Vertical integration is referred to as the degree to which a firm is integrated with its upstream suppliers
and downstream distributors in an industry.
http://www.researchomatic.com/Vertical-Integration-Process-38425.html
In today’s business world company has in place a strategic plan.
The strategic plan is formalized road map that defines how the organization implements the selected strategy.
A plan spells out where an organization is going over the next year or more and how it’s going to get there.
Having and working with the right strategic tools can give a clear picture of the opportunities available and dangers to prepare for.
When pursuing a vertical integration strategy, a firm gets involved in new portions of the value chain. This approach can be very attractive when a firm’s suppliers or buyers have too much power over the firm and are becoming increasingly profitable at the firm’s expense.
When pursuing a vertical integration strategy, a firm gets involved in new portions of the value chain. This approach can be very attractive when a firm’s suppliers or buyers have too much power over the firm and are becoming increasingly profitable at the firm’s expense.
In today’s business world company has in place a strategic plan.
The strategic plan is formalized road map that defines how the organization implements the selected strategy.
A plan spells out where an organization is going over the next year or more and how it’s going to get there.
Having and working with the right strategic tools can give a clear picture of the opportunities available and dangers to prepare for.
When pursuing a vertical integration strategy, a firm gets involved in new portions of the value chain. This approach can be very attractive when a firm’s suppliers or buyers have too much power over the firm and are becoming increasingly profitable at the firm’s expense.
When pursuing a vertical integration strategy, a firm gets involved in new portions of the value chain. This approach can be very attractive when a firm’s suppliers or buyers have too much power over the firm and are becoming increasingly profitable at the firm’s expense.
The slide is prepared for Economics of Strategy class in Prasetiya Mulya Business School. In week 4, we discuss about vertical boundaries of the firm which define which activities in the vertical chain a firm should perform itself and which it should purchase from independent firms in the market. This concept is important for firms to formulate strategy.
A vertical marketing system (VMS) is one in which the main members of a distribution channel - producer, wholesaler, and retailer work together as a unified group in order to meet consumer needs.
Horizontal Marketing System is a merger of firms on the same level in order to pursue marketing opportunities.
By working together, companies can combine their capital, production capabilities, or marketing resources to accomplish more than any one company could alone.
The slide is prepared for Economics of Strategy class in Prasetiya Mulya Business School. In week 3, we discuss about horizontal boundaries of the firm which define how much of the total product market the firm serves (scale) and what variety of related products the firm offers (scope). This concept is important for firms to formulate strategy.
Understanding How Value is Created Within Organizations.
Creating value is a matter of fundamental importance to companies, because it addresses the economic logic of why the organization exists in the first place.
The concept of value chains was developed by Michael E. Porter as early as 1979.
A value chain is a set of activities that an organization carries out to create value for its customers
The way in which value chain activities are performed determines costs and effects on profits
Porter proposed a general-purpose value chain that companies can use to examine all of their activities, and see how they're connected.
The idea of the value chain is based on the process view of organizations.
How value chain activities are carried out determines costs and affects profits.
These activities can be classified generally as either primary or support activities that all businesses must undertake in some form.
When pursuing a vertical integration strategy, a firm gets involved in new portions of the value chain. This approach can be very attractive when a firm’s suppliers or buyers have too much power over the firm and are becoming increasingly profitable at the firm’s expense.
The slide is prepared for Economics of Strategy class in Prasetiya Mulya Business School. In week 4, we discuss about vertical boundaries of the firm which define which activities in the vertical chain a firm should perform itself and which it should purchase from independent firms in the market. This concept is important for firms to formulate strategy.
A vertical marketing system (VMS) is one in which the main members of a distribution channel - producer, wholesaler, and retailer work together as a unified group in order to meet consumer needs.
Horizontal Marketing System is a merger of firms on the same level in order to pursue marketing opportunities.
By working together, companies can combine their capital, production capabilities, or marketing resources to accomplish more than any one company could alone.
The slide is prepared for Economics of Strategy class in Prasetiya Mulya Business School. In week 3, we discuss about horizontal boundaries of the firm which define how much of the total product market the firm serves (scale) and what variety of related products the firm offers (scope). This concept is important for firms to formulate strategy.
Understanding How Value is Created Within Organizations.
Creating value is a matter of fundamental importance to companies, because it addresses the economic logic of why the organization exists in the first place.
The concept of value chains was developed by Michael E. Porter as early as 1979.
A value chain is a set of activities that an organization carries out to create value for its customers
The way in which value chain activities are performed determines costs and effects on profits
Porter proposed a general-purpose value chain that companies can use to examine all of their activities, and see how they're connected.
The idea of the value chain is based on the process view of organizations.
How value chain activities are carried out determines costs and affects profits.
These activities can be classified generally as either primary or support activities that all businesses must undertake in some form.
When pursuing a vertical integration strategy, a firm gets involved in new portions of the value chain. This approach can be very attractive when a firm’s suppliers or buyers have too much power over the firm and are becoming increasingly profitable at the firm’s expense.
This presentation is on Bisleri Packaged Drinking Water and covers the following topics-
History & Evolution of Bisleri
Positioning And Re-positioning
Marketing Strategies Adopted
Competitors-Generic & Others
Methods Adopted to tackle Competition
Hypotheses and their justification
Market Research Analysis
Net Take Away
Strategic management » strategic outsourcing
https://youtu.be/8x5ADQ89nYc
Special discount for sileshare viewers
https://niraj7005.wooplr.com/search?q=Anarkali
Men & women product
Open below link
https://niraj7005.wooplr.com
For tour
https://www.facebook.com/DestinigoWorld/
Most sourcing organizations focus on direct procurement, potentially overlooking indirect procurement and missing key opportunities to reduce spend. As indirect purchases increasingly become a larger percentage of overall spend, for many organizations, indirect procurement can be a diamond in the rough. This article makes the arguement that the value of indirect procurement should not be overlooked.
Question 3 Are the Company’s Prices and Costs CompetitiveOne o.docxsimonlbentley59018
Question 3: Are the Company’s Prices and Costs Competitive?
One of the most telling signs of whether a company’s business position is strong or precarious is whether its prices and costs are competitive with industry rivals.
Price-cost comparisons are especially critical in a commodity-product industry where the value provided to buyers is the same from seller to seller, price competition is typically the ruling force and lower-cost companies have the upper hand.
Two analytical tools are particularly useful in determining whether a company’s prices and costs are competitive and thus conducive to winning in the marketplace:
value chain analysis and benchmarking.
Core Concept
The higher a company’s costs are above those of close rivals, the more competitively vulnerable it becomes.
The Concept of a Company’s Value Chain
The value chain consists of two broad categories of activities:
a.
Primary activities: foremost in creating value for customers
b.
Support activities: facilitate and enhance the performance of primary activities
Figure 4.3, A Representative Company Value Chain, depicts the linked set of value creating activities.
Core Concept
A company’s
value chain identifies the primary activities that create customer value and the related support activities.
Why the Value Chains of Rival Companies Often Differ
A company’s value chain and the manner in which it performs each activity reflect the evolution of its own particular business and internal operations, its strategy, the approaches it is using to execute its strategy, and the underlying economics of the activities themselves.
Because these factors differ from company to company, the value chain of rival companies sometimes differs substantially – a condition that complicates the task of assessing rivals’ relative cost positions.
The Value Chain System for an Entire Industry
Accurately assessing a company’s competitiveness in end-use markets requires that company managers understand the entire value chain system for delivering a product or service to end-users, not just the company’s own value chain.
Core Concept
A company’s cost competitiveness depends not only on the costs of internally performed activities (its own value chain) but also on costs in the value chain of its suppliers and forward channel allies.
Suppliers’ value chains are relevant because suppliers perform activities and incur costs in creating and delivering the purchased inputs used in a company’s own value chain.
Forward channel and customer value chains are relevant because:
3.
a. The costs and margins of a company’s distribution allies are part of the price the end user pays
b. The activities that distribution allies perform affect the end user’s satisfaction
Figure 4.4, A Representative Value Chain for an Entire Industry, explores a value chain for an entire industry.
Activity-Based Costing: A To.
Supply Chain Efficiency vs. EffectivenessHandshake
What's the difference between supply chain efficiency and effectiveness? Find out how businesses build supply chains that are both efficient and effective.
The other definition simply states that an entrepreneur is someone who works for himself or herself.
http://www.researchomatic.com/Entrepreneurship-139143.html
The least risky strategy of the above is the market penetration, since it makes use of the firms existing
capabilities and resources.
http://www.researchomatic.com/Ansoff-Matrix-93098.html
TQM enables the company that strives to satisfy the needs of the customer through their products and services.
http://www.researchomatic.com/Total-Quality-Management-151622.html
There are majorly two issues that are faced when starting up any business: these are the legal structure and the rights of intellectual property of the business.
Reference: http://www.researchomatic.com/Legal-Structure-Of-Business-151187.html
A firm operating in an industry always tries to achieve competitive advantage over the rivals. The competitive advantage is achieved through the unique sets of activities that a firm does.
Like living beings, the products are mortal as well. Every product has a life, shorter or larger. Each of them passes through four stages of their life.
Source: http://www.researchomatic.com/product-life-cycle-7395.html
For any organization which needs to compete effectively in an industry needs to assess it’s current and
future standing in the environment. There are lots of tools to evaluate the situation of an organization
within an industry. One of the most famous tools deployed by almost all of the organization is called as
SWOT analysis. It helps in strategic planning of an organization by evaluating its internal and external
environment. The internal environmental factors included in SWOT analysis are Strength (S) and Weakness (W), whereas the external environmental factors are Opportunities (O) and Threats (T). The strategic analysis combining all these factors is called as SWOT analysis.
Source: http://www.researchomatic.com/swot-143913.html
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
2. Page 1
Description:
Vertical integration is referred to as the degree to which a firm is integrated with its upstream suppliers
and downstream distributors in an industry. Vertical integration is very important for an organization as
it has a great impact on business units’ strategy in relation to cost, differentiation and other strategic
issues. The expansion of the strategies upward is called as backward integration, while the downstream
is called as forward integration.
The vertical integration concept is just like the value chain. If a firm makes its product through a value
chain, it will have to integrate itself with the upward suppliers and downward distributors, i.e. vertical
integration. This can be seen from the figure given below.
3. Page 2
There are two main issues that need to be kept in mind, cost and control. A firm must assess the cost of
marketing a product between firms as compared to marketing it internally. The second aspect is the
control issue, which relates to the control of assets that impacts on barriers to entry.
The vertical integration has following advantages:
It reduces the transportation cost if there is common ownership in closer territories.
The supply chain coordination is improved.
There is a chance of differentiate more than before due to increased regulation of inputs.
Take share in upward and downward profits.
Raises the potential entrant barriers high.
There is control over the downward distribution channel.
Overall acquisition of core competencies.
With the number of advantages of vertical integration, there are few disadvantages as well. The
drawbacks of the vertical integration make this process unattractive to many businesses. The
examples include:
Capacity issues; with increased integration both upward and downward, the firm has to
create more space so that’s its running processes are not affected.
The firm efficiency gets decreased because of lack of supplier competition, this increases the
cost.
Since previously, the firm was not integrated and there was a chance of flexibility in the
arrangements with suppliers and distributors but with vertical integration there is no room
for flexibility.
There is less opportunity to make new products as the space is not available plus it will
affect the whole integrated network.
There is an additional cost of bureaucracy.
Although vertical integration is the best way a business can earn profits, yet there is high cost issue
attached to it that is a problem for many organizations. There are few alternatives for such
organizations for making long term explicit contracts with suppliers and distributors, making joint
ventures, franchising agreements etc.
Reference: http://www.researchomatic.com/Vertical-Integration-Process-38425.html