VENTRICULAR ARYTHMIAS.ppt
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Ventricular arrhythmias occur when the heart's impulse originates in the ventricles rather than the normal top-down depolarization, greatly reducing efficiency. There are five types of ventricular dysrhythmias, including premature ventricular contractions (PVCs), ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, idioventricular rhythm, and asystole. PVCs originate from an irritable ventricular focus, producing an ectopic beat with a wide QRS complex but no preceding P wave and usually opposite the T wave, followed by a compensatory pause as the sinus node skips its next beat.
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Arrhythmias copy.pptxyyyy677777777777777777
The lecture objectives are to describe various cardiac arrhythmias including their pathophysiological causes, mechanisms of cardiac block, origins of ectopic foci, common arrhythmias and related ECG changes. The document then discusses the normal cardiac conduction system and provides detailed explanations of sinus rhythm, heart rate calculation, abnormal rhythms involving conduction blocks, premature contractions from different locations, ventricular fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter and multifocal atrial tachycardia. Potential causes and treatments of different arrhythmias are also outlined.
Cardiac Arrhythmias
This document discusses different types of arrhythmia including normotopic arrhythmia like sinus arrhythmia, sinus tachycardia, and sinus bradycardia. It also discusses ectopic arrhythmia which occurs when structures other than the SA node act as the pacemaker, leading to conditions like heart block, extrasystole, paroxysmal tachycardia, atrial flutter, atrial fibrillation, and ventricular fibrillation. Abnormal pacemakers can also develop from the AV node, atrial musculature, or ventricular musculature. Current of injury affects the ECG pattern through axis deviation when parts of the ventricle are affected.
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM.pptx
The document provides an overview of the cardiovascular system, including:
- The heart pumps blood through a closed system of blood vessels to deliver oxygen and nutrients throughout the body.
- The heart has four chambers, valves to ensure one-way blood flow, and a conduction system to regulate beating.
- Blood circulation involves the pumping of blood from the heart through arteries, smaller vessels, capillaries where gas exchange occurs, then veins back to the heart.
- The cardiac cycle and regulation of heart rate maintain adequate blood flow through changing pressures and electrical signals.
Shadechapter09.ppt [read only]
Atrial dysrhythmias originate outside the SA node and are caused by three mechanisms: increased automaticity, triggered activity, and reentry. Key characteristics include abnormal P waves and P-R intervals with normal QRS complexes. Wandering atrial pacemaker produces changing P waves as the pacemaker site shifts. Premature atrial complexes originate outside the SA node and cause rhythm irregularity with different P wave morphologies. Atrial tachycardia and multifocal atrial tachycardia involve rapid atrial rates while supraventricular tachycardia cannot identify a specific origin. Atrial flutter shows sawtooth waves at 250-350 bpm and atrial fibrillation is chaotic firing with no P waves
6- Cardiac Arrhythmias .pdf is a disease
Cardiac arrhythmias can be caused by disturbances in impulse formation or conduction. Normal sinus rhythm has a regular rhythm with each P wave followed by a QRS complex. Arrhythmias can be classified based on rate (brady vs tachy), origin (supraventricular vs ventricular), and QRS width. Mechanisms include enhanced automaticity, triggered activity, and reentry. Common arrhythmias include extrasystoles, sinus tachycardia/bradycardia, atrial fibrillation/flutter, heart block, and ventricular fibrillation. Accurate EKG interpretation is important for diagnosis.
If you feel irregular heart beats, this is what it could mean
Arrhythmia is a disorder of the heart pulse or heart rhythm such as beating too fast (tachycardia) or beating too slow (bradycardia), or irregular heartbeat. Premature or extra beats are the most common type of arrhythmia. This usually feels like a fluttering in the chest or a feeling of a skipped heartbeat.
shadechapter09-150421103043-conversion-gate02.pdf
Atrial dysrhythmias originate outside the SA node and are caused by three mechanisms. Key characteristics include abnormal P waves and P-R intervals with normal QRS complexes. Wandering atrial pacemaker causes shifting P wave morphology. Premature atrial complexes produce irregularity with differently shaped P waves preceding QRS. Atrial tachycardia arises from the atria at 150-250 bpm, overriding the SA node. Atrial flutter has a saw-tooth appearance at 250-350 bpm. Atrial fibrillation is chaotic firing with fibrillatory waves but no P waves.
Shadechapter11.ppt [read only]
This document defines and describes various types of ventricular dysrhythmias. It notes that ventricular dysrhythmias occur when the atria, AV junction, or both cannot initiate an electrical impulse or there is enhanced excitability of the ventricular myocardium. Key features include wide, bizarre QRS complexes with T waves in the opposite direction of R waves and no P waves. Specific dysrhythmias covered include premature ventricular contractions, ventricular escape rhythms, ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, asystole, idioventricular rhythm, and pulseless electrical activity. Characteristics and identifying features of each dysrhythmia are provided.
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Arrhythmias copy.pptxyyyy677777777777777777
The lecture objectives are to describe various cardiac arrhythmias including their pathophysiological causes, mechanisms of cardiac block, origins of ectopic foci, common arrhythmias and related ECG changes. The document then discusses the normal cardiac conduction system and provides detailed explanations of sinus rhythm, heart rate calculation, abnormal rhythms involving conduction blocks, premature contractions from different locations, ventricular fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter and multifocal atrial tachycardia. Potential causes and treatments of different arrhythmias are also outlined.
Cardiac Arrhythmias
This document discusses different types of arrhythmia including normotopic arrhythmia like sinus arrhythmia, sinus tachycardia, and sinus bradycardia. It also discusses ectopic arrhythmia which occurs when structures other than the SA node act as the pacemaker, leading to conditions like heart block, extrasystole, paroxysmal tachycardia, atrial flutter, atrial fibrillation, and ventricular fibrillation. Abnormal pacemakers can also develop from the AV node, atrial musculature, or ventricular musculature. Current of injury affects the ECG pattern through axis deviation when parts of the ventricle are affected.
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM.pptx
The document provides an overview of the cardiovascular system, including:
- The heart pumps blood through a closed system of blood vessels to deliver oxygen and nutrients throughout the body.
- The heart has four chambers, valves to ensure one-way blood flow, and a conduction system to regulate beating.
- Blood circulation involves the pumping of blood from the heart through arteries, smaller vessels, capillaries where gas exchange occurs, then veins back to the heart.
- The cardiac cycle and regulation of heart rate maintain adequate blood flow through changing pressures and electrical signals.
Shadechapter09.ppt [read only]
Atrial dysrhythmias originate outside the SA node and are caused by three mechanisms: increased automaticity, triggered activity, and reentry. Key characteristics include abnormal P waves and P-R intervals with normal QRS complexes. Wandering atrial pacemaker produces changing P waves as the pacemaker site shifts. Premature atrial complexes originate outside the SA node and cause rhythm irregularity with different P wave morphologies. Atrial tachycardia and multifocal atrial tachycardia involve rapid atrial rates while supraventricular tachycardia cannot identify a specific origin. Atrial flutter shows sawtooth waves at 250-350 bpm and atrial fibrillation is chaotic firing with no P waves
6- Cardiac Arrhythmias .pdf is a disease
Cardiac arrhythmias can be caused by disturbances in impulse formation or conduction. Normal sinus rhythm has a regular rhythm with each P wave followed by a QRS complex. Arrhythmias can be classified based on rate (brady vs tachy), origin (supraventricular vs ventricular), and QRS width. Mechanisms include enhanced automaticity, triggered activity, and reentry. Common arrhythmias include extrasystoles, sinus tachycardia/bradycardia, atrial fibrillation/flutter, heart block, and ventricular fibrillation. Accurate EKG interpretation is important for diagnosis.
If you feel irregular heart beats, this is what it could mean
Arrhythmia is a disorder of the heart pulse or heart rhythm such as beating too fast (tachycardia) or beating too slow (bradycardia), or irregular heartbeat. Premature or extra beats are the most common type of arrhythmia. This usually feels like a fluttering in the chest or a feeling of a skipped heartbeat.
shadechapter09-150421103043-conversion-gate02.pdf
Atrial dysrhythmias originate outside the SA node and are caused by three mechanisms. Key characteristics include abnormal P waves and P-R intervals with normal QRS complexes. Wandering atrial pacemaker causes shifting P wave morphology. Premature atrial complexes produce irregularity with differently shaped P waves preceding QRS. Atrial tachycardia arises from the atria at 150-250 bpm, overriding the SA node. Atrial flutter has a saw-tooth appearance at 250-350 bpm. Atrial fibrillation is chaotic firing with fibrillatory waves but no P waves.
Shadechapter11.ppt [read only]
This document defines and describes various types of ventricular dysrhythmias. It notes that ventricular dysrhythmias occur when the atria, AV junction, or both cannot initiate an electrical impulse or there is enhanced excitability of the ventricular myocardium. Key features include wide, bizarre QRS complexes with T waves in the opposite direction of R waves and no P waves. Specific dysrhythmias covered include premature ventricular contractions, ventricular escape rhythms, ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, asystole, idioventricular rhythm, and pulseless electrical activity. Characteristics and identifying features of each dysrhythmia are provided.
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Cardiac failure occurs when the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. It can be due to low cardiac output or congestion within the heart or vessels. Therapy aims to reduce preload and afterload on the heart, increase contractility, control arrhythmias, and treat the underlying cause. Positive inotropes like digoxin increase contractility but do not cure the disease and can cause toxic side effects at high levels. Diuretics, ACE inhibitors, beta blockers, and other drugs target compensatory mechanisms and remodeling processes to improve cardiac function.
Cardiac anatomy and physiology
The document provides an overview of cardiac anatomy and physiology. It discusses the functions of the heart including generating blood pressure, routing blood flow, and regulating blood supply. It describes the size, form, location, and external and internal anatomy of the heart including the atria, ventricles, valves, and blood flow route. It also summarizes the histology, electrical activity including action potentials and conduction system, cardiac cycle, and regulation of heart function.
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The document discusses various types of cardiac arrhythmias including their definitions, causes, clinical manifestations and management. It describes normal sinus rhythm and defines arrhythmias as any change from the normal heart rhythm. Common arrhythmias discussed include sinus tachycardia, sinus bradycardia, premature atrial complexes, premature ventricular complexes, atrial flutter, atrial fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia. It provides EKG images to demonstrate the different arrhythmias and compares characteristics of supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias. Causes, clinical significance and treatment approaches for different arrhythmias are also summarized.
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1. Heart valve disease occurs when the heart valves do not function properly, either becoming narrowed (stenosis) or allowing backward leakage (regurgitation).
2. The four heart valves (mitral, aortic, tricuspid, pulmonary) ensure one-way blood flow through the heart and prevent backflow.
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2. Obstructions, regurgitation, and shunted blood flow due to valve problems or defects, overworking the heart.
3. Electrical conduction disorders causing arrhythmias that prevent effective pumping.
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This document provides an overview of electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) basics including:
- The 12 leads of a standard ECG and what each views of the heart
- Components of the ECG tracing including the P, Q, R, S, and T waves
- Methods for calculating heart rate from the ECG
- Identification and classification of common cardiac rhythms, arrhythmias, conduction abnormalities, chamber enlargements, and other ECG findings
- Interpretation of ECG findings in the context of underlying cardiac conditions, structures, or pathologies
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The document provides an overview of heart anatomy and diseases. It includes:
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2) Descriptions of common heart diseases and disorders such as endocarditis, cardiomyopathy, congenital heart defects, and coronary artery disease.
3) Explanations of four main functions of the heart: generating blood pressure, routing blood flow, ensuring one-way blood flow with valves, and regulating blood supply to match metabolic needs.
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ECG play a vital role in healthcare industry. Analyzing a ECG is an hectic procedure hence this slide provide simple view about an ECG analysis on normal sinus rhythm and atrial arrhythmiasThe importance of ECG in the healthcare industry cannot be overstated. It is a crucial diagnostic tool that helps doctors and other medical professionals to accurately assess a patient's cardiac health. However, analyzing an ECG can be a complicated and time-consuming process, which is why this slide has been created to provide a simplified overview of ECG analysis for normal sinus rhythm and atrial arrhythmias. With this information, healthcare providers can quickly and easily interpret ECG results and make informed decisions about patient care.The importance of ECG in the healthcare industry cannot be overstated. It is a crucial diagnostic tool that helps doctors and other medical professionals to accurately assess a patient's cardiac health. However, analyzing an ECG can be a complicated and time-consuming process, which is why this slide has been created to provide a simplified overview of ECG analysis for normal sinus rhythm and atrial arrhythmias. With this information, healthcare providers can quickly and easily interpret ECG results and make informed decisions about patient care.
Valvular Heart Disease
The document discusses various types of heart valve disorders including stenosis, regurgitation, and prolapse. It describes the causes, effects, symptoms, and treatments for different valve conditions affecting the mitral, aortic, tricuspid, and pulmonary valves. Surgical interventions for valve disorders include valvuloplasty procedures to repair valves as well as valve replacement using mechanical or biological prosthetics.
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The document describes the structure and function of the heart. It details the pathways that oxygenated and deoxygenated blood take as they circulate through the heart's four chambers and two atria. Key components include the superior and inferior vena cava, right and left atria and ventricles, tricuspid and mitral valves, pulmonary artery, and aorta. The document also briefly outlines several common heart disorders like arrhythmia, heart murmurs, hypertension, congenital defects, and heart failure.
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VENTRICULAR ARYTHMIAS.ppt
- 2. Ventricular Arrhythmias The heart normally depolarizes from the top down When the impulse originates in the ventricles, the process is reversed and the hearts’ efficiency is greatly reduced
- 3. Ventricular Arrhythmias Most serious heart arrhythmia The ventricles are the lowest site in the conduction system The heart has lost its effectiveness The heart is functioning on its last level of backup support
- 4. Ventricular Arrhythmias There are five Ventricular Dysrhythmias Premature Ventricular Contractions Ventricular Tachycardia Ventricular Fibrillation Idioventricular Rhythm Asystole
- 5. Premature Ventricular Contractions Not a rhythm, but rather an ectopic beat originating from an irritable ventricular focus A PVC will come earlier than expected in the cardiac cycle and will interrupt the regularity of the underlying rhythm
- 6. Premature Ventricular Contractions Because PVC’s originate in the ventricles, the QRS complex will be wider than normal There is no P wave preceding the QRS complex
- 7. Premature Ventricular Contractions The QRS complex is usually in the opposite direction of the T wave
- 8. Premature Ventricular Contractions Compensatory pause The extra action potential causes the SA node to become refractory to generating its next scheduled beat. Thus it must "skip a beat" and it will resume exactly 2 P to P intervals after the last normal sinus beat.
- 10. Premature Ventricular Contractions Unifocal PVC’s If a single focus in the ventricles has become irritable and is the source for the PVC’s, all the PVC’s will look the same