Van Gogh was a post-Impressionist painter known for his unique style and troubled mental state. He lived a life of poverty and failure until after his death. He produced over 1600 drawings and 750 paintings in only 10 years, including famous works like "The Starry Night" and "Sunflowers". Van Gogh struggled with mental illnesses like epilepsy and phycosis, and ultimately took his own life at age 37 by shooting himself. He has since become a major figure in Western culture and art history, though he did not find success until after his tragic early death.