The document provides an overview of concepts for video production, including discussing the decisive moment versus the extended moment in video, explaining the three phases of video production as pre-production, production, and post-production, and outlining tips for proper framing, exposure, focus, and white balance when filming video.

1. Intro to CG II
Extending the Moment
by Drew Loker
Some slides adapted from Roger Hein of Sam Houston HS, Arlington, Tx

2. Copyright Notice
• Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike CC BY-NC-SA
• This presentation is for educational purposes only. No money is being
made and is provided with similar allowances for other educators
to use for non-profit, educational purposes.
• Images are from various sources, including many of my own. If you
would like to high res images I have shot, please visit
www.DrewLoker.com for various work online.
• If you are the original author of any of the samples, pictures, text, etc.
please let me know if you object to the usage and I will
remove your material promptly.
Photo by Drew Loker

3. Video & Photojournalism
“We are products of other people”
&
“The Extended Moment”

4. Decisive to
Extended Moment
• In Photo 1, week 1, you learned
about the DM (Henri Cartier
Bresson a.k.a. The Decisive
Moment).
– You have learned how to pull
the trigger such as basic camera
operation and composition.
• Many pictures may truly exist
for only a fraction of a second
in time time, rarely, if ever, to
be repeated.
• I may be able to recreate a
scene, but it is usually
impossible to get the same shot
again.

5. Video is about the moment
• Video is a series of moments
• How are you going to find them
• If you don’t feel something, how will you
know if some body else is feeling
something.
– Would you give your life to save 100 people?
What about 1?

6. Everybody is Interesting
• Photographing a still of an interesting
person is good. But a video can tell a
lot more.
• It is easy to NOT be interested in
other people…because was have so
much going on in our own lives. But
slow down and LISTEN
– What can you learn about the people you
come in contact with.
– What story do they have to tell?
– What experiences have they had?
– Think about a video interview with a
senior citizen. What questions would you
ask? What could you document in a video
about a person’s life?
80-year-old woman helps Beaumont
Police catch burglary suspect

7. Video • Similar to photography, but even more so,
you have to anticipate what is going to
happen
• Video is about compressing time.
• Assembly = editing the video, creating a
montage
– This is LIKE how you pieced together your
photostory, yet MUCH different.
• Consider Cameron Diaz in “The Holiday” whose job
was to make movies look good.
• We have all seen a GOOD Trailer, just to be
disappointed by the movie.
– http://blog.moviefone.com/2010/05/20/good-trailers-for-bad-movies/ - Terminator Salvation: That's
always the danger of watching a trailer, though, because sometimes when it's a little too good, the
film is doomed to be a let-down -- and before you know it, you've been hoodwinked and you're
looking forward to a movie that never existed. [Re Twister] …prove yet again that quality film
making and box-office returns have nothing to do with one another, and this
crappy flick was one of the highest grossing movies of that year.”

8. Extended Moment
• We all know that there is
the 1 decisive moment
• But there are slivers of
time around that one
moment, that become the
moment.
• A lot of decisive
moments around make
an extended moment.
– The kiss on the cheek becomes
the hug, and the smile after the
kiss.

9. Video Projects
• Video 1 – Individual
– Edited in camera initial (shoot sequentially, ready to show with
minimal assembly)
– Edited AFTER the fact for a final project
– Topics: Video Story or PSAs
• Video 2 – work in Pairs..or individual
– RAW footage in field
– Edited in Adobe Premiere
– Topics: Music Video or Video Story 2
• Video 3 – Individual
– Topics: Timelapse or Claymation (stop action)
• DVD
– All videos (including photostory) in a Movie Style
DVD with menus, scene selection

10. Timeline of Video Production
• All three videos START in January. The due dates
for each video is different as the production time
frame is different. But all three videos PLANNING
begins right away, concurrently.
– Video 1 Filming should begin by the middle of Feb and
complete by the end of the 4th
6 weeks, edited in the 5th
6
weeks.
– Video 2 filming should begin by the end of the 4th
6 weeks,
complete by the middle of the 5th
6 weeks.

11. Concurrent
• Notice how many films
Sam did in 2010. That
is an AMAZING feat.
• Also notice the film he
acted in for Ten....due
to release in 2014 (it
is Feb 2013 now).
Post prodcution can
take a year after
filming.
• Thunder run has not
started film.

12. What does concurrent mean?
• All THREE of your videos should start in
the 4th
6 weeks.
– 4th
6, Week 1-3: Brainstorm, Plan,
Treatment Video 1

13. General Concepts
• Video Production – (as compared to Film and Movie) introduced late 60's to
early 70's
– 1 hour of editing for each 1 minute of shooting
• 3 projects
– 1. Silent Story, about 1.5 - 3 minutes., edit in camera/field as much as possible. Post edit after
initual due date with sound, effects, transitions, and credits.
– 2. Story or Music
– 3. Animation (Time-lapse or Claymation)
• All stories have:
– Beginning
• Introduce 1. People or subject & 2. Set the atmosphere or mood/tone. 3. Conflict
• In most stories except perhaps soaps: between 1st commercial, the credits and the second commercial the problem is presented. It is solved
by the end of the show.
– Middle
• Testing sequence (action - trying to solve a problem)
– End
• Resolve (success, opinion, failure)

14. Planning Your Video
• Brainstorming – Determine Theme
• Treatment – Where, how, tone, script
– Should have about 3 paragraphs of what is happening in the
storyboard
– Include an necessary materials, resources (props and equipment),
actors
• Story Board – create several boxes for each major scene
– Indicate camera action, movement, composition, etc.
• Audio Script (if talking) or Shooting Script
– Audio – script out everything that needs to be said and give to talent
in advance
– Shooting script – list of shots, in order (different from a storyboard…
this is just a check list)

15. Treatment for a video about the “Comm Graphics Department”:
This video’s primary purpose is to introduce the class to
potentially interested students, as an introductory video to be shown at
the beginning of the year, and as an example for video production
classes.
The video should have the following main areas of content:
Computer Graphic Design, Photography, and Video Production. The
video should highlight the emphasis on competitions and displaying
quality work to the public, as well as some information about the 2nd
year program.
Resources for material can come from the Communication
Graphics printed brochure. The video will include a variety of creative
cameras angles, editing techniques, etc.
Sample Treatment

16. Three Production Phases
• The production process is commonly broken down into preproduction, production, and
postproduction.
• 1. The Preproduction Phase
– In preproduction the basic ideas and approaches of the production are developed
and set into motion. It is in this phase that the production can be set on a proper
course, or misdirected to such an extent that no amount of time, talent, or editing
expertise can save it.
– In order for the program to be successful, the needs, interests, and general
background of the target audience (the audience your production is designed to
reach) must be studied and kept in mind throughout each production phase.
– During preproduction not only are key talent and production members decided, but
all of the major elements are also planned. Since things such as scenic design,
lighting, and audio are interrelated, they must be carefully coordinated in a series of
production meetings.

17. Three Production Phases, Cont
– Once all the basic elements are in place, rehearsals can start.
– A complex production may require many days of rehearsals. These generally start with a table reading or dry
rehearsal where the talent, along with key production personnel, sit around a table and read through the script.
Often, script changes take place at this point.
– Finally, there's a dress rehearsal. Here the talent is "dressed" in the appropriate wardrobe and all production
elements are in place. This is the final opportunity for production personnel to solve whatever production
problems remain.
• 2. The Production Phase
– The production phase is where everything comes together in a kind of final performance.
– Productions can either be broadcast live or recorded. With the exception of news shows, sports remotes, and
some special-event broadcasts, productions are typically recorded for later broadcast or distribution.
– Recording the show or segment provides an opportunity to fix problems by either stopping the recording and
redoing the segment or making changes during the postproduction editing phase.
• 3. The Postproduction Phase
– Tasks, such as striking sets, dismantling and packing equipment, handling final financial obligations, and
evaluating the effect of the program, are part of the postproduction phase.
– As computer-controlled editing techniques and postproduction special effects have become more sophisticated,
editing has gone far beyond simply joining together segments in a desired order. Editing is now a major focus of
production creativity.

18. Storyboard Development
• A storyboard is a Road Map, a Plan for how the video will go
– When a movie story/idea is presented to a potential producer/investors, a storyboard is used to help them see
the big picture, of how scenes may actually play out.
– Draw out details of each major scene change. Include details such as camera movement
• No matter how basic, it is very important to sketch something out.
– Do NOT just plan to start filming one afternoon. Even if a stick figure drawing is difficult for you, do it anyway.
– A story board is as much of a list of scenes and shot list as it is a plan for how the scenes will look
– A story board helps to work out location challenges in advance
• Proper Planning Prepares your Project for Prosperity
– If your talent shows up, even it is your best friend or parent, they are going to get frustrated with you if you have
not planned ahead how scenes are going to go.
– A story board can be rearranged in a different order. I have seen some schools use index cards for the
storyboard so the scenes can be easily rearranged.
• An entire industry exists around the creation of storyboarding

19. Storyboard Aids
• http://karenjlloyd.com/blog/free-storyboard-template-downloads/
• http://www.wacom.com/en/Products/Cintiq.aspx
• Resources are readily available online
• Special equipment, like the Cintiq Tablet or even apps for
the iPad are making Storyboard creations even easier.

20. Character
Development
• Diagram how
characters fit
with the story
and the
relationship
between the
characters.

21. Filming Basics
• Types of Shots
– Establish or wide shot - usually as wide as your camera will see. EWS
– Medium shot - about knees up or 2 shot (2 people) MS
– Close up - a head shot. CU
– Ext. Close up - ECU
• Manual focus - zoom in all the way, focus, and then pull out to frame.
• Camera angle - psychological pt. of view. You are directing the viewers eye.
• 5 C's
– Camera angle
– Composition
– Continuity
– Close-up
– Cutting
• Continuity = consistency. If there is a cigar in the ash tray in one scene. It must
be in all scenes.
• Close-ups - variety of shots.
• Cut up to set mood. - just a mouth - ECU

22. F.W.E.F.A.
• Fweefuh! So what is FWEFA? Good
question!
• F = Framing
• W = White balance
• E = Exposure
• F = Focus
• A = Audio

23. The first F
• Framing (see end of Pres for Framing
review)
• Make sure you have framed the shot
the way you want. Try different angles
or frames from different points of view
to get a variety of shots to help yourself
edit a better production later. You can
never have TOO many good angles.
• Try the basic framing guidelines first.

24. Framing Terms
• Video/Film is shot with a viewfinder.
• What you see in the viewfinder
determines the frame composition.
• There are 6 basic terms used to
describe what is seen in the viewfinder.

25. Terms in order of viewfinder angle
• Establishing shot or master shot.
• This shot is usually taken with a wide
angle lens and show an entire scene.
Think of a western movie and the shot
of the plains at the beginning of a
movie.

26. Establishing Wide Shot

27. Wide or Full Shot

28. Medium Shot

29. Medium Close-up

30. Close-up

31. Extreme Close-up

32. Basic Camera Moves
• Pan
• Tilt
• Dolly
• Truck
• Zoom (unnatural perspective)

33. Pan
• Panning is moving the camera on its
horizontal axis
• Left to right or right to left
• Whip pan - panning very quickly

34. Tilt
• Tilt is done by moving the camera on
it’s vertical axis
• Whip - tilt is the rapid movement of the
camera on it’s vertical axis
• Use to follow action from a high position
to a lower one or from a lower position
to a higher one

35. Dolly
• Moving the camera forward or
backward to or from your subject
• Don’t confuse this with a truck

36. Truck
• Moving your camera in the same
direction as your subject in a parallel
manner

37. W = White balance
• White Balance is needed to get the best color
recording for your video project.
• Most cameras do a pretty good job selecting
the best white balance for the situation.
• Difficult lighting can make for some strange
colors, especially on flesh tones.
• Manual white balance is a good thing to know
how to do.

38. White Card
• To manually set the white balance you
need a white card. A white t-shirt will
work in a pinch as will a piece of white
computer paper.
• Take a white card with you on shoots to
set the white balance if necessary.
• Mixed lighting requires balance
manually.

39. Camera Types at WB
• Used to spend a lot of time trying to learn on
THESE exact school cameras. Not going to do
that this year. Bring YOUR camera for the Video
Practice Next Week. If you don’t have a V-DSLR,
then you can use one of these.
• We have 5 DV Camera Types, 2 Brands
– Canon ZR 10, 40, 60
– Canon Optura 50 – Excellent Focus control, our
best camera
– Panasonic DV120D – Webcam, NO audio input,
Light
– All are Firewire for very HQ

40. Know your camera
• Most cameras have a manual white
balance.
• Read your manuals to find and use
manual or custom white balance.
• We have two brands and 5 models…
makes teaching difficult
– Canon Optura 50 is our best and most modern camera, but now
6 years old
– Canon Zr-10, 40, 60
– Panasonic – last choice, but an ok camera
• Has built in video light

41. Exposure
• Most camera will do a pretty good job
with automatic exposure setting.
Difficult situations include:
• Stage Lighting
• Back Lighting
• Dark complexions in low light

42. Changing Exposure
• Know how to change your exposure manually.
• Get and read the manual to know how to
achieve manual exposure settings.
– RTFM – That is Read The Freaking Manual…get it?
• Exposure can be changed with shutter speed
and aperture, just like still camera
• Some simpler cameras will just let you make
an exposure compensation. + or – 3 stops.

43. Focus
• Auto focus is great, but can mess you up in a
complex shot or if you want to use selective
focus for emphasis.
– Know how to manually focus your camera.
• Our Optura 50 has very nice manual focus
• Most inexpensive video cameras have very crude
manual focus controllers.
– The DSLR’s make this very easy. Just move the
switch to manual focus.
• Very elaborate systems to smooth dslr focus knob
– Check your manual for your camera’s manual
focus setting.

44. Focus Technique
• If you have a higher end camera and want to make
a long zoom shot there is a technique that will help
you keep focus.
– Start with the zoom at it’s longest focal length (zoomed
in).
– Focus on your subject.
– Now change your FOCAL length, not your FOCUS to the
shortest setting (wide angle).
– As you zoom, the subject should stay in focus.
• Some cheaper zoom lenses will change focus as
you zoom. You know you have a true zoom lens if
it keeps focus throughout the focal length change.
This is called parafocal and is NOT common even
on expensive lenses.

45. Audio
• Audio is a whole different animal!
• Things to remember about audio:
– Keep it as clean and understandable as
possible
– Bad audio will ruin Great video
– Great audio might save bad video!
• Mainly because you can put stills in place of the
video while the audio is maintained.
• Be sure to monitor your audio with a pair of
headphones.

46. External Audio
• Use external audio whenever
possible
• Cordless lavalier (lapel) mics are a
good way to improve audio quality.
• Boom mics are a good way to improve
audio quality if you need to show more
than one person in a shot.
• Use stereo mics if possible (we have
some). Current DSLRs have mono

47. Royalty Free Audio
• Incompetech.com
– Credit source,
– YouTube friendly
– Lots of different themed selections
(mysterious, suspense, action, beat)
– I have already dled most of this
collection…see server
• Jamendo.com

48. Acting
• “With any part you play, there is a certain
amount of yourself in it. There has to be,
otherwise it’s just not acting. It’s lying.”
Johnny Depp
• Prepare your people a script ahead of
time.
– Record scene several times.
– Be a director…don’t be afraid to tell them what
to do
– Reward your talent, food, gifts, coupons,
services, tokens

49. 10 Tips For Improving Your Home Videos
• If you shoot a two-hour video of your child’s birthday party or six hours of your last vacation with the
intention of editing them later into a good 15 to 30 minute video to show your friends, you will soon
realize that you are looking at hours of work. If you don’t edit the videos, then plan on using the fast
forward button on the remote early and often when viewing with friends.
• There is a way to avoid editing or the fast forward button, and that’s with a simple technique called "in-
camera" editing. With enough practice you can make an original video look like an edited master. Here
are 10 tips for improving your home videos.
• Tip #1 - Keep your shots short
– A twenty-second shot of a mountain scene will seem like an eternity. Try to hold your shots to between 5 and 10
seconds. On average, I'm usually closer to 5 seconds. Try looking at TV shows and news broadcasts, and count
how many seconds each shot is held. This will give you a good idea of pacing. TV news is edited very tight
because of the time constraints. You will see that many shots are only 2-3 seconds long. What ties those shots
together is the narration. (see tip #7). The bottom line is, if you think you would be fast-forwarding a scene at home
when you watch it, then it's time to hit the stop button.
• Tip #2 - Watch the panning and zooming
– Don't move that camera around like you're waving a flag." Pan slow (unless you're going for a special effect) or
don't pan at all. Remember, there is a stop button you can use when you want to go "from here to there". Also, be
careful not to zoom in and out too much. Your audience may get seasick. Again, remember there is a stop button.
You can stop recording, zoom in or out to compose the next shot, and start recording again. Try a wide angle shot
first to establish the scene, stop, zoom to your subject, and then start recording again.
• Tip #3 - Use close-ups where appropriate
– Don't be afraid to use close-ups, not the up the nostril type like you see on the TV news, but nice head and
shoulder shots, especially in interview situations.

50. 10 Tips For Improving Your Home Videos
• Tip #4 - Switch between "animate" and "inanimate" objects
– In other words people are the animate objects and mountains are inanimate. Break it up a little. Don't spend too
much time on people or too much time on the scenery. Remember, it just takes some short shots to break it up.
This also gives you a chance to change position and angle.
• Tip #5 - Change your position and angles
– Don't be nailed to one spot on the floor (or grass). Move around. Change your camera height. One effective angle
for street scenes or large rooms is to put the camera on the floor and set the lens at wide angle. When shooting
children, get down at eye level with them. Don’t make every shot from a standing shoulder height position.
• Tip #6 - Remember your last shot
– This is a key to in-camera editing. Try and create a storyboard in your head as you shoot, so you know where
you've been and where you're going. Most cameras have a feature where you can back up while in record mode
and see your previous scene. If your camera doesn’t have that feature, or you can’t remember your last shot, use
a scenery transition (something you know for sure that you didn't use last) or the "fade" if some time has elapsed.
• Tip #7 - Use narration to tell the story
– This is a key to interesting videos. It takes some practice. The narration ties the story together, but you have to
know where you're headed in the first place. The trick with narration and in-camera editing is to stop talking in mid
sentence, change angle or position, shoot and start talking again. The result looks like an edited cut with a voice
over. You may have to delay a silent count of one between talking and stopping the video and a count of one when
starting and talking or you could lose part of a word. It depends on your camera. You have to know your
equipment. Add humor to your narration. Interview your subjects and get them to open up. You don't have to ask
the questions while you are shooting. You can ask them a question off camera and their response will look like a
spontaneous comment. You can even tell them what to say if they can't think of anything.

51. 10 Tips For Improving Your Home Videos
• Tip #8 - Use the "rule of thirds"
– This tip could be a story in itself. For now just remember--when composing your shots don't center
everything.
• Tip #9 - Turn off the date/clock
– This is a sure sign of an amateur video. Unless you're doing a police investigation or insurance
video, you don't need that date and clock on all the time. You can always mention the date and
time in the narration. Use the date over a black lead in and/or exit out (plus titles if you have that
capability as necessary) for documentation and fast searching.
• Tip #10 - Don't over use the "fade" control
– The fade button used to be the only way to signal a break in time. Today’s digital cameras have
effects such as mosaic or dissolves, which can also be used as transitions between scenes. If
your camera doesn’t have those features try a "poor man's dissolve", or half-fade by using the
camera’s manual fade before your next shot.

52. Video Practice
• Practice Camera handling
– Various camera motions
– Learn how to control the camera
– Learn about camera Mics
• Video Scavenger Hunt

53. Camera Operation,
Practice Exercise
Practice Video Exercise
Practice the following shots.
Pick a simple topic…and record as many of the
following as possible.
For example: A person looking for a flower to pick.
Composition:
Each of your clips should exhibit good composition
o Rule of Thirds
o Lead room
o Depth of Field
o Aspect ratio
Camera Shots
o LS Long shot
o ELS Extreme long shot
o ES Establishing shot
o MS Medium shot
o MCU Medium close-up
o CU
Close-up
o ECU Extreme close-up
Camera movements
 Pan left, Pan right
 Tilt up, down
 Dollying & Trucking
 Tracking
Camera angles
 Eye-level shot
 Subjective angle
 Objective angle
 High-angle shot
 Low-angle shot
 Oblique-angle shot
Transitions:
 ZI Zoom in, ZO zoom out
 FO Fade out, FI Fade in
 Dissolve
 Cut
 Special effect

54. Terms
• Jog Wheel – for
editing

55. Terms
• Focus Control for DSLR

56. Video Production
Modules
http://www.cybercollege.com/matchindex.htm

57. Module 1, Part A, Sample

58. Module 1b, Focus #38

59. Module 2, Focus #39

60. Module 3, Focus 40

61. Module 4,
Focus 41
• View clips of
casting
• Discuss Period
piece…what is an
example?
• Discuss why
shows get
canceled, what is
an example of a
show they like
that got canceled
• Watch remaking
of star wars
movie.
• Watch Amazing
Special Effects –
staging, props,
etc.

62. Show Cancelation?
• Heroes - TV drama created by Tim Kring on NBC for 4 seasons from 9-25-2006 – 02-08-2010.
• The critically acclaimed first garnered an average of 14.3 million viewers in the US, receiving the
highest rating for an NBC drama premiere in five years.
• The second season of Heroes was criticized by commentators and fans for a much slower pace, less
engaging storyline and lack of focus compared to the first season. Milo Ventimiglia stated that "when
there's a little bit of a delay, there's not that instant, rewarding scene or moment or episode... people
get impatient, so it has been extremely important for them to strike a balance between giving and
getting."[74]
In an interview with Entertainment Weekly, Heroes creator Tim Kring commented on
criticisms of season two, and the series' 15% decline in ratings.[75]
Kring said that he felt he had made
mistakes with the direction of season two. He had thought that the audience was looking for a "build-up
of characters and the discovery of their powers", when viewers were instead looking for "adrenaline."
Kring also outlined what he felt were problems with plot development, stating that the second season
"took too long to get to the big-picture story"
The season four premiere of Heroes was the
lowest rated episode of the series to that
point, averaging 5.9 million viewers.[91]
Despite the season's low ratings, executive
producer Tim Kring was "fully expecting" a
fifth season.[92]
However, while creator Kring
was hopeful over the show's future many
media insiders were not so confident. There
was growing speculation on some news
sites that NBC would cancel the series at the
conclusion of its fourth season [93]
or that it
might renew the show for a fifth and final
season by ordering either 6 or 13 episodes
and possibly airing them as a backup or mid-
season replacement.[94]
On May 14, 2010,
NBC made it official that Heroes was indeed
cancelled.

63. Some 2011 shows canceled…
Charlie's Angels: Canceled due to poor ratings. This series struggled right out of the gate and never
managed to pick up from there. Despite the intense ad campaign, ABC squashed this reboot after 3
episodes. All in all, 8 episodes were produced, 7 have aired and 1 will never see the light of day.
Desperate Housewives: After eight fantastic years, ABC and series creator Marc Cherry opted to end the
show before the ratings continued to plunge. Luckily for DH fans, the writers knew before writing had
commenced for the last season that this would be the end, so the entire final season has been geared
towards one important goal -- giving the fans the closure we all deserve. The final episode is scheduled
to air in May, 2012.
House: After eight seasons and sinking ratings, the producers of the show (which include series star Hugh
Laurie) decided it was time to end the once-successful series. The finale is set to air in May.
Chuck: After four seasons of less than stellar ratings (and several fan campaigns that helped save the
show each year), NBC decided to bring the show back for one last, shortened season. The entire fifth
season was one long goodbye with a very satisfying ending.
Prime Suspect: NBC really wanted to get fans on board with this crime drama, even trying different time
slots, but viewers just never warmed up to this series -- in fact, they just simply didn't bother giving it a
shot at all.
The Nine Lives of Chloe King: Although ABC Family gave this series the benefit of a lead-in from their
top-rated series Pretty Little Liars, viewer retention rate was alarmingly low and the network canceled
the show at the end of its summer run. Rumors are circulating that ABC Family may produce a two-
hour movie to complete the series after fans flooded the network with complaints.
Hawthorne: After three seasons, TNT opted to cancel the medical drama after it had continued to plunge in
the ratings and failed to reach new viewers.
Men of a Certain Age: Despite its award-winning cast, viewership maintained alarmingly low levels and
TPTB could no longer justify the expense of the show.
The Closer: After seven amazing seasons, the producers and TNT decided to end the series while it was
still on top. A spinoff titled Major Crimes, starring Mary McDonnell is expected to premiere this summer.

64. Module 5, #42
• Your Video Hunt footage is considered B-Roll
• New videographers are sent out to get B footage.
• Not to be confused with the term “B Movie”…which refers to Budget Movie

65. Module 6, #43

66. Module 7, 44

67. Module 8, 45 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge-
Progressive or noninterlaced
scanning is a method for
displaying, storing or
transmitting moving images in
which all the lines of each
frame are drawn in sequence.

68. Module 9a, 46

69. Module 9b, #2 Focus

71. Module 10, 4

72. Module 11, #7 Focus
Get a camera out to demonstrate or
show video.

73. Module 12, #8 Focus

75. Module 13a, #9 Focus

76. • http://strobist.blogspot.com/2010/06/using-nd-filters-
to-kill-depth-of-field.html

78. Module 13b, #10

79. Module 14, #11

80. Module
15

81. Module 16a

82. Module 16b

83. Module 17a

85. Module 17b

88. Module 18

89. Module 18
• CCU = Camera Control Unit - The RCP-TX7 (full DSP controller) can be
used from the CCU allowing 16 user preset scene files. Audio from the
camera and teleprompter functions when attached to the new CA-D50
adapter is possible.
• DSP - Digital Signal Processor. Used to covert speech to text and vice versa.
From Wiki…Since the goal of DSP is usually to measure or filter continuous
real-world analog signals, the first step is usually to convert the signal from
an analog to a digital form, by using an analog to digital converter . Mac was
one of the first companies to put a DSP in the computer. This was very
special because the Computer a 660av (1996) was labeled as a speech
capable computer that would talk and listen to your speech commands.
http://applemuseum.bott.org/sections/computers/q660.html
• SC Control – Hue Control - http://www.cybercollege.com/tvp018.htm
• White level - The carrier signal level corresponding to maximum picture
brightness in television and facsimile.
• Black level - The level of the television picture signal corresponding to the
maximum limit of black peaks.

91. White Balance
• Film cameras – must match film stock to the film rating, i.e.
daylight vs. tungsten/incandescent
– For florescent (FLd), you had to put a filter on the front of your lens.
• Digital SLRs – Have a white balance setting.
– AWB – Auto White Balance is too blue or too yellow…better to set
the actual color.
• Video Cameras – also have white balance setting.
– Older cameras had a white point setting…you pointed it at
something white and pressed the button
– Newer VIDEO and Digital Video Cameras have a setting similar to
Digital SLRs allowing you to dial in the exact White Balance.

92. White Balance Options
Here are some of the basic White Balance settings you’ll find on cameras:
• Auto – this is where the camera makes a best guess on a shot by shot basis. You’ll find it works in
many situations but it’s worth venturing out of it for trickier lighting.
• Tungsten – this mode is usually symbolized with a little bulb and is for shooting indoors, especially
under tungsten (incandescent) lighting (such as bulb lighting). It generally cools down the colors in
photos.
• Fluorescent – this compensates for the ‘cool’ light of fluorescent light and will warm up your shots.
• Daylight/Sunny – not all cameras have this setting because it sets things as fairly ‘normal’ white
balance settings.
• Cloudy – this setting generally warms things up a touch more than ‘daylight’ mode.
• Flash – the flash of a camera can be quite a cool light so in Flash WB mode you’ll find it warms up
your shots a touch.
• Shade – the light in shade is generally cooler (bluer) than shooting in direct sunlight so this mode
will warm things up a little.
•
Read more: http://digital-photography-school.com/introduction-to-white-balance#ixzz0l4zBLqg0

93. WB

94. Module 19

95. Module 20

96. Module 21

97. Module 22

98. Module 23

99. Module 24

100. Module 25

101. Module 26

102. Module 27

103. Module 28

104. Module 29

105. Module 30

106. Module 31

107. Module 32

108. Module 33

109. Module 34

110. Module 35

111. Module 36

112. Module 37

113. Module 38

114. Module 39

115. Module 40

116. Module 41

117. Module 42a

118. Module 42b

119. Module 43

120. Module 44

121. Module 45

122. Module 46

123. Module 47

124. Module 48

125. Module 49

126. Module 50

127. Module 51

128. Module 52

129. Module 53

130. Module 54

131. Module 55-56

132. Module 57

133. Module 58

134. Module 59

135. Module 60

136. Module 61-62

137. Module 63

138. Module 64

139. Module 65

140. Module 66

141. Module 67

142. Module 68-70

143. Cable Types
Single conductor Binding post · Banana plug · Fahnestock clip
Analog audio TRS · XLR · DIN / Mini-DIN · DB25 · Speakon
Digital audio BNC · S/PDIF · TosLink · XLR
Video DVI / Mini-DVI / Micro-DVI · UDI · DMS-59 · VGA / Mini-VGA ·
DFP · BNC · DIN / Mini-DIN · DB13W3 · D-Terminal
Multi RCA · ADC · Belling-Lee · DisplayPort · EVC · F · HDMI · P&D ·
AV Multi · SCART · TRS

144. RF - Coaxial
Cable coaxial
RG-59 or 58 or
6
A: Plastic
Jacket
B: Metallic
C: Dialetric
Insulator
D: Center Core

145. RF - Coaxial
• The RF Coaxial Cable connection
is used for transferring television
signals (audio and video)
originating from an antenna or
cable box to a Television. In
addition, VCRs can also utlize this
connection for both receiving and
transfer television signals and for
watch VHS tapes. The type of RF
Coaxial Connection pictured here
is the Push-on type (right) and
Screw-on type (bottom).

146. Coaxial – lots of different connections

147. RCA or Composite
• A Composite
Video
Connection is
a connection
in which both
the Color and
B/W portions
of the video
signal are
transferred
together. The
actual physical
connection is
referred to as
an RCA video
connection
and is usually
Yellow at the
tips. Analog Stereos cables transfer Left and Right stereo signals from components, such as, a
CD player, Cassette Deck, VCR, and other devices to a stereo or surround sound amplifier
or receiver. Red is designated for the Right Channel and White is designated for the Left
Channel. These colors will correspond to the colors of the receiving end analog stereo
connectors on an amplifier or receiver.

148. RCA or Composite

149. Phono Plugs

150. S-Video
Hot pluggable
yes
External
yes
Video signal
NTSC, PAL or SECAM
video
Pins
4 or 7 Connector Mini-DIN
connector
Pin 1 GNDGround (Y)
Pin 2GNDGround (C)
Pin 3YIntensity
(Luminance)

151. S-Video
• An S-Video
connection is an
analog video
connection in which
the B/W and Color
portions of the signal
are transferred
separately. The signal
is then recombined by
the Television or video
recording device at
the receiving end. The
result is less color
bleeding and more
defined edges than
with a standard analog
composite video
connection.

152. Component
• A Component Video Connection is a video
connection in which the separate color and
B/W elements of the signal are transfered via
separate cables from a source, such as a DVD
player, to a video display device, such as a
Television or Video Projector. This connection
is represented by three RCA cables -- that
have Red, Green, and Blue connection tips.
There are two types of component video
connections in use for consumers: Y,Pb,Pr -
Progressive Scan component video
input/output connection, and Y,Cb,Cr -
Interlaced scan only component video
input/output connection.

153. Component

154. HDMI – High Definition Multimedia Interface
• HDMI stands for High Definition Multi-media Interface. To transfer the digital
video signal from a source to a TV, the source must convert the signal from
digital to analog, this results in some information loss. However, an HDMI
connection, can transfer a digital video source signal (such as from a DVD
player) digitally, without conversion to analog. This results in a pure transfer
of all of video information from the digital video source to a HDMI or DVI (via
a connection adapter) equipped TV. In addition, HDMI connectors can
transfer both video and audio signals.

155. DVI – Digital Visual Interface
• DVI stands for Digital Visual
Interface. A DVI interface
connection can transfer a
digital video signal from a
source component (such as
from a DVI-equipped DVD
player, cable, or satellite
box) directly to a video
display that also has a DVI
connection, without
conversion to analog. This
can result in a better quality
image from both standard
and high definition video
signals.

156. • A digital optical
connection is a
fiber-optic
connection that is
used for
transferring digital
audio signals (such
as PCM, Dolby
Digital, and DTS)
from a source
device, such as CD
or DVD player and
an AV receiver or
Surround Sound
Preamp/Processor.
This connection is
also referred to as
a TOSLINK
connection.
Fiber Optic - Toslink

157. Coaxial – Digital AUDIO via a RCA plug

158. VGA
• Standard computer
connection.
• Better to use much
higher quality DVI
connection if
possible.

159. Firewire
• DV Connection, also
known as iLink, Firewire,
and IEEE1394
• For connecting miniDV
and Digital8 camcorders
to DVD recorders records
to enable digital transfer
of audio and video from
miniDV or Digital8
recordings to DVD.

160. • Here is a look at rear connection panel of a typical HDTV. On the top, from left to right, there are
connections for HDMI/DVI, including a set of analog stereo audio inputs, and a VGA monitor input for use
with a PC.
• On the top right is the RF Coaxial Cable/Antenna Connection. Just below the RF connection are headphone
and analog stereo audio outputs.
• On the bottom left there are two sets of HD-Component inputs, paired with analog stereo audio inputs.
• On the bottom right side are a service port, plus two sets of analog stereo audio and composite video
inputs.
• There is also an S-video input option just to the right of one of the composite video inputs.
• As you can see, an HDTV has a variety of both standard and HD input options.
Typical HDTV

161. Typical HDTV

162. CD and DVD
Players
Receiver Connections

163. High End Receiver with large variety of connections

164. Projector Connections

165. RF Modulator

166. RF Splitter

167. Adobe Premiere
Starting With Premiere

168. New Project
• Before starting create a
folder for Video Projects
• Location
– Set location to P drive
– Browse to your Video
folder, make a new
folder for Video # that
you are working on
– Name your video

169. Capture Video
• Connect FireWire
• File Menu
– Capture (F5)
• Cue up tape (you can use the computer
controls)
– If you entered the time at the beginning of
your tape, you can try “Scene Detection”
• Press the record button.

170. Guidelines for Framing
• Rule of Thirds Tic-Tack-Toe
• Framing
• Leading Lines
• Balance
• Simplicity
• Mergers - Avoid these at all costs!

171. Rule of Thirds
• Rule of
Thirds
• Place the
main subject
on one of the
intersections
of the
imaginary
lines of a tic-
tack-toe
board.

172. Rule of thirds
• Rule of thirds is a good rule to remember
when shooting landscapes as well.

173. Rule of thirds
• Place the horizon in the upper or lower
third of your scene.

174. Framing
• Use objects in the foreground to
emphasis the main subject in the
background of your image.

175. Framing

176. Leading Lines
• Lines that lead your eye to the subject.
• Can be diagonal, curved or even an S-
curve.

177. Diagonal Line

178. Curved Leading Line

179. S-Curve

180. Random Leading Line

181. Balance
• Symmetrical
• Non-symmetrical

182. Symmetrical

183. Non-symmetrical

184. Simplicity
• Make the subject the easiest thing to
see in the picture. Eliminate confusing
backgrounds and don’t show any un-
related subjects.

185. Simplicity - object

186. Simplicity - person

187. What NOT to do - Mergers
• Mergers are a no no. This happens
when the person behind the camera
does not check the edges of the frame
or does not look at the background of
the scene.
• Two kinds of mergers: Border and Near

188. Near Merger

189. Border Merger