The document discusses key issues related to gender inequality including reproductive health, stewardship of natural resources, economic empowerment, educational empowerment, and political empowerment. It provides statistics showing disparities between men and women in education rates, adolescent fertility rates, labor force participation, gender inequality index, and maternal mortality. Some facts noted include that fewer women than men are in the paid workforce in India, more female-headed households live below the poverty line, and female literacy rates lag behind male rates. Proposed solutions include volunteer-driven women's education, sensitizing police and justice systems, ensuring women's safety in public and private organizations, and defensive training.
The Australian Government has committed to remaining a firm and persistent advocate and practical supporter of gender equality, and has identified gender equality as a critical cross-cutting theme across the aid program. Three of the ten development objectives of An Effective Aid Program for Australia specifically address gender equality and the empowerment of women.
These are:
empowering women to participate in the economy, leadership and education;
saving lives of poor women through provision of quality maternal health care services; and enabling more girls to attend school.
Gender equality is central to economic and human development and to supporting women’s rights. Equal opportunity for women and men supports economic growth and helps to reduce poverty. To deliver real results and improve the lives of women and men, their families, and their communities,
Australia will organise the work on gender equality and women’s empowerment around four pillars:
1. Advancing equal access to gender-responsive health and education services.
2. Increasing women’s voice in decision-making, leadership, and peace-building.
3. Empowering women economically and improving their livelihood security.
4. Ending violence against women and girls at home, in their communities, and in disaster and conflict situations.
Australia will continue to invest strongly in improving gender equality across the aid program with a focus on what works, is effective aid and achieves results. This will include a more strategic and targeted focus in the areas where progress has been slow: women’s economic empowerment, women’s leadership, and ending violence against women. We expect the highest levels of expenditure in countries with the most severe gender gaps and constraints, including fragile states and conflict-affected countries.
Gender Inequality in Development
Dr. Vibhuti Patel, Director, PGSR
Prof. & HOD, University Department of Economics,
SNDT Women’s University, Smt. Thakersey Road, Churchgate, Mumbai-400020
Phone-26770227®, 22052970 Mobile-9321040048
E mail:vibhuti.np@gmail.com
Women’s Studies have challenged the conventional indicators of development that focus on urbanisation, higher education, mobility of labour, technological development, modernisation, infra-structural development, industrialisation, mechamisation in agricultural, white revolution, green revolution, blue revolution so on and so forth. Development dialogue of the 1ast 32 years (1975 to the present) resulted into intellectual scrutiny with gender lens of
• The critique of trickledown theory
• Marginalisation thesis popularised by the UN as WID (Women in Development)
• ‘Integration of Women’ Approach known as Women and Development (WAD)
• Development Alternatives with Women (DAWN) at Nairobi Conference, 1985
• Gender and Development (GAD)- Women in Decision Making Process, 1990
• Adoption of CEDAW-Convention on all forms of Discrimination against Women
• Human Development Index, Gender Empowerment Measure, 1995
• Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), 2000
• Women Empowerment Policy, GoI, 2001
• Gender Mainstreaming in planning, policy making and programme Implementation
The Australian Government has committed to remaining a firm and persistent advocate and practical supporter of gender equality, and has identified gender equality as a critical cross-cutting theme across the aid program. Three of the ten development objectives of An Effective Aid Program for Australia specifically address gender equality and the empowerment of women.
These are:
empowering women to participate in the economy, leadership and education;
saving lives of poor women through provision of quality maternal health care services; and enabling more girls to attend school.
Gender equality is central to economic and human development and to supporting women’s rights. Equal opportunity for women and men supports economic growth and helps to reduce poverty. To deliver real results and improve the lives of women and men, their families, and their communities,
Australia will organise the work on gender equality and women’s empowerment around four pillars:
1. Advancing equal access to gender-responsive health and education services.
2. Increasing women’s voice in decision-making, leadership, and peace-building.
3. Empowering women economically and improving their livelihood security.
4. Ending violence against women and girls at home, in their communities, and in disaster and conflict situations.
Australia will continue to invest strongly in improving gender equality across the aid program with a focus on what works, is effective aid and achieves results. This will include a more strategic and targeted focus in the areas where progress has been slow: women’s economic empowerment, women’s leadership, and ending violence against women. We expect the highest levels of expenditure in countries with the most severe gender gaps and constraints, including fragile states and conflict-affected countries.
Gender Inequality in Development
Dr. Vibhuti Patel, Director, PGSR
Prof. & HOD, University Department of Economics,
SNDT Women’s University, Smt. Thakersey Road, Churchgate, Mumbai-400020
Phone-26770227®, 22052970 Mobile-9321040048
E mail:vibhuti.np@gmail.com
Women’s Studies have challenged the conventional indicators of development that focus on urbanisation, higher education, mobility of labour, technological development, modernisation, infra-structural development, industrialisation, mechamisation in agricultural, white revolution, green revolution, blue revolution so on and so forth. Development dialogue of the 1ast 32 years (1975 to the present) resulted into intellectual scrutiny with gender lens of
• The critique of trickledown theory
• Marginalisation thesis popularised by the UN as WID (Women in Development)
• ‘Integration of Women’ Approach known as Women and Development (WAD)
• Development Alternatives with Women (DAWN) at Nairobi Conference, 1985
• Gender and Development (GAD)- Women in Decision Making Process, 1990
• Adoption of CEDAW-Convention on all forms of Discrimination against Women
• Human Development Index, Gender Empowerment Measure, 1995
• Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), 2000
• Women Empowerment Policy, GoI, 2001
• Gender Mainstreaming in planning, policy making and programme Implementation
It have information about gender Equality , Gender , Equality, Equity .
Information about need of gender equity.
Ways to help and achieve gender equality.
Various information about gender equality.
Gender Discrimination & Women Empowermentsachin tiwari
This presentation is about women empowerment & gender discrimination. Here, I have added a lot of facts & figures.
I have tried to highlight all the problems & hurdles regarding this problem and also suggested some ideas that can overcome all these problems.
Declining sex ratio is a great concern as it create the imbalance in the society which might be irreversible for many more decades. This PPT Presentation highlighted the issue of declined sex ratio and its impact .
Gender Equality is human right issue.when we are discriminating million of people on the basis of gender we are denying them basic dignity.so lets raise our voice against discrimination which is perpetual and glare at our face everyday weather we are at the Work place ,personal front or public.it is right there.Now it is your choice whether you face it,keep quiet about it due to the fear of backlash or voice your opinion against it.
Women Empowerment Project By Harsha Popat AhmedabadHarsha Popat
Women empowerment involves the building up of a society, a political environment, wherein women can breathe without the fear of oppression, exploitation, apprehension, discrimination and the general feeling of persecution which goes with being a woman in a traditionally male dominated structure.
It have information about gender Equality , Gender , Equality, Equity .
Information about need of gender equity.
Ways to help and achieve gender equality.
Various information about gender equality.
Gender Discrimination & Women Empowermentsachin tiwari
This presentation is about women empowerment & gender discrimination. Here, I have added a lot of facts & figures.
I have tried to highlight all the problems & hurdles regarding this problem and also suggested some ideas that can overcome all these problems.
Declining sex ratio is a great concern as it create the imbalance in the society which might be irreversible for many more decades. This PPT Presentation highlighted the issue of declined sex ratio and its impact .
Gender Equality is human right issue.when we are discriminating million of people on the basis of gender we are denying them basic dignity.so lets raise our voice against discrimination which is perpetual and glare at our face everyday weather we are at the Work place ,personal front or public.it is right there.Now it is your choice whether you face it,keep quiet about it due to the fear of backlash or voice your opinion against it.
Women Empowerment Project By Harsha Popat AhmedabadHarsha Popat
Women empowerment involves the building up of a society, a political environment, wherein women can breathe without the fear of oppression, exploitation, apprehension, discrimination and the general feeling of persecution which goes with being a woman in a traditionally male dominated structure.
Continuously rising Rape, Sexual Assault & Domestic Violence triggers alarm for India. Here are some real facts, fact checked information researched personally by my team at K D Singh Foundation since we have started working on to make India a #RapeFreeNation.
Sexual Harassment Of Women At Workplace Act'2013 ; Prepared by RameshKumar,HRRamesh Kumar
Latest update including the recent amendments with detailed notes explains what, why and how to implement in workforce. Create anti- sexual harassment policy
Empowerment of women and Legal Provision
Dr. Vibhuti Patel,
Director, PGSR & Professor & Head,
Department of Economics, SNDT Women’s University,
Churchgate, Mumbai-400020.
E-mail- vibhuti.np@gmail.com Phone-91-022-26770227, mobile-9321040048
The constitutional guarantees for empowerment of women
The constitutional guarantees for empowerment of women are as follows:
Fundamental Rights ensure empowerment of women thro’
Article 14- equal rights and opportunities for men and women in the political, economic and social sphere
Article 15- prohibition of discrimination on the grounds of sex, religion, caste etc
Article 15(3)- empowers the State to take affirmative measures for women
Article 16- provides for equality of opportunities in the matter of public appointments
The directive Principals ensure empowerment of women thro’
• Article 39- enjoins the state to provide an
– adequate means of livelihood to men and women and
– Equal pay for equal work
– Article 42- State to ensure the provision for just and humane condition of work and maternity relief.
• Fundamental duties
• Article 51v (A) (e) - fundamental duty on every citizen to renounce the practices derogatory to the dignity of women.
• Financial Accountability
• Article 151- reports relating to the accounts of the Union and states to be prepared and placed before the Parliament and State legislatures respectively.
Articulation of the demands and alternatives suggested by the women’s movement constantly refer to the Fundamental Rights in the Constitution of India such as
Article 14- equal rights and opportunities for men and women in the political, economic and social sphere
Article 15- prohibition of discrimination on the grounds of sex, religion, caste etc
Article 15(3) that empowers the State to take affirmative measures for women
Article 16 that provides for equality of opportunities in the matter of public appointments
When the government of India signed the UN charter on Equality, Development and Peace in 1975, the process of gender audit in the governance got an official stamp. In 1976, the Equal Remuneration Act was enacted to provide equal opportunities, equal treatment and equal wages for work of similar nature. NGOs have been consistently doing public scrutiny of Maternity Benefit Act, 1961 and specific provisions for women in general labour laws, The Factories Act, 1948 – Section 34 provides that the State government can lay down rules prescribing weights that may be carried by men and women, The Contract Labour (Abolition and Regulation) Act and Rules- that separate provision of utilities for women and fixed working hours.
Though these laws have proper implementation mechanisms, there is no provision for monitoring the effect of these laws on women. Allowance for special provisions for women have often proven to be detrimental to their employment opportunities. Participation of workingwomen in the decision-making processes in the industrial and agrarian relations is abysmally low. Women’s access to legal service largely remains inadequate in spite of the legal service Act, 1987.
Fostering an India in which women feel truly safe, is complex - to say the least. Law and Order machinery will improve in the medium term, but changing society's attitude is a big challenge, but the right AskHOW questions can generate solutions.
Prevention of Sexual Harassment at Workplace in IndiaAdv Rajasekharan
The presentation provides an overview of "the Provisions of the Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act" & its rules.
The law came into force on 9th December 2013, replacing Supreme Court's Vishaka Guidelines 1977. (Updated this presentation on 22 April 2014).
This PPT is about some social problems of India like corruption, child lobour, female foeticide, infanticide, poverty, malnutrition, dowery etc. and their causes, present status, consequences and preventive measures
3. Crime Head wise Incidence of Crime Against
Women during 2009 - 2012
Rape
Molestation0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
2009 2010 2011 2012
Rape
Kidnapping &
Abduction
Molestation
Sati Prevention
Act
4. Key Issues …
Reproductive health: Women, for both physiological and social reasons, are more vulnerable
than men to reproductive health problems. Reproductive health problems, including maternal
mortality and morbidity, represent a major – but preventable -- cause of death and disability for
women in developing countries. Failure to provide information, services and conditions to help
women protect their reproduction health therefore constitutes gender-based discrimination and a
violation of women’s rights to health and life.
Stewardship of natural resources: Women in developing nations are usually in charge of
securing water, food and fuel and of overseeing family health and diet. Therefore, they tend to
put into immediate practice whatever they learn about nutrition and preserving the environment
and natural resources.
Economic empowerment : More women than men live in poverty. Economic disparities persist
partly because much of the unpaid work within families and communities falls on the shoulders
of women and because they face discrimination in the economic sphere.
Educational empowerment : About two thirds of the illiterate adults in the world are female.
Higher levels of women's education are strongly associated with both lower infant mortality and
lower fertility, as well as with higher levels of education and economic opportunity for their
children.
Political empowerment: Social and legal institutions still do not guarantee women equality in
basic legal and human rights, in access to or control of land or other resources, in employment
and earning, and social and political participation. Laws against domestic violence are often not
enforced on behalf of women.
5. Gender Inequality
Statistics
Indicator Value
Population with at least secondary
education (Ratio of female to male rates)
0.528
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1000
for women aged 15-19 years)
86.3
Labor force participation rate, (Ratio of
female to male shares)
0.359
GII : Gender Inequality Index 0.610
Shares in parliament, female-male ratio 0.123
Maternal mortality ratio (deaths of
women per 100,000 live births
200
According to the UNDP report 2013
6. Some Facts …
National data collection agencies state that there are far fewer women than
men in the paid workforce
According to 1992-93 figures, only 9.2% of the households in India were
headed by females. However, approximately 35% of the households below
the poverty line were found to be headed by females.
The female literacy rate in India is far less than the male literacy rate.
According to the National Sample Survey Data of 1997, only the states of
Kerala and Mizoram have approached universal female literacy. According
to scholars, the major factor behind improvements in the social and
economic status of women in Kerala is literacy
According to a 1998 report by the U.S. Department of Commerce, the
chief barriers to female education in India are inadequate school facilities
(such as sanitary facilities), shortage of female teachers and gender bias in
the curriculum (female characters being depicted as weak and helpless)
7. Proposed Solution
• Volunteer driven education of women.
• The society and families should be enlightened primarily not to raise sons
indoctrinated with a sense of superiority and privilege.
• Education through Media and Literature.
Education
• Police should be treated as an accessory to the crime if they don’t register a
complaint.
• Fast-track courts, greater woman police force, sensitized male police force
and a special force for handling cases of violence against women (preferably
headed by a woman).
Justice
System
• For women working in various private and public organizations, the
employers should ensure their safety and organize an internal mechanism to
the same.
• Provision of safe transportation .
• Free defensive training courses should be started at the school level and
corporate organizations should also be encouraged to conduct the same.
Private
Safety
8. What can be done ?
To truly understand what is women empowerment, there needs to be
a sea-change in the mind-set of the people in the country. Not just
the women themselves, but the men have to wake up to a world that
is moving towards equality and equity. It is better that this is
embraced earlier rather than later, for our own good.Here are some
suggestions which can help the cause :-
changes in women's mobility and social interaction;
changes in women's labour patterns;
changes in women's access to and control over resources; and
changes in women's control over decision-making.