Video Server

Presentation Outline
Introduction
Basic Architecture
Video Server Design
Archiving Considerations
Video Server Storage Systems
Basic Drive Technology
RAID Levels
Digital Media Applications
Optimizing Digital Media Disk Performance
© N. N. Maurya, 2012

Introduction
Reshaped the way program segments are stored
and played:
Permit material from a single storage source to be used
simultaneously by multiple users
Provide a migration path to the all-digital facility that
is not necessarily format-limited
Result in a reduction in lost or misplaced materials
Reduction in the size and space requirements relative
to a tape environment
Complete computer-control capabilities : Automation
Near-instant access and playback of video segments
Reduces the playback equipment required, reduces
tape consumption, and permits more efficient use
of human resources

Basic Architecture
The basic video server architecture consists of three
elements
Multiple hard disk drive system
Capable of fast and simultaneous data access
A disk array controller
Fast data communication interfaces
Among disk drives and networks.
Very fast CPUs, multiple CPUs and buses, and routing switchers.
Interfaces may also include data compression encoding and
decoding.
An operating system
Capable of handling multiple digital audio and/or video streams
Ensure correct file management and easy access

Basic Architecture…
Storage Space Requirements for Audio and Video Data Signals

All video servers have in common
Large storage capacity
Multiple channel capability
Most common application for broadcasting include
Transmission
Server-to-air applications
Data cache
Commercial on-air insertion applications
News
Multiple access to multiple segments
Guaranteed availability of output ports might be required for
direct on-air programming of news materials
Production
Video on demand (VOD)

Production
Wide bandwidth - simultaneous transfer demands
for large uncompressed video files with real-time
and random access capabilities.
In a production facility, a server stores all
compressed or uncompressed audio and video data
files for use in post-production and distribution.
The server is central to the production operation
and, thus, determines the overall performance of
the facility.
Production server bandwidth requirements

Production and Broadcast Server Bandwidth Requirements for
4:2:2 Video Signals

Video on demand (VoD)
This server application must deliver a large
number of channels
A high overall bandwidth may be required
to satisfy all demands.
Short access times are necessary for VoD,
whereas long access times permit near-VoD
(NVoD) only.

Video Servers on technical frontiers
Ability to transfer files at faster than real-time
Such features place considerable demands on
Bandwidth
Throughput of the system
Provide many operational benefits
Accelerated non-linear editing
Reduced program load-up times

Video Server Design
The simplest
Multiple streams of one or two video inputs
All the material is stored within the server
and plays out to multiple channels as
required

Video Server Design …
A server system expanded to utilize long-
form program storage
Long form programs (external storage)
Loaded into the server on an as-needed basis
Short-form (typically commercial) library that is stored in
the server.
The server then manages the entire play-out process to one
or more outputs.

large-scale system : newsroom environment
Feeds are brought into the system through a triage
station permitting rough editing of material
Selected material is stored in a feed server, which
is accessible by editors for story composition
Completed program elements are forwarded to the
on-air server, which stores them and plays-out as
needed
Clip server, a low-resolution server that delivers
video to multiple desktop viewing and editing
systems

Archiving Considerations
A video tape-to-server environment
with editing capabilities

Video server
Main parts of Video Server:-
1. High end CPU
2. I/O cards for Video
3. Storage- RAID (redundant array of independent Disks)
4. RAID Controller
5. Gigabit Card

Operations involved
Recording a clip
Creating Sub-clips
Editing Clips
Sequencing of Clips
Playing clips
Deferred live clips

Video Server features:-
I/O Flexibility
Software-configurable HD, SD and mixed HD/SD modes
Format Transparency
Integrated HD/SD software codec, including MPEG-2, IMX,
XDCAM HD and DVCPRO HD
High-Performance Architecture
Real-time, multistream, 64-bit processing
Exceptional Storage and I/O Redundancy
Dual hot-swappable power supplies, dual mirrored boot
drives, RAID soft software RAID content protection and
the optional Intrinsic Mirroring™ technology
Built-In Scalability
Simple upgrade path from two channels to hundreds of
channels
Integrated Media Applications
Support for a comprehensive range of broadcast
applications

Server operation
Ingestion/Dubbing
Schedulling
Playout

Video server in DD
In DD network:
Profile
Thunder
Leitch-VR445
Nexio Servers
Omnibus

Automation
Workflow
SHARER (Database Server)
VDRCS
(Control Leitch)
Sys-Manager
(Manage Sharer)
File Asst
(Delete Files)
CBS
(Playlist- Monitor)
Ingest-OUI
CBS-Control-OUI
(Edit Playlist)
Leitch-1 Leitch-2
SAN

RAID (redundant array of independent Disks)
RAID configurations : array of disks
RAID management software, which resides in the
host system, provides the means to control the data
being stored on the RAID subsystem.
Despite its multi-drive configuration, the individual
disk drives of a RAID subsystem remain hidden from
the user
The subsystem itself is the virtual drive, though it
can be as large as 1,000 GB or more.

RAID subsystems
Defined and standardized in accordance with
optimization parameters:
Performance
Redundancy
Highest capacity
Fault tolerance,
Combination of these attributes
Different RAID levels
Six common standardized RAID levels
RAID 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5.
The RAID controller board is the hardware element that serves
as the backbone for the array of disks

SCSI (small computer system interface) hard disk
drives are the foundation of most RAID systems
The drives use various numbers of magnetic coated
disks that rotate at 5,400, 7,200, or 10,000 RPM
The disks are logically divided into concentric circles
Tracks > Sectors
The number of sectors varies according to the
position of the track located on the disk
This technology is known as zone bit recording (ZBR)
Outside tracks contain more sectors than the inside
tracks

The transfer rate is greater from the outside tracks
Because a greater amount of data is available from a
single rotation of the disks (outside track)
SCSI levels
Standard SCSI, with a 5 MB/s transfer rate
Fast SCSI, with a 10 MB/s transfer rate
Ultra SCSI, with a 20 MB/s transfer rate
Ultra SCSI-2, with a 40 MB/s transfer rate

RAID Levels
The RAID 0 through 5 standards offer users a host
of configuration options
Each of the various configurations focus on
maximizing the abilities of an array in one or more of
the following areas:
Capacity
Data availability
Performance
Fault tolerance

RAID Level 0
RAID Level 0 is an array optimized for performance
Achieved through a method known as striping
In a RAID Level 0 configuration, a virtual drive is
comprised of several stripes of information
Each consecutive stripe is located on the next drive
in the chain

RAID Level 1
A RAID Level 1 subsystem provides high data
reliability by replicating (mirroring) data between
physical hard drives
In addition, I/O performance is boosted as the RAID
management software allocates simultaneous read
requests among several drives.

RAID Level 2
RAID Level 2, rarely used in video applications,
ensures that data is protected in the event drives in
the subsystem incur problems or otherwise fail
This level builds fault tolerance around Hamming
error correction code (ECC), which is often used in
modems and solid-state memory devices
ECC tabulates the numerical values of data stored on
specific blocks in the virtual drive using a formula
that yields a checksum
The checksum is then appended to the end of the
data block for verification of data integrity

RAID Level 3
A RAID Level 3 configuration is similar to a RAID
Level 0 in its utilization of data stripes dispersed
over a series of hard drives to store data
In addition to these data stripes, a specific drive is
configured to hold parity information for the purpose
of maintaining data integrity throughout the RAID
subsystem

RAID Level 4
RAID Level 4 builds on RAID Level 3 technology by
configuring parity stripes to store data stripes in a
non-consecutive fashion
This enables independent disk management
Ideal for multiple-read-intensive environments
Parity write bottlenecks

RAID Level 5
RAID Level 5 overcomes the RAID Level 4 write
bottleneck by distributing parity stripes over two or
more drives within the system
This better allocates write activity over the RAID
drive members, thus enhancing system performance

Other RAID levels
RAID Level 6
Emphasizes ultra-high data integrity
RAID Level 10
Focuses on high I/O performance and very
high data integrity
RAID Level 53
Combines RAID Level 0 and 3 for uniform
read and write performance

Comparison of RAID Level Properties

Digital Media Applications
Speed and storage capacity are particularly important
to digital media applications
Disk drive data access as a function of play time for a
conventional hard drive
Acceptable access time to deliver video data

Digital Media Applications …
Disk drive data access as a function of play time for a
hard drive optimized for A/V applications
Acceptable access time to deliver video data

On-disk caching schemes optimized for the file
characteristics of audio and video applications
“intelligent housekeeping” techniques to hide
necessary tasks in the background
Error recovery procedure overhead
Sophisticated and reliable means of error correction
Hardware Error Correction Code(ECC) on the fly
Software error correcting code technique is many times slower than
the hardware ECC approach
Rotational retries
Re-read data

Thermal calibration (T-Cal)
Hybrid servo system: dedicated and embedded servo system
designs
Data head degaussing
Data heads accumulate a slight magnetic orientation

Thank You

Video Server

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