Vasoplegic syndrome is a condition characterized by high cardiac output and low systemic vascular resistance that can occur following cardiothoracic surgery. It is caused by an inflammatory response during cardiopulmonary bypass that leads to adrenoreceptor desensitization and excessive nitric oxide production, causing widespread vasodilation. Risk factors include preoperative antihypertensive medication use, multiple comorbidities, warmer bypass temperatures, and longer bypass durations. Treatment typically involves catecholamines as first-line therapy, though non-catecholamine vasopressors may provide benefits like reduced cardiac toxicity and improved outcomes such as less kidney injury.