The document discusses how data flows from personal devices to Google, detailing internet connectivity options and the role of data centers in processing this information. It introduces concepts of cloud computing, comparing public and private cloud services, and explains virtualization as it relates to running multiple operating systems on a single server. Additionally, it poses quizzes to engage the reader in understanding the complexity of data center operations and cloud services.

1. Virtualization and Cloud
Computing
Praveen Jain
Ex SVP at Cisco, working on next innovation
jainpraveen091
https://www.linkedin.com/in/praveen-jain-24b633
May, 2017

2. How does data flow from your computer to
say www.google.com?
Internet Data CenterYour Home/School/Office
2nd Home Other Home/School/Office
Options for internet:
• Telephone line
• Cable TV
• Fiber to the home
• Direct leased line
www.google.com
Image Source: [1]

3. Quiz: how many hops away is google from
your laptop?
• Guess how many hops away is www.google.com from this location?
• The number is between 1-64.
• Order for choosing winner:
1. Exact match
2. Closest match
3. Lottery tiebreaker
• After the guess, we’ll try to find the answer together

4. Traceroute from one home to www.google.com
traceroute to www.google.com (172.217.5.100), 64 hops max, 52 byte packets
1 192.168.1.1 (192.168.1.1) 1.248 ms 0.938 ms 0.797 ms
2 96.120.88.81 (96.120.88.81) 10.489 ms 16.527 ms 9.788 ms
3 <removed for privacy>
4 <removed for privacy>
5 be-231-ar01.santaclara.ca.sfba.comcast.net (162.151.78.249) 12.659 ms 11.517 ms 10.465 ms
6 be-33651-cr01.sunnyvale.ca.ibone.comcast.net (68.86.90.93) 11.964 ms 11.805 ms 12.101 ms
7 hu-0-13-0-1-pe02.529bryant.ca.ibone.comcast.net (68.86.84.14) 10.763 ms 11.445 ms 10.597 ms
8 66.208.228.70 (66.208.228.70) 13.373 ms 14.891 ms
as15169-3-c.529bryant.ca.ibone.comcast.net (23.30.206.102) 10.984 ms
9 108.170.243.1 (108.170.243.1) 11.812 ms 12.321 ms 12.084 ms
10 108.170.236.61 (108.170.236.61) 11.173 ms
108.170.236.63 (108.170.236.63) 11.065 ms
108.170.236.61 (108.170.236.61) 16.075 ms
11 sfo03s07-in-f100.1e100.net (172.217.5.100) 12.711 ms 13.031 ms 11.042 ms
Launch Terminal on your mac and type
traceroute www.google.com

5. How does your data travel across the sea?
Under sea cables around the world
Image Source: [4]
Under sea Cable Shields
Source: http://submarinecablemap.com/

6. 2) Storage
1) Servers
What is inside a datacenter?
• Think of them as big powerful laptop but with no screen
• This is what hosts your websites, runs applications, database servers etc
3) Networking, Security, and other devices
• Think of them as lot of big powerful hard disks sitting in boxes
• This is where all the data resides
Image Source: [1,2]

7. A quick comparison between your home vs Data Center
Your Home/School/Office
According to this report, Google had 900,000 servers in 2011
http://www.datacenterknowledge.com/archives/2011/08/01/report-google-uses-
about-900000-servers/
Data Center
Network
Racks of Servers, Storage, Security and other equipment
Image Source: [3]

8. Does every company need a Data center?
• Most companies are dependent on computers for their day to day
work
• Banks have accounts, investment management
• Stores have their sales, inventory management
• Universities have their admissions, grades, curriculum management
• Companies like Netflix offer online video streaming for their customers
• etc
• Number of computers (servers) and other devices varies based on
size and needs for the company
• These companies can either build their own data center or
“rent”
This leads us to talk about cloud computing next
Image Source: [1]

9. Cloud Computing: Electricity Example – Own vs
Rent?
“Rent” from PG&E Plant
• Do you imagine building your own plant to
generate electricity?
• Most of us rent from PG&E or equivalent
“Own” Tesla Solar Panel
• Some of us can generate our own electricity
Hybrid:
Generate electricity and if needed
go to PG&E for extra requirements
Image Source: [5]

10. Cloud Computing - Own vs Rent?
“Rent” from Amazon called Public
Cloud
• Amazon has facility, equipment, power, cooling,
and staff to manage Data Center
• Rent as needed from Amazon
“Own” Data Center called Private
Cloud (or On-Premise)
• Company has it’s own facility, equipment, power,
cooling, and staff to manage Data Center
Image Source: [1,6]
Hybrid Cloud:
Own Data Center, but rent extra
capacity from cloud during peak
such as Christmas time

11. Quiz: Size of Public Cloud Market in 2016
• Guess, what was the size of public cloud market, across all cloud provider companies, in
year 2016?
• The number is between $1-500 B.
• Order for choosing winner:
1. Exact match
2. Closest match
3. Lottery tiebreaker

12. Answer: Size of Public Cloud Market in 2016
Source: http://www.gartner.com/newsroom/id/3616417
Answer: $209.2B

13. Cloud Computing for you, as an individual:
It’s not just companies, you can “rent” (sometimes free up to certain limit) compute,
storage etc in cloud instead of owning in your home.
Buy new Computer or
Rent in Cloud? Image Source: [1,8]
Backup at home or
in Cloud?
Backup photos
at home or in
cloud?
Host your
website on
home
computer or
in cloud?

14. How do I migrate compute to Public Cloud?
Let’s say a company wants to migrate a server to public cloud. How would they do so?
• Can they move everything (including OS and
apps) to cloud in a click of a button?
• Answer:
• No, this OS was installed for this server
Operating System (OS)
Example: RedHat Linux
App1 App2 App3
Image Source: [2]
This leads us to talk about
Virtualization next

15. Compute Virtualization
• Runs a special Operating system called Hypervisor which abstracts
other OSs from physical hardware.
• Allows running multiple OSs on single server called “Virtual Machines
or VMs”.
• Allows migration of VMs to other servers and public cloud
Operating System
Example: Windows
App1 App2 App3
Hypervisor
Example: ESX, Hyper-V, KVM, Xen
Operating System
Example: Redhat Linux
App1 App2 App3
Image Source: [5]
Hypervisor
Server
Server

16. Quiz: How many VMs/Server in Datacenter in 2014?
• Guess, how many VMs are running per Server in Data center as of 2014?
• The number is between 1-100.
• Order for choosing winner:
1. Exact match
2. Closest match
3. Lottery tiebreaker
Hypervisor
Server
VM1 VM2 VM3 ?

17. Answer: How many avg VMs/Server in Datacenter
in 2014?
Source:
http://www.vmware.com/content/dam/digitalmarketing/vmware/en/pdf/whitepape
r/vsphere/vmware-idc-benefits-of-virtualizing-remote-and-branch-offices-
whitepaper.pdf
Answer: 30 report says 20-30+

18. Can I run multiple OSs on my mac computer?
Operating System (OS)
Example: Sierra
Chrome iPhoto iMovie
Operating System (OS)
Example: Sierra
Chrome iPhoto iMovie
• In your laptop, you can install Virtual Box and
can have any OS like Windows, Linux etc
• This Virtual box can be moved to any other
mac.
OS eg: Windows
Virtual Box
App1 App2
Image Source: [1]

19. Further Reading – Virtualization vs Containers
KubernetesDocker
Image Source: [9]

20. Reference Images
[1] https://www.apple.com/shop/buy-mac/macbook-air
[1] https://www.att.com/devicehowto/tutorial.html#!/interactive/id/interactive_47913?make=ATT&model=WirelessHomePhoneWF720
[1] http://www.ciscopress.com/articles/article.asp?p=2158215&seqNum=6
[1] http://www.madeinalabama.com/2015/06/google-build-600-million-alabama-data-center/
[2] http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/products/servers-unified-computing/ucs-c-series-rack-servers/index.html
[2] http://www.netapp.com/us/company/news/product-photos.aspx
[3] http://blog.westmonroepartners.com/a-beginners-guide-to-understanding-the-leaf-spine-network-topology/
[4] http://www2.telegeography.com/submarine-cable-faqs-frequently-asked-questions
[4] http://submarinecablemap.com/
[5] http://www.pennenergy.com/articles/pennenergy/2015/01/pge-begins-operations-at-new-220-mw-natural-gas-fired-power-plant.html
[5] http://news.energysage.com/tesla-solar-panel-roof-the-next-solar-shingles/
[6] http://www.techrepublic.com/article/aws-now-10x-the-size-of-its-competitors-is-the-cloud-arms-race-over/
[7] http://www.datamation.com/cloud-computing/public-cloud-providers.html
[8] https://discussions.apple.com/community/wireless/time_capsule
[8] https://www.eventbrite.com/e/website-in-a-day-tickets-34222331916
[8] https://shop.usa.canon.com/shop/en/catalog/eos-5d-mark-iv-ef-24-105-f4l-is-ii-usm-lens-kit
[9] https://www.docker.com/
[9] https://kubernetes.io/