practical of construction material

1. Practical of Construction
Material
TOTAL : 6 PRACTICAL

2. Format
1. Cover Page
2. Report
Objective
Requirement
• Apparatus
• Material
Theory
Procedure
Observation
Result
Discussion
Conclusion
Precaution
References

3. Cover page
Purbanchal University
Khwopa Engineering College
(An undertaking of Bhaktapur Municipality)
Libali –8, Bhaktapur
A
Lab Report on
Construction Material
Practical No: 1
(Title)
SUBMITTEDBY: SUBMITTEDTO:
Name Er. Ramesh Bala
Roll No. Department of CivilEngineering
Date ofSubmission:
1.5”
2”
0.75”
0.75”
Text -> Calibri (Body)
14
12
24
12
14
14
18
16
12
14
14
16
14

4. Report
◦ Objective
◦ Content
◦ Requirement
◦ Apparatus
◦ Material
◦ Theory
◦ Procedure
◦ Observation
◦ Result
◦ Discussion
◦ Conclusion
◦ Precaution
◦ References
14
12
Procedure -> Past Tense
-> Point wise
Theory -> follow book and internet to get material
-> include related picture.
Discussion -> should be in your own language
-> strictly prohibited to copy of your friends
References -> write the books and documents that you
have followed to write the report

5. Practical 1
Grading of AGGREGATE
Objective:
To determine the particle size distribution of aggregate by
sieve analysis

6. Apparatus
A set of IS sieve
A set of IS sieve
Balance of 10kg capacity
Sieve Size (mm)
Coarse Aggregate Fine Aggregate
40 4.75
25 2.36
16 1.7
12.5 0.425
10 0.15
4.75 0.075
pan pan
Brush

7. Material
Coarse Aggregate -> 5kg
Fine Aggregate -> 2kg

8. Theory
 Grading of Aggregate
 Coarse Aggregate
 Fine Aggregate
 Coefficient of Uniformity
(Cu) = D60 / D10
Coefficient of Curvature
(Cc) = (D30)^2 / (D10*D60)

10. Observation Table
For Coarse Aggregate
Sieve Size Wt. of
aggregate
retain (gm)
Cum. Wt.
retain (gm)
Cum %
retained (R)
% finer (N)
than (100-R)
Remarks
40
25
20
16
12.5
10
4.75
pan
Total Mass
retained

11. Observation Table
For Fine Aggregate
Sieve Size Wt. of
aggregate
retain (gm)
Cum. Wt.
retain (gm)
Cum %
retained (R)
% finer (N)
than (100-R)
Remarks
4.75
2
1
0.6 (600 u)
0.425 (450 u)
0.212 (212 u)
0.15 (150 u)
0.075 (75 u )
pan
Total Mass
retained

12. Plotting of Semi log Graph
Particle size (mm)
Percent
Passing
0.001
100 10 1 0.1 0.01
0
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
20
10

13. Practical 2
CONSISTENCY TEST OF CEMENT
OBJECTIVE:
To Determine Standard Consistency of a given sample of
cement

14. Requirements
Apparatus
 Vicat Apparatus Conforming to IS: 5513-1976.
 Balance of capacity 1Kg and sensitivity to 1gram.
 Gauging trowel conforming to IS: 10086-1982.
Material
 Cement -> 300gms
 Water

15. Standard consistency of a cement
The standard consistency of a cement paste is defined as that consistency which will permit the
vicat plunger to penetrate to a point 5 to 7mm from the bottom of the vicat mould.
This test helps to determine water content for other tests like initial and final setting time,
soundness & compressive strength.
Consistency refers to the relative mobility of a freshly mixed cement paste or mortar or its ability
to flow.
Generally the normal consistency for OPC ranges from 26 to 33%.

16. Procedure
◦ Temperature -> 27 ± 2oC
◦ relative humidity of laboratory should be 65 ± 5%.
◦ Prepare a paste of weighed quantity of cement (300gms) with weighed
quantity of potable or distilled water, taking care that the time of gauging is
not less than 3minutes nor more than 5minutes and the gauging is
completed before any sign of setting occurs.
◦ The gauging is counted from the time of adding water to the dry cement until
commencing to fill the mould.
◦ Fill the vicat mould with this paste resting upon a non-porous plate.
◦ Smoothen the surface of the paste, making it level with the top of the mould.

17. ◦ Slightly shake the mould to expel the air.
◦ In filling the mould operators hands and the blade of the gauging trowel shall
only be used.
◦ Immediately place the test block with the non-porous resting plate, under the
rod bearing the plunger.
◦ Lower the plunger gently to touch the surface of the test block and quickly
release, allowing it sink into the paste.
◦ Record the depth of penetration
◦ Prepare trial pastes with varying percentages of water and test as described
above until the plunger is 5mm to 7mm from the bottom of the vicat mould.

18. Observation

19. Precaution
Care shall be taken to maintain the specified temperature, humidity and the
time of mixing so as to avoid setting of cement paste.

21. Practical 3
SETTING TIME TEST
OBJECTIVE:
To Determine Initial Setting Time and Final Setting Time of
a given sample of cement

22. “Initial setting time” is the time from the instant at which
water is added to the cement until the paste ceases to be
fluid and plastic which corresponds to the time at which
the Vicat’s initial set needle penetrate to a point 5 mm
from the bottom of a special mould.
“Final setting time” the time required for the paste to
acquire certain degree of hardness. This corresponds to
the time at which the Viact’s final set needle makes an
impression on the paste surface but the cutting edge fails
to do so.26

23. Observation and Calculation:
Weight of cement = …………gm
Time at
which
water is
added (T1)
Time at
which
penetration
reading
taken (T2)
Penetration
from
bottom of
the mould
in mm
Elapsed
time = T2 –
T1
minutes
Penetration
in mm
Initial
setting time
(min)

24. Vicat Needle

25. Practical 4
WATER ABSORPTION AND DENSITY
OBJECTIVE:
To Determine the Water Absorption Capacity and Density of
Brick

26. Apparatus:
1. Water trough (container) 2. Weighing machine 3.Oven
4. Measuring Tape
5. Thermometer
Material requirements:
Brick Sample

27. Procedure:
Take a sample of brick, clean with brush to remove dust.
Take dimensions of brick.
Take the dry wt. of brick after placing it in oven for some time.
Place the sample in water at temperature of 27 ± 2º C for 24 hours.
Remove the brick after 24 hours and wipe out any traces of water with a damp cloth.
Wt. the brick specimen.
Complete the weighing within three minutes after the specimen has been removed from the
water.

28. SN Wt. of dry brick
(W1)
Wt. of wet brick
(W2)
Water
absorption
Water
absorption in
%
1
2
3
4
5
6
Observation and Calculation:

29. Observation and Calculation:
SN Brick Type Lengt
h
Breadt
h
Height Volume Mass Density Remarks
1
2
3
4
5
6

30. Standard value:
Water absorption should be < 12% for 1st class bricks
12-15% for 2nd class bricks
15-20% for 3rd class bricks

31. Practical 5
compressive strength of a given brick sample
Objective:
To determine the compressive strength of a given brick sample.

32. Requirements:
Apparatus:
1. Water bath 2. Compressive test machine
Material requirements:
1. Brick Samples (6 nos.)
2. 1:1 mortar by weight

33. Procedure:
A. Preconditioning of Samples:
Take sample of bricks. Remove unevenness observed in the bed faces to provide two
smooth and parallel faces by grinding.
Take the dimension of brick
Put this sample in clean water till the stopping of air bubble ( for 24 hours for very dry
brick)
Prepare the 1:1 mortar by wt. of cement and sand with 40% of water ( 1 cement, 1
clean coarse sand of grade, 3mm and down). Fill the frog of the brick with mortar.
Store under the damp Jute bags for 24 hours followed by immersion in clean water for
3 days.
Remove and wipe out any traces of moisture.

34. B. Testing of Samples:
Place the specimen with flat faces horizontal and mortar filled face facing
upwards between two 3 plywood sheet of 3mm thickness and carefully centered
between plates of the testing machine.
Apply load axially at a uniform rate of 14 N/mm2 (140 kg/cm2) per minute till
failure occurs and note the maximum load at failure.
The load at failure shall be the maximum load at which the specimen fails to
produce any further increase in the indicator reading on the testing machine.
(Note: In place of plywood sheets plaster of pairs may be used to ensure a
uniform surface for application of load.)

35. Observation and Calculation:
SN Brick
Type
Lengt
h
Breadt
h
Heigh
t
Volum
e
Loade
d area
of
brick
Maximu
m load
from
machine
Compressi
ve
strength
Remarks
1
2
3
4
5
6

36. Practical 6
TOUGHNESS OF MATERIAL
OBJECTIVE:
To determine the Toughness of the given material sample

37. Requirements:
Apparatus:
1. Impact Testing machine
Material requirements:
1. Steel test specimen 2. Wood test specimen

38. Procedure:
1. Take the sample and clean the sample.
2. Put the sample squarely against the supports with the plane of symmetry of
the notch within 0.5 mm of the plane midway between them.
3. The sample piece is struck by the hammer in the plane of symmetry of the
notch and on the side opposite the notch.
4. The temperature of the specimen shall be taken 27 ± 2º C.
5. Measure the energy absorbed per unit volume during the fracture of the
material.
6. If during the test, specimen is not completely broken, the impact value
obtained is indefinite.

39. Observation and Calculation:
SN Specimen materials Energy absorbed (J) Remarks
Observation and Calculation: