n lady NA', na
na' n certain property of animate objects
(including humans) NA'? (T23:501; T503), na (T23)
» u-nikil u-sak-na'-il "the flower, the white-na'-il of ..."
'u-NIK?-SAK-NA'?-li,
'u-NIK?-SAK-na-NA'?-li,
'u-NIK?-SAK-na-li
see: nik, sak, u
nab' (1) n (count of) palm, hand (as used in ballgame score)
NAB', NAB'-b'a, na-b'a
» b'olon nab' "nine palms" B'OLON-na-b'a
nab' (2) n water lily NAB', NAH-b'i, na-NAB'-b'a,
na-b'i
nab' (3) n pool, lake, water-surface, ocean NAB', na-b'i, NAH-b'i
see: nab'
» ta(n) (y)ol k'ak'nab' "in the middle of the ocean"
ta-'OL-K'AK'-NAB'
see: k'ak'nab', ol, tan, y-
nab' nal k'inich N Nab' Nal K'inich
(Tikal dynastic title) NAB'-NAL-la-K'INICH
nach adv far na-chi
nah (1) n house (structure) NAH, na-hi, na
see: na'
nah (2) n nah
(noun in PSS of unknown meaning)
NAH-ha, na-ha
» u-tz'ib' u-nah "his writing, his (?)"
'u-tz'-b'i-'u-na-ha
see: tz'ib', u
nah (3) adj first NAH, na
see: b'a', yax
60

Vocabulary mayan2002

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