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This document defines vocabulary words of Greek origin relating to concepts of improvement, death, praise, dance, digestion, language usage, sounds, and feelings. It provides definitions for the terms euthenics, eugenics, euthanasia, eulogy, eurythmics, eupepsia, euphemism, euphony, and euphoria.
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Edgar Allan Poe was born in 1809 in Boston to actors Eliza Poe and David Poe Jr. He was orphaned as a child and was adopted by John and Fanny Allan. Poe struggled financially throughout his life and with alcoholism. He published several short stories and poems that were not very successful until 1841's "The Murders in the Rue Morgue," considered the first detective fiction story. Poe died under mysterious circumstances in 1849 in Baltimore at the age of 40. Though his life was difficult, Poe has become famous for his writings and is still celebrated today through tributes like the Baltimore Ravens mascot and the mysterious "Poe Toaster."
Gerunds 8
Gerunds are verbals that act as nouns. They end in "-ing" and can play many of the same roles as nouns in sentences, such as subject, direct object, or object of a preposition. Gerunds are harder to remove from sentences than participles because they serve important noun functions, whereas participles are more optional like adjectives. Identifying a phrase as a gerund or participle depends on whether the sentence still makes sense without the phrase.
Participles Power Point 8
This document discusses participles and participial phrases. A participle is a verb form used as an adjective that ends in -ing, -d, -ed, -en, or -t. A participial phrase consists of a participle plus any modifiers. To identify a participle or participial phrase, find the subject and real verb, then look for other verb-like words. Examples are provided to demonstrate how participles and participial phrases modify nouns and pronouns.
Complements 7
This document defines and provides examples of different types of complements in English grammar:
1) Direct objects answer the questions "whom?" or "what?" after a transitive verb and receive the action of the verb.
2) Indirect objects tell "to what" or "to whom" or "for what" or "for whom" the action of the verb is done and appear between the verb and direct object.
3) Subject complements complete the meaning of a linking verb and identify or describe the subject. Predicate nominatives identify the subject and predicate adjectives describe the subject.
8P Prepositional Phrases 09
This document discusses prepositional phrases, adjective phrases, and adverb phrases. Adjective phrases modify nouns and answer questions like "which one" or "what kind". Adverb phrases modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs and answer questions like "how", "when", or "to what extent". The document provides examples of these phrases and rules about their position in sentences, noting that adverb phrases can be moved but adjective phrases cannot. It concludes with practice identifying these phrases in sample sentences.
IQC to Umbrella
This document outlines three steps to transform a single-idea paragraph into an umbrella paragraph that incorporates multiple ideas:
1. Choose three relevant quotations and order them chronologically, by importance, or with the strongest last.
2. Add transitional phrases between the quotations like "In addition to...", "Not only...but also", or "Furthermore..." instead of words like "firstly" or "next".
3. Assemble the paragraph with an introductory thesis statement, three idea sentences paired with quotations and commentary, clear transitions, and a concluding clincher sentence.
8P Umbrella Paragraph
The document discusses the umbrella paragraph structure for essays. It should have a generalization as the topic sentence rather than listing specific points. The paragraph uses quotes and examples from the text to support the main idea. Quotes should be introduced, presented exactly with page numbers, and commented on in context. The conclusion restates the author's name, title, and analyzes the overall work.
7P English House Of Commas
Commas are used in English in several situations:
1) Before coordinating conjunctions joining two independent clauses.
2) Around introductory phrases and clauses.
3) After introductory elements like direct address, transitional expressions, and clauses beginning with words like when, because, although, etc.
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Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
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Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
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