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Verbal Noun Phrase and relationals.pptx
- 1. MODERN ENGLISH GRAMMAR ANDUSAGE Verbal, Noun Phrase and Adjunct Phrase Dr. Abha Pandey Ppt prepared for pre Ph.D Course 2014-15
- 2. VERBAL 🞆Like Subject, objectand complement, verbal is a Functional element 🞆Verbal includes- Main verb, may also have modal/ auxillary verbs 🞆Auxillary verbs function as operator. In sentence initial position- sentence is changed to a yes/no question.
- 3. MAIN VERB, MODALS 🞆Verbal (play) Verbal( can speak) 🞆 🞆 🞆 Main Verb Auxiliary Main Verb 🞆 🞆 play can speak 🞆 🞆 🞆 🞆 🞆
- 4. PERFECTIVE 🞆Perfective verbs alsofunction as auxillary 🞆 Verbal (have bought) 🞆 🞆 Auxiliary Main Verb NP 🞆 🞆 🞆 Perfective 🞆 🞆 🞆 🞆 have -en buy abook
- 5. PASSIVE Verbal (is investigating) 🞆 🞆 🞆Auxiliary Main Verb 🞆 🞆 🞆 🞆 Progressive 🞆 🞆 🞆 🞆 be -ing investigate 🞆
- 6. VERBAL 🞆Might have beenbeing interviewed 🞆Verbal 🞆Tense modal perfective progressive passive Main Verb 🞆Past may have -en be -ing be –en interviewed
- 7. VERB PHRASES 1. snored 2.met teacher 3. gave her a book 4. make him the chairman 5. found the book very interesting 6. put the book on the table 7. become a doctor 8. is very clever 9. is in Madras
- 8. PHRASE STRUCTUTRE RULE 🞆VP Aux-V 🞆 VP Aux-V-NP 🞆 VP Aux-V-NP-NP 🞆 VP Aux-V-NP-Adj V 🞆 VP Aux-V-NP-PP 🞆 VP Aux-V-Adj P 🞆 VP Aux-V-PP
- 9. VERBAL: HOW ISTENSE REALIZED? 🞆Verbal ⚫ Auxillary Main Verb ⚫Tense Modal Perfective Progressive Passive ⚫Every finite verbal will have an auxillary node and a main verb node. Every auxillary node will have a tense node. It may have other nodes but tense will always be the first node.
- 10. BE HAVE ANDDO : PRIMARY VERBS 🞆 Be and have can be used as main verbs. ⚫ She is my daughter 🞆 Have has a stative meaning- possession and relationship and a dynamic meaning – experience 🞆 a). He has a car. Has he a car? 🞆 ‘have’ functions as an operator. ⚫ b). He had tea with biscuits. Did he have….? 🞆 ‘have’ does not function as an operator. 🞆 It needs a do support or do insertion. 🞆 All other main verbs also require do as an empty or dummy operator 🞆 Do can also function as as main verb ⚫ She has done the assignment
- 11. THE NOUN PHRASE:FUNCTIONS AND FORM 🞆Noun phrase is a formal label, like verbal, adjective and adverb phrase. 🞆Functional labels: subject, object (direct/indirect) subject complement, object complement and adjunct depending on its function in a sentence. 🞆Form: Noun phrase is a group of words with a noun as a head, with and without any words before of after the head. A noun phrase must have a noun and may or may not have pre/post modifiers
- 12. NOUN PHRASE 🞆 Apersonal pronoun (he), A demonstrator (that), or a wh word( what) may constitute a noun phrase by itself. 🞆 Exception: The rich, The poor, infinitives-To believe is to see, That clause also work as noun phrases- as subject. 🞆 Noun phrase is a constitute, its constituents are: 🞆 Head word alone, 🞆 Premodifier + headword 🞆 Headword + post modifier, 🞆 Pre modifier + headword + postmodifier
- 13. NOUN PHRASE: PREMODIFIER +HEADWORD 🞆Noun Phrase Noun Phrase Determiner+ noun Ordinal + noun A/an/the boy Next/last/first/ boy Adj phrase + noun quantifier +noun a few students Intensifier + adj + noun Very beautiful + girl classifier+ noun commerce/arts students
- 14. DIAGRAMMATIC REPRESENTATION OFA NOUN PHRASE- PRE MODIFIERS 🞆NP Predeterminer determiner ordinal quantifier 🞆Adj phrase classifier Noun 🞆Intensifier adjective
- 15. RELATIVE CLAUSE ANDOTHER POSTMODIFIERS 🞆N P 🞆(premodifier) Noun (postmodifier) 🞆Relative clause: restrictive or non restrictive ⚫Who, which, that clauses 🞆Other post modifiers: ⚫Prepositional phrases ⚫Adverb phrases ⚫Adjectives
- 16. NOUN PHRASE: POSTMODIFIER 🞆Noun + relative clause 🞆This is the house where I was born. ⚫Noun+ Prepositional phrases ⚫Noun +Adverb phrases ⚫Noun +Adjectives
- 17. PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE 🞆In theroom 🞆Near the river 🞆For her 🞆From behind the door 🞆PP-------P- NP 🞆 PP
- 18. ADJECTIVE PHRASE 🞆Adjective: honest 🞆Intensifier-Adjective : very honest 🞆Adjective – Prepositional phrase: fond of her 🞆Adv phrase – adjective : dangerously active 🞆Adj P-------Degree Adj 🞆 Adv P -ADJ 🞆 Ravi is a fan of Manisha Koirala
- 19. 🞆Ravi is afan of Manisha Koirala 🞆S----- 🞆NP VP 🞆 Aux V NP 🞆 Tense Det N PP 🞆 P NP 🞆Ravi pres be a fan of Manisha K
- 20. 🞆The participants metthe teacher near the library 🞆S------NP-VP 🞆NP---------Det- N 🞆VP-------------Aux- V-NP- PP 🞆Aux---------Tense 🞆NP-------Det- N 🞆PP-----------P- NP
- 21. NP Det ord quantN Shakepeare’s first five plays
- 22. NP Det Ord quantClass N His first two Ph.D students
- 23.