MATERİALS CONSTRUCTİONS

1. Normal consistency test
Definition of terms
- Normal consistency: A standard measure of plasticity of a
cement paste. A paste has normal consistency when a Vicat
plunger penetrates 10 ± 1 mm in 30 sec.
Procedures
- Secure 300 g. of cement
- Mix cement with measured quantity of clean water
- Mould cement paste into shape of a ball. With gloved hands, toss
ball six times through a free path of about six inches from one hand
to another.
- Press ball into larger end of Vicat ring and completely fill ring
with paste.
- Remove excessive paste without compressing samples and locate
ring under plunger of Vicat apparatus.
- Place plunger in contact with top of paste and lock. Set indicator
on the scale to zero.
- Release plunger and record settlement of plunger in mm after 30
seconds.
- Repeat process with trial paste with varying percentages of water
until normal consistency is observed.
It is used to mix 300 g cement and water at 1
minute. After that, with instrument vicat is
determined slump values. If the value
measurement between the 5-7 mm, consistency is
useful. Our experiment slump is 8 mm. Because
of that, amount of water must be increased.......
VICAT DEVİCE

2. Set time test
Definition of terms:
- Time of initial set: The time at which the concrete can no longer
be properly mixed, finished or compacted. (Represented by a Vicat
needle penetration of 25 mm or less).
- Time of final set: The time required for the cement to harden to a
point where it can sustain some load. (Represented by no
penetration of Vicat needle.)
Procedures
- Mix 300 g of cement with the percentage of water required for
normal consistency as described above. (The specimen used for the
normal consistency test can be used.)
- After moulding cement paste into the test ring, place specimen in
moist room for 30 minutes.
- Place specimen ring under Vicat apparatus and lock needle on
surface of paste. Set indicator scale to zero.
- Release weighted needles and record the penetration in mm after
30 seconds.
- Repeat process every fifteen minutes until initial set is achieved.
- Repeat processes every hour until final set is achieved.
INITIAL SET
Cement : 300 gr (CEM I 42,5)
Water : 102 gr
8 mm
FINAL SET
27,5 gr mass
3,5 mm is finished setting

3. COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF HYDRAULIC CEMENTS MORTARS
Scope
This test method covers the determination of the compressive strength of hydraulic cement
mortars using 2-inch (50 mm) cube specimens.
Mortar Composition - The proportions of materials for the standard mortar shall be one part of
cement to 2.75 parts of graded standard sand by weight. Use a water-cement ratio of 0.485 for
all portland cements and 0.460 for all air-entraining portland cements. The water-cement ratio
for other than portland and air-entraining portland cements shall be such as to produce a flow
of 110 +/- 5.
Cement, 450g
Sand, 1350g
Water, 225 g
(w/c=0.5)
Mixer and Mixing Bowl Used Specimen Molds

4. Compressive Strength Determination
Test all specimens according to the specified testing schedule. Three, 7, and 28 day strengths
will be obtained to ascertain the strength gain as a function of time.
1) Remove specified test specimen from the curing tank. Wipe to a surface dry condition and
remove any loose sand grains or incrustations for test surfaces. Determine the unit weight of
the specimen by carefully weighing, and measuring the dimensions of, each cubical specimen.
2) Apply the load to specimen faces that were in contact with the true plane surfaces of the
mold. Check the straightness of these faces with a straight edge. Note that grinding is required
if the surfaces have appreciable curvature. Select opposing surfaces which have the straightest
profiles.
3) Place specimen below the center of the upper bearing block of the testing machine.
Ascertain that this spherically seated block is free to tilt. Test at a loading rate such that the
peak load will be reached in a period of 20 s to 80 s. Make no adjustments in the controls of
the testing machine while specimen is yielding prior to failure.
4) Schematically show how the specimen failed.
5) Record the total maximum load as indicated by the testing machine. Calculate the
compressive strength of the specimen in pounds per square inch (psi). Express this strength in
Pascals (Pa).
6) Calculate the average of all like specimens and report to the nearest 10 psi (70 kPa).
Report
After testing at 1, 3, and 7 days, generate curves, using all group data for each cement type, of
compressive strength vs. time of testing. Show all data points and plot an average curve. Plot
the ASTM C150 Specifications.

5. Testing “4x4x4” mortars in Tinius Olsen UTM
σ =M/Ix(h/2)
M = (PxL)/4
I = (bh*3)/12
Pace Rate= 0,1 kN/s
TENSİLE STRENGTH
Trial #1 Trial #2 Trial #3 Mean
P(kN) 4,21 4,08 4,76 4,35
A(mm2) 6400 6400 6400 6400
σ(N/mm2) 65,78 63,75 74,37 67,96
COMPRESSİVE STRENGTH
Trial #1 Trial #2 Trial #3 Mean
P(kN) 78,1 86,6 86,2 83,6
A(mm2) 1600 1600 1600 1600
σ(N/mm2) 48,82 54,12 53,87 52,25
The above chart displays the compressive strengths for all replicates from section 1 and
section 2. The ASTM specification for 7 day compressive strength is 52.25. All 8 cubes
tested exceeded the 52.25 as shown above

6. FLEXURAL TENSİLE STRENGTH
450 gr cement ,1350 g sand and,225 g water are being mixed.It is finding the
Bending load (P) at the 28 days. After that it is found FLEXURAL TENSİLE
STRENGT
4.21
P/2 P/2
5,25cm
5,25cm
M1
M2

7. Calculations
1 ) Stress=F/A 83,6/1600=5,25kn/m2
2)σtensile=M*c/I=228,3*20/0,0214
Shape of Fracture
As seen in the photo to the right, an hour-glass shape is common for a 2in. X 2in. cement
specimen after fracture.
Statement of Test Results
We were unable to test the mortar cubes at 1, 3, and 28 days. If we would have been able to
test at the other days listed, we would be able to plot up the data and see how the strength
increases with time.
The data we achieved from the 7 day tests meet the ASTM C52 specifications of 83.6 psi.
Conclusion
The cement mortar cubes that were prepared and tested in lab sufficiently met the ASTM C52
specifications. I would have liked to have ran the 1, 3, and 28 days tests to see the strength-
time relationship we would have achieved. I would recommend having volunteers run the
tests if the classes are not in lab to get the data.