Vaginal prolapse in dogs is characterized by a protruding tissue mass from the vulva, often occurring in non-spayed, reproductively functional females during heat or pregnancy. The condition can result from estrogen stimulation or vaginal hyperplasia and presents in three stages, with varying clinical symptoms and treatment options. Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, and while stage I may require minimal intervention, more advanced stages necessitate surgical treatment to prevent complications.

1. Welcome
Bhuwan Raj Bhatta
B.V.Sc & A.H 8th sem.
T.U, IAAS, Nepal
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2. Vaginal Prolapse in Dog
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3. Introduction
Vaginal prolapse refers to the large mass tissue,
which protrudes from the vulva.
Occur in almost all animals; cow, dog, sheep, goat.
Dogs are more prone occur in non-spayed dogs.
Occurs in all aged of groups of dogs,
which are reproductively functional.
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4. Canine vaginal prolapse usually occurs right before or during the dog's heat
cycle.
Occasionally, the prolapse continues throughout pregnancy or reoccurs at
parturition.
The prolapsed tissue promotes further straining which in turn increases the
amount of prolapsed tissue.
Normally the prolapse or hyperplasia resolves at the end of the season
when the ovarian production of oestrogen elapse.
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5. Causes:
Primary cause by oestrogen stimulation:
In case of oestrogen sensitivity (during a shorter period of time), there may be significant
swelling of the vaginal mucosa, such that it protrudes from the vulva appearing as a pink
"doughnut- shaped" or "teardrop shaped" mass.
Secondary by Vaginal hyperplasia:
In vaginal hyperplasia, a proliferation of the vaginal mucosa, usually originating from the
floor of the vagina anterior to the urethral orifice, occurs during pro-oestrus and oestrus
as a result of estrogenic stimulation.
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6. Genetic and Breed:
Labrador Retriever
English Bulldog
German Shepherd
Mastiff
Boxers
Springer Spaniels
Weimaraners
Saint Bernards
Walker Hounds and
Airedale Terriers
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Clinical Sign and Symptoms:
Urination problems (kidney stones, kidney failure)
Chronic constipation
Recent difficult labor
Interruption of mating process
Obstruction in ano-rectal route
Interrupting a pair of dogs while they are mating can contribute to vaginal
prolapse, if the male dog is forced to remove himself from the female before
mating is complete.

8. Types:
Three stages of mass protrusion
Stage 1:
Hyperplasia occurs when there is a slight protrusion, even though it does not exit the
vulva itself.
Stage2:
Hyperplasia, on the other hand, is when the vaginal tissue actually protrudes through
the vulvar opening.
Stage 3:
Hyperplasia refers to the donut-shaped mass, which can be seen externally.
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9. Symptoms of Mass Protrusion From the Vaginal Area in Dogs
Stage I:
Trouble with urination
Excessive licking in the genital area
Whining when urinating
Refusal to mate
Pain in genital area
Slight discharge
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10. Stage II:
Protrusion from genital area
Difficulty urinating
Scratching and licking in the genital area
Red and inflamed genital area
Refusing to mate
Pain in the genital area
Vaginal discharge
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11. Stage III:
Large, protruding mass in the genital area
Difficulty walking
Refusal to mate
Extreme pain in the genital area
Excessive scratching and licking the genital area
Inability to sit
Difficult urination
Vaginal discharge
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12. Diagnosis:
Upon physical examination, a round mass may be noticed protruding the
animal's vulvar area. A vaginal examination will be performed to determine the
severity and type of the condition. To the touch, the animal's tissue may feel
dry.
The timing of the problem (during pre-oestrus or oestrus), and the typical
appearance of the mass upon physical examination, will usually be sufficient for
diagnosis.
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13. Treatment:
There is usually no treatment necessary for stage I unless dog is having difficulty
urinating. Put an Elizabethan collar on dog to stop her from licking herself.
If dog has stage II vaginal prolapse, manually push the mass back into place. If the
protrusion does not stay in place, may decide to put a couple stitches in to keep it from
recurring. Antibiotics, hormone treatments.
Dog will have to be spayed right away to treat stage III vaginal prolapse to prevent
infection and self-mutilation of the vaginal area due to licking and itching.
Ovariohysterectomy, the treatment of choice, permanently corrects this condition by
removing the gonadal source of oestrogen, thus preventing recurrence.
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14. References:
High Street Epping Veterinary Clinic, Always have your pets' best interests at heart, Vaginal Prolapse/hyperplasia
www.highstreeteppingvetclinic.com/vaginal-prolapsehyperplasia.pml
Mushtaq A. Memon, (2016), MSD MANUAL, Veterinary Manual, Vaginal Hyperplasia in Small Animals (Vaginal Prolapse)
www.msdvetmanual.com/reproductive-system/reproductive-diseases-of-the-female-small-animal/vaginal-hyperplasia in-
small-animals
NHAH, (2014), Newport Harbor Animal Hospital, What is estrogen (canine)
www.newportharborvets.com/services/dogs/blog/what_is_canine_estrogen
VET AUTHORED,VET APPROVED, Mass Protrusion from the Vaginal Area in Dogs
www.petmd.com/dog/conditions/reproductive/c_multi_vaginal_hyperplasia_and_prolapse
Vetary, Mass Protrusion From the Vaginal Area in dog
www.vetary.com/dog/condition/mass-protrusion-from-the-vaginal-area
Vetary, Vaginal Prolapse in Dogs
www.vetary.com/dog/condition/vaginal-prolapse
Vet info, (2012), Vaginal Prolapse in Dogs
www.vetinfo.com/vaginal-prolapse-in-dogs.html
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15. THANK YOU
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