Research shows that corporal punishment of children is linked to negative long-term effects. Studies presented by Murray Straus found corporal punishment contributes to aggression, criminal behavior, spousal abuse, and child abuse. About 80% of adults abused as children met criteria for at least one psychological disorder. An estimated 905,000 children were victims of abuse or neglect in 2006 in the US, which can have lifelong negative consequences. Over 1,800 children die from abuse or neglect each year in the US, and about 30% of abused children will later abuse their own children.