this presentation was done as a part of my MBA in development management course, I was staying in a village in Odisha and analyzing the village by doing a socio-economic study of the village.

1. Development
Immersion
KUSAGUMA, ODISHA
Ravi Mahato
Nilabh Raj

2. village
01
Participatory Rural Apraisal
02
The organization
03
Theme paper
04
Content

3. Objective of village stay
To get an insight of the Socio-Economic and cultural realities of rural India.
To understand their Day to Day life.04
03
02
01
To understand the village level institutions and their importance in implementing
Development works.
To understand the dynamics of social structure, infrastructure, resources, and
various intervention on the villagers and how it effects the villagers.

4. Village
Village Kusaguma
Block Dharakote
District Ganjam
State Odisha
Boundaries-
 EAST
 WEST
 NORTH
 SOUTH
Aska
Surada
Sheragada
Bellaguntha
Parliamentary
Constituency
Dharakote
 Total households: 101
 Total Population: 540
 Male: 290
 Female: 250
 Sex Ratio: 1000 : 925
 Religion: Hindu
 Caste Composition:
 Schedule caste: 0
 Schedule Tribe: 0
 Other Backward Caste: 101
 Language Spoken: Odiya
 Literacy Rate: 68.91

5. 1870 1954 1960 1987 1989 1996 2002
ESTABLISHMENT
The village was
established in the year
1870.
SCHOOL
The Primary school
was Esstablished in
1954.
BICYCLE
The first bicycle was
bought in 1960..
ELECTRICITY
The village was
electrified in 1987.
PAKKA HOUSE
The First pakka house
in the village was built
in 1989.
TELEVISION
The first television
was bought in 1996.
BIKE
The first bike was
bought in 2002.
2007
TRACTOR
The first Tractor in the
village was bought in
2007.
2012
PAKKA ROAD
The pakka road in the
village was built in
2012.
Village timeline
Source: interview, focused group discussion.

6. 02
01
06
0503
04
Road
The village is well connected
by roads.
Water
All the household has supplied
water and 3 taps.
Health
Veterinary
PHC
Sanitation
All the houses have toilet and
bathroom.
Electricity
The village was electrified in
1987.
Education
Primary School
Anganwadi
Infrastructure and Services
Source: interview, Transact walk.

7. Resource Mapping-1
 Primary School.
 Anganwadi.
 Gram Sabha.
 Credit.
o Formal Source – Bank.
o Informal Source – Money Lenders.
o Internal Lending – SHG.
o Primary Agricultural Co-operative Society (PACS)
 Village Level Committees.
o Village Committee.
o VWSC.
o Child Club.
 Government Schemes.
o Biju Pukka ghar.
o Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana.
o MGNREGA.
o PDS.
Source: interview, Transact walk.
 Private rice mill

8. Resource Mapping-2
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Cow Bullock Calf Goat
21
34
16
6
19
17
16
2
LIVESTOCK
No of cattle Household
No household in
the village raises
poultry, sheep.
Total number of livestock
in the village = 77
Cow
27%
Bullock
44%
Calf
21%
Goat
8%
Only 2 families
have goats.
Source: interview, Transact walk, survey.

9. Resource Mapping - 3
 Land
 Agricultural land: 65 acre(approx.)
 Cultivated land :63 acre(approx.)
 Not Cultivable land:2 acer(approx.)
 Dry land : 55 acer(approx.)
 Irrigated land : 8 acer(approx.)
 Water
 River: Rushikulya (5 km)
 Pond: 4
 Forest
 Fire wood, leaves for making plates.
Source: interview, Transact walk.

10. Village Economy
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
CUMULATIVESHAREOFTOTAL
INCOME
POPULATION GROUP
Lorentz Curve
The Gini Coefficient of the village from the collected data is 0.2324.
Very poor
21%
Poor
64%
Middle
9%
Rich
6%
ECONOMIC STATUS
The average GDP of the village by
income method is Rs.1083500 with an
error margin of (22.900)
Source: census of 101 households.

11. Occupation
Non Agri-labour
22%
Farmer cultivator
51%
salaried job
2%
No secondary
occupation
23%
Agri-laborer
2%
OCCUPATION DISTRIBUTION
Source: interview, survey.

12. Income and Expenditure.
Agriculture
38%
Wage labour
10%
Salaired job
5%
Migration
39%
Bussiness
5%
Forest produced
3%
MAJOR SOURCE OF INCOME
Agriculture Wage labour Salaired job
Migration Bussiness Forest produced
Food consumption
45%
Clothing
3%
Health Care
2%
Electiricity
1%
Education
10%
Social function
14%
Agri. Related Exp.
25%
AVERAGE EXPENDITURE
Food consumption Clothing Health Care
Electiricity Education Social function
Agri. Related Exp.

13. Field force Analysis(Migration)
INHIBITING
FORCE
03
01
04
02
INDUCING
FORCE
03
01
04
02
Emotions
An Emotional Attachment to the village.
Cost of living
The cost of living in the cities is much
higher than that of village.
Housing
Lack of Proper Housing in the cities.
Food Habbits
Difficulty in Adapting the food.
Unemployment
Limited source of income in the village.
Landlessness
The people with no or very little land
prefer to migrate.
Low Agriculture Production
Low Agriculture Production in the field
leads to migration.
Indebtedness
When a person is too much in Debts, he
wishes to move out of the village and try
his luck.
Source: interview, focused group discussion.

14. SWOT
WEAKNESSES
OPPORTUNITIES
THREATS
STRENGTHS
STRENGTHS
WEAKNESSES
OPPORTUNITIES
THREATS
 Social Capital.
 Village committee.
 Illiteracy.
 Migration.
 Natural calamities.
 Shortage of water.
 Disposable plates made from leaves.
 Selling their products at places where more
price is paid.
Source: interview, focused group discussion.

15. Village Development plans
Short term Plans.
 Solving the water crises.
 Promoting more income generating activities:
o Making disposable plates.
o Grocery Shops in the villages.
o Increase the yield.
Long term term Plans.
 Improve Education quality.
 Optimize the agricultural Production.
Source: interview, Focused group discussion.

16. PRA
(participatory Rural Appraisal)

17. KUSAGUMA
SOCIAL MAP
Findings-
 Houses = 101
 Cattle shed – 3
 Water tank – 1
 Temple – 2
 School – 1
 Anganwadi – 1
 Community hall - 1
SOURCE: PRA
Houses Cattle
Shed
Pond
Water
tank
Temple
Community
center
School and
Anganwadi
Grain
storage

18. KUSAGUMA
RESOURCE MAP
Findings-
 Ponds - 4
 Hand pump – 3
 Water tank – 1
 Forest
 Agricultural land – 130 Acres
SOURCE: PRA

19. KUSAGUMA
MOBILITY MAP
o Janibilli
(4 km)
o Dharakote (5 km)
o Forest ( 3 km)
o In village
o Baradaballi (3 km) o Dasamaili (1.5 km)
o Haripur ( 5 km)
o Aska (18 km)
o Brahmapur (65 km)SOURCE: PRA

20. Major Crops grown
SOURCE: PRA

21. Women’s role in Household – level
decision making
Source: PRA, survey, interview.

22. Seasonality Map
2 3 1 7 6 8 10 9 4 5
6 5 4 1 2 3 10 9 8 7
2 10 9 8 7 4 6 3 1 5
6 5 1 2 3 4 10 9 8 7
4 2 10 9 8 5 6 7 3 4
1 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2
8 10 9
SOURCE: PRA

23. Daily Activity
4:00 – 6:00 am Bio- break, bathing, getting
ready for field work.
6:00 – 10:00 am Works in field.
10:00 – 11:00 am Comes from field, breakfast.
11:00 – 2:00 pm Market, Household works.
2:00 - 3:00 pm Takes lunch, rest.
3:00 – 6:00 pm Fields.
6:00 - 8:00 pm Social Interaction.
8:00 – 10:00 pm Dinner, spends time with
family.
10:00 – 4:00 pm Sleep.
4:00 – 6:00 Bio – break, get ready for
field.
6:00 – 8:00 am Field work.
8:00 – 10:00 am Sends children to school,
Washes utensils, Prepares
breakfast.
10:00 – 11:00 am Serves breakfast.
11:00 – 1:00 pm Household works, prepares
lunch.
1:00 – 3:00 pm Serves lunch to children,
husband.
4:00 – 6:00 pm Social Interaction, Television.
6:00 - 8:00 pm Prepares dinner.
10:00 – 4:00 pm Sleep.
Source: PRA, survey, interview.

24. Organization

25. Gram Vikas
 Mr. Joe Madiath, the founder of Gram Vikas first came to
Odisha in the early 1970’s as a student volunteer with the
Young Student’s Movement for Development (YSMD),
Chennai, to serve the victims of the a devastating
cyclone.
 Gram Vikas was registered as a Non- Profit Organization
on January 22, 1979.
 Since its inception, Gram Vikas has worked on a variety of
Development issues such as Biogas promotion,
Community forestry, Rural habitat development, and
Education.

26. Decade - V Focused Areas
Livelihood
Water
Sanitation &
Hygene
Village Institutions
Habitat &
Technologies
Education
06
01
02
03
04
05
Focused
Areas

27. Recent Recognitions.
02
03
04
05
01
Ranked 21 among the TOP 100 NGOs World in 2018.
ISC-FICCI Sanitation Award 2018 for the ‘Best Non-Profit
Engagement Model in Sanitation.
Lifetime Achievement Award for Social Work
To Mr. Joe Madiath..
Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD) recognised ‘MANTRA’ as
one of the ‘Good Practices in Rural Development Sector’ In the year
2015.
The 2nd Bihar Innovation Forum awarded First Prize to Gram Vikas for
impactful social innovation in the Access to Services category in the
year 2014.

28. Theme paper – 1
water management in Kusaguma, Odisha.
RAVI MAHATO (PDM06044)

31. Kotter's 8-step change
model

32. Theme paper – 2
EDUCATION
NILABH RAJ (PDM06029)

33. GOVERNMENT SCHEME
MID DAY MEAL
ODISHA ADARSH
VIDYALAY
ANGANWADI
PRIMARY
SCHOOL
ADARSH
VIDYALAYA
COLLEGE
SECONDARY
SCHOOL
VILLAGE
OVERVIEW

34. 11
5
20
8
01 1 1 0 0
30
16
7
3
11
32
13
15
5 6
35 35
28
6
10
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
0-5(class) 6-8(class) 9th-10th(class) 12th(class) Graduation
NO.OFSTUDENT
Educational status
Girls(dropout) Boys(dropout)
Boys(on going Education) Girl(on going education)
Migrant(dropout)
REASONS FOR DROPOUT
 POOR FINANCIAL CONDITION
 LACK OF AWARENESS FOR EDUCATION
 EARLY MARRIAGE
 CULTURAL BARRIER
 ACCESSIBILITY AND AVAILABILITY
 MIGRATION
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Gender comparision in Primay school
BOYS GIRL TOTAL

35. RECOMMENDATIONS
 AWARENESS ABOUT BENEFITS OF EDUCATION.
 IMPROVEMENT AND ENLARGEMENT OF BASIC SCHOOLING INFRASTRUCTURE.
 BEHAVIORAL CHANGE.
 TEACHER CHILD RATIO.
 TIMELY COUNCELLING AND SKILL DEVLOPEMENT.

40. THANK YOU!