The document outlines the configuration and management of VLANs (Virtual Local Area Networks) and VTP (VLAN Trunking Protocol) on Cisco switches and routers. It details the steps to create, apply, and manage VLANs, as well as the importance of routers or Layer 3 switches for inter-VLAN communication. Additionally, it explains VTP modes, benefits, advertisement mechanisms, and trunk connections to maintain VLAN integrity.

1. VLAN

2. VLAN
• VLAN CONFIGURATION:-
• SWITCH# VLAN DATABASE
• WORD ISL VLAN IDs 1-4094 internal VLAN
• SWITCH(VLAN)# VLAN 2 NAME MKT
• SWITCH(VLAN)#VLAN 3 NAME FINANCE
• SWITCH(VLAN)# APPLY
• SWITCH(VLAN)# EXIT

3. VLAN
• SWITCH# CONFIG TERMINAL
• SWITCH(CONFIG)# INT RANGE FA0/1- 2
• SWITCH(CONFIG)# SWITCHPORT ACCESS
VLAN 2
• SWITCH(CONFIG)#EXIT
• SWITCH(CONFIG)# INT RANGE FA0/3- 4
• SWITCH(CONFIG)# SWITCHPORT ACCESS
VLAN 3
• SWITCH(CONFIG)#EXIT

4. VLAN
• NOTE:- Before to apply this command it is
ping with each other but after this
command vlan2 member can’t ping vlan3
member.

5. INTER VALN
• When we want that the VLAN member can
communicate with each other than we
need a Router or layer 3 switch.
• Switch Configuration:-
• Switch(config)# interface fa0/5
• Switch(config-int)#switch mode trunk

6. INTER VLAN
• ROUTER CONFIGURATION:-
• Router(config)# int fa 0/1
• Router(config-if)#no shut
• Note:- Subinterface allow for routing multiple
data streams through a single physical interface.
• Router(config)# int fa0/1.1
• Router(config-subint)# ip add 192.168.10.1
255.255.255.0
• Router(config-subint)#no shut

7. INTER VLAN
• Router(config-subint)# encapsulation dot1q
2
• Router(config)# int fa0/1.2
• Router(config-subint)# ip add 192.168.11.1
255.255.255.0
• Router(config-subint)#no shut
• Router(config-subint)# encapsulation dot1q
3
• Router(config-subint)#exit

8. Troubleshooting
• 2950# show interface fa0/1 switchport
• 2950# show interface trunk

9. Configuring VTP
• S1#config t
• S1#(config)#vtp mode server
• S1(config)#vtp domain nitin
• S1(config)#vtp password ccna
• S1(config)#do show vtp password
• S1(config)#do show vtp status

10. Configuring VTP
• Now
• Switch#config t
• Switch(config)#vtp mode client
• Switch(config)#vtp domain nitin
• Switch(config)#vtp password ccna
• Switch(config)#do show vtp status
• Switch#sh vlan brief

11. VTP Concept
• (Vlan Trunking Protocol):- As the size of the
network for a small or medium sized business
grows, the management involved in maintaining
the network grows.
• Managing VLAN information on many
switches ,we can use the VTP of cisco catalyst
switches.
• VTP tasks –VLAN creation, deletion &
synchronization.
• VTP allows a network manager to configure a
switch so that it will propagate VLAN
configuration to other switches in the network.

12. VTP
1. VTP SERVER
2. VTP CLIENT
3. VTP TRANSPARENT MODE
Note:- VTP only learns about normal range VLANs (VLAN
ID 1 to 1005)
Extended –range VLANS (ID > 1005) are not supported by
VTP.
Benefits OF VTP:- VLAN configuration consistency across
the network.
Accurate tracking & monitoring of VLANS.
Dynamic reporting of added VLANS across Network.

13. VTP
• VTP Domain:- Consists of one or more
interconnected switches. All switches in a
Domain, Share VLAN configuration details using
VTP advertisement.
• A router or layer 3 switch defines the boundary
of each domain.
• VTP advertisement:- VTP uses a hierarchy of
advertisements, to distribute & synchronize the
VLAN configuration Across a VTP domain.
• Switches share information about VLANs using
VTP advertisement (Messages).

14. VTP
• VTP Modes:-
• VTP server:- VTP servers advertise the VTP
domain VLAN information to other VTP enabled
switches in the same VTP domain.
• VTP servers store the VLAN information for the
entire domain in NVRAM.
• The server is where VLANs can be created,
deleted or renamed for the domain.

15. VTP
• VTP Client:-
• VTP clients function similar to the way VTP
servers do, but we can’t create, change or delete
VLANs on a VTP client.
• A VTP client stores VLAN information for the
entire domain only while the switch is on.
• A switch reset deletes the vlan information.
• You must configure a switch to change its VTP
mode to the client.

16. VTP
• VTP transparent:- VTP transparent
mode switches forward VTP
advertisements to VTP clients & VTP
servers, but do not originate or otherwise
process VTP advertisement.
• VLANs that are created ,renamed or
deleted on a VTP transparent mode switch
are local to that switch only.

17. VTP
• VTP Pruning:- VTP pruning increases available
network bandwidth by restricting flooded traffic
to trunk links that the traffic must use to reach
the destination devices.
• Without VTP pruning, a switch floods broadcast,
multicast & unknown unicast traffic across all
trunk links within a VLAN in a VTP domian.
• (It prevents unnecessary flooding of broadcast
information from one VLAN across all trunks in a
VTP Domain.)

18. VTP
• MD5 Digest:- Hashing is a one way
encryption of data & MD5 digest is a hash
algorithm.
• VTP hashes VTP data & password to
generate a unique 15 byte MD5 (or data
string).
• VTP adds the Hash to VTP message &
neighbor switches use the hash to validate
the message.

19. VTP
• VTP configuration Revision Number:-
• It is a 32 bit number that indicates the level of
revision for a VTP frame.
• Each time a VLAn is added or removed , the
configuration revision number increments.
• Note:- A VTP domain name change dose not
increment the revision number , it reset the
revision number to zero.
• Switch# Show VTP counters.

20. • 2950#config t
• 2950(config)#vlan 10
• 2950(config-vlan)#name Accounting
• 2950(config-vlan)#exit
• 2950(config)#int fa0/2
• 2950(config-if)#switchport mode access
• 2950(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10

21. • 2950#delete flash:vlan.dat
• Note:- Removes entire VLAN database
From Flash memory.
• Make sure there is no space between the
colon(: ) and the characters vlan.dat. You
can potentially erase the entire contents of
flash memory with this command if the
syntax is not correct.

22. • 2950#show vlan
• 2950#show vlan brief
• 2950(config)# no ip domain-lookup
• (Turns of checking for DNS entries on
spelling mistake)

23. TRUNK CONNECTION
• Trunk connection are capable of carrying traffic for multiple
VLANS.
• In Order to support trunking , the original Ethernet frame
must be modified to carry VLAN info.
• This is to ensure that the broadcast integrity is maintained.
• Cisco supoorts 4 trunk methods to maintain VLAN
integrity.
• 1. Cisco’s Proprietary Inters witch Link Protocol for Ethernet.
• 2. IEEE’s 802.1q ,commonly refereed to as dot1q for
Ethernet.
• 3.LAN for ATM.
• 4. 802.10 for FDDI (Proprietary Cisco implementation.)