full prayagraj

1. Virtualization Structures, Tools, and
Mechanisms
• Understanding Hypervisors, Paravirtualization,
and Host-Based Virtualization
• Presented by: [Your Name]
• Date: [Presentation Date]

2. Introduction to Virtualization
• • Virtualization is the creation of a virtual
version of something, such as hardware
platforms, storage devices, or network
resources.
• • Purpose: Run multiple OS on a single
machine.
• • Benefits:
• - Efficient resource management
• - Cost reduction
• - Scalability

3. Types of Virtualization
Architectures
• 1. Hypervisor-Based Virtualization:
• - Runs directly on hardware (bare-metal).
• - Manages guest OS.
• 2. Host-Based Virtualization:
• - Runs on top of a host OS.
• - Uses host OS resources.
• 3. Paravirtualization:
• - Guest OS modified to interact with
hypervisor.

4. Hypervisor-Based Virtualization
• • A hypervisor allows multiple OS to share a
single hardware host.
• • Types:
• - Type 1 (Bare-Metal): e.g., VMware ESXi, Xen
• - Type 2 (Hosted): e.g., VMware Workstation
• • Functions:
• - Resource allocation
• - Isolation
• - Security

5. Xen Architecture
• • Open-source Type 1 hypervisor.
• • Supports paravirtualization & hardware-
assisted virtualization.
• • Components:
• - Xen Hypervisor (runs on hardware)
• - Domain 0 (Dom0): Privileged
• - Domain U (DomU): Guest VMs

6. Host-Based Virtualization
• • Virtualization on top of a host OS.
• • Advantages:
• - Easy setup
• - Uses host OS drivers/services
• • Disadvantages:
• - Performance overhead
• - Less efficient

7. Full Virtualization with Binary
Translation
• • Emulates complete hardware to run
unmodified OS.
• • Mechanism:
• - Non-critical instructions run natively
• - Critical instructions trapped/emulated
• • Example: VMware

8. Paravirtualization
• • Guest OS is modified to use hypercalls.
• • Benefits:
• - Reduced overhead
• - Better performance
• • Challenges:
• - Requires OS modification
• - Limited support for proprietary OS

9. KVM (Kernel-Based Virtual
Machine)
• • Linux kernel module for virtualization.
• • Uses hardware-assisted virtualization.
• • Features:
• - Leverages Linux kernel
• - Supports unmodified OS
• • Use Cases: OpenStack, cloud

10. VMware ESX Architecture
• • Type 1 hypervisor for enterprise.
• • Components:
• - VMkernel: Core hypervisor
• - Service Console: Mgmt interface (removed
in ESXi)
• • Robust and widely used

11. Comparative Analysis
• • Hypervisor-Based vs. Host-Based:
• - Performance: Hypervisor > Host-Based
• - Complexity: Hypervisor > Host-Based
• • Paravirtualization vs. Full Virtualization:
• - Performance: Para > Full
• - Compatibility: Full > Para

12. Conclusion
• • Virtualization improves resource use and
isolation.
• • Technique choice depends on performance
and compatibility.
• • Future Trends:
• - Containers
• - Hardware-assisted virtualization