Vaccines & Health Hazards: Overview.
Authors:
Ballarlo, Beverly
Sprague, Nancy
Source:
Points of View: Vaccines & Health Hazards. 2017, p1-1. 1p.
Document Type:
Article
Subjects:
VACCINATION of children
VACCINES
SUDDEN infant death syndrome
VACCINATION complications
PREVENTIVE medicine
Geographic Terms:
UNITED StatesReport Available
Abstract:
The article examines the debate over the effectiveness and safety of vaccination. Despite efforts by U.S. health agencies, major medical associations and practicing clinicians to convince parents of keeping their children's immunizations up to date, some parents and critics continue to have doubts about the benefits of having children vaccinated. Causal links between certain vaccines and diseases, such as the diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis (DTP) vaccine and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), have been reported.
Lexile:
1570
Full Text Word Count:
2425
ISBN:
9781429817660
Accession Number:
23761083
Vaccines & Health Hazards: Overview
Full Text
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The mainstream American medical establishment has long contended that the public health benefits of vaccines--to prevent such diseases as diphtheria, tetanus (lockjaw) pertussis (whooping cough), polio, rubella, measles, mumps, hepatitis B, varicella (chickenpox), and influenza--heavily outweigh the relatively small risks associated with such preventive measures. Officials from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), most major medical associations, and the vast majority of practicing clinicians have invested significant energy in a campaign to convince parents to keep their children's immunizations up to date.
For a small but persistent number of parents and advocates, however, the wisdom of inoculating children against certain common childhood diseases remains suspect. According to these critics, vaccines may cause serious side effects or even prove fatal. Some believe that simultaneously giving a child multiple vaccinations for different diseases can overtax an immature immune system and produce lasting damage.
Opponents of mandatory vaccinations have suggested causal links between the DTP (diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis) vaccine and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), the MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella) vaccine and Crohn's disease, the hepatitis B vaccine and multiple sclerosis (MS), and between the pertussis (whooping cough) vaccine and brain damage.
The greatest controversy in the vaccine safety debate, however, has swirled around some parents' passionate conviction of a link between the MMR vaccine and autism. Based on the ...
Vaccination - Need to Address the Serious Concernsjagchat01
Vaccinations have become controversial. Attempts are being made to silence critics without transparently addressing the core issues, thus putting subjects at great risk.
Kelley King Heyworth, Vaccines The Reality Behind the Debate, P.docxDIPESH30
Kelley King Heyworth, "Vaccines: The Reality Behind the Debate," Parents, May 2010. Reprinted by permission.
"We have to move forward and be willing to accept what science tells us: Vaccines do not cause autism."
In the following viewpoint, Kelley King Heyworth reports that the medical community is overwhelmingly supportive of childhood vaccinations. Heyworth believes that despite a growing movement that insists on a causal connection between vaccinations and autism, evidence refutes this claim. As one doctor explains in Heyworth's viewpoint, there is more likely a coincidental link between immunization schedules and diagnoses of autism because the disease tends to arise when children are young—around the same ages that they are receiving vaccinations. Heyworth warns that refusing vaccination for fear of autism endangers the unvaccinated child and the whole community because formerly controlled diseases such as measles and whooping cough have reemerged in unvaccinated populations. Kelley King Heyworth is a writer who has written for Parents and Sports Illustrated magazines. She is married to a medical researcher.
As you read, consider the following questions:
1. As Heyworth writes, what mercury-containing preservative in vaccines did Andrew Wakefield argue might push infants' mercury exposure beyond safe limits?
2. According to the author, what happened to Wakefield's notorious publication in February 2010?
3. As Heyworth reports, why did the drug manufacturer Merck recall certain lots of the Hib vaccine distributed in 2007?
As Summer Estall approached her first birthday, her mom, Lisa, had more on her mind than party plans. Summer was about to receive not only cake, and presents, but also—surprise!—her fourth round of shots in ten months. "Her last vaccinations had been tough," says Estall, of Grand Forks, North Dakota. "She was her usual happy self after being examined by the doctor, but then we were called into a room where two nurses were both holding long needles. They told me to lay Summer on the table, pull her pants down, and pin down her arms. Of course, she started to scream, and it felt like I was preparing her for torture. By the time the nurses got the Band-Aids on, Summer seemed to be okay—but I was a wreck."
However, it wasn't just the painful pricks that worried Estall about her daughter's 12-month shots. "Everywhere I go, someone's talking about the danger of vaccines," she says. "There are moms posting about their kids' side effects on just about every online parenting forum. The other day I had coffee with two friends, and one of them said she wasn't vaccinating her kids. I can't help but wonder: Should I really be injecting a healthy child with these things?"
Medical Community Supports Vaccination
The answer from the vast majority of medical experts is a resounding "yes." The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommend that healthy children get vaccinated again ...
Ahmed Almousa
ECE211
Jennifer Marley
10/15/2018
Should Vaccination of Children be Mandatory?
Main Argument:
Nowadays vaccines can be termed as the most essential modern medical prevention
procedure that tends to save hundred millions of lives around the globe. They have also led to the
complete eradication of viral diseases. In various under develop countries due to improper
distribution of vaccinations a large number of children lose their lives. As a research done by Bill
and Melinda Gates reveals that “; one child dies every 20 seconds from vaccine preventable
diseases,” [1]. Hence vaccines should be mandatory because it is safe, cost effective, and do not
cause side effects for healthy people, but may cause side effects for people with health
conditions.
Though in various countries where effective vaccines are willingly available, some of the
parents reject to vaccinate their kids. For example, up to 5% of parents in the UK and 9% in the
United States refuse to allow their children to be vaccinated with the measles, mumps, and
rubella (MMR) vaccine. [1] Consequently, on the off chance that you take a gander at a few US
episodes of measles or mumps - which something like 90% of the populace has been inoculated
against since 2000 - the general population who become ill are normally the individuals who
have not been vaccinated. In any case, even a few people who have been inoculated have turned
out to be wiped out amid a flare-up [1]. Even some who received the vaccination got the
diseases. The 2014 measles outbreak in the United States, and the 2015 death of a German
Ahmed
Pencil
Ahmed
Pencil
toddler from measles during an outbreak in Europe. [3], have proved the importance of vaccines
and they should be mandatory to reduce these sort of viral diseases.
Sub-argument 1: Vaccines are safe and should be mandatory.
The United States' established a vaccine safety system that ensures the vaccines are safe. In
fact, now, the United States comprises the safest, and the most operative vaccine supply in
history. The monitoring of vaccines starts with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
The organization guarantees the effectiveness, safety, and accessibility of vaccines for the whole
country. Before a vaccine is approved by the FDA for use by the public it is also tested via
various approaches by scientists and doctors [2].
Sub-argument 2: Vaccines are also cost effective.
Moreover, Vaccines are also cost effective, they not only save lives of people, they save
money too. As it is more economical to prevent an ailment than to treat it. There are many
programs operating by the government to provide the public with childhood immunization as it
saves about 29.9 million dollars which are spent by people in treating these sort of diseases in a
whole year [3].
Sub-argument 3: Vaccinations caused an intense decline in the number of diseases caused by
viral .
Alhajji 1
Alhajji 6
JafarAlhajji
Professor:
English homework
May 1, 2019
Vaccines safety and effectiveness
Do you think vaccination is an important or just harmful substance forced by pharmaceutical companies cooperating with the governments to inject into people? A vaccine can be defined as "biological preparations that, when introduced into the body, cause an individual to acquire immunity to a specific disease” (Davidson. 7). So, for decades, vaccines have been considered one of the best revaluation in medical practice. A long time ago, people all around the world tried to fight with different kinds of fatal diseases by different ways, and one of the most Significant ways is to make a vaccine, to prevent such life-threatening diseases. The first vaccine was against the Smallpox disease. Smallpox is a highly contagious disease and caused a lot of fatalities all around the world, and it is transmitted between people by inhalation of droplets of virus or direct contact with smallpox lesion secretions (Davidson 25). It is a deadly disease, it caused blindness and permanent scars in the patients that survived. Finally, after several attempts to make a vaccine for Smallpox, Edward succeeded to produce an effective and safe vaccine in 1796 by using the cowpox vaccine to protect from smallpox. Cowpox is a disease caused by cows and transferred to a human, and Jenner's theory was based that whoever had cowpox will be immunized against smallpox (Davidson29).“Edward Jenner was an English country doctor who introduced the vaccine for smallpox. Previously a keen practitioner of smallpox inoculation.”
Then, century after century, the vaccine after the vaccine was developed for different kinds of diseases. In the 20th century, one of the most known vaccines was Diphtheria and Tetanus vaccines. Diphtheria is a respiratory illness, causing the release of exotoxin from Corynebacterium diphtheria bacteria which leads to the death of mucous cells in the throat, mouth, and nose, and as a result of cells accumulation the pseudo-membrane are build up and block the airways of the patients which causes death (Davidson42) After years of experiments and trials to make a vaccine to fight this disease, Gaston Ramona French veterinarian and biologist who realized that attenuated Diphtheria toxin is able to activate the immune system of people without causing serious side effects, and by 1927, the toxoid vaccine was freely used all around the world, and it succeeds to drop the number of cases of diphtheria. Then, by using the same way of toxoid, combined Diphtheria and Tetanus Toxoid vaccines were produced. Tetanus can be described as a nerves system infection that leads to spasm and contract of body muscles, especially jaw muscles which make the patients unable to open their mouths (Davidson. 44)
Another example of one of the most significant vaccine is a Polio vaccine. Polio disease, mainly affecting children under 5 years old, and leading to paralysis and often to .
alhajji1alhajji 2Jafar AlhajjiVaccines Safety and Effectiven.docxsimonlbentley59018
alhajji1
alhajji 2
Jafar Alhajji
Vaccines Safety and Effectiveness
Do you think vaccination is an important or just harmful substance forced by pharmaceutical companies cooperating with the governments to inject into people? Vaccine can be defined as “biological preparations that, when introduced into the body, cause an individual to acquire immunity to a specific disease” (Davidson. 7). So, for decades, vaccines have been considered one of the best revaluation in medical practice. A long time ago, people all around the world tried to fight with different kinds of fatal diseases by different ways, and one of the most Significant ways is to make a vaccine, to prevent such life- threatening diseases. The first vaccine was against the Smallpox disease. Smallpox is a highly contagious disease and caused a lot of fatalities all around the world, and it is transmitted between people by inhalation of droplets of virus or direct contact with smallpox lesion secretions (Davidson 25). It is a deadly disease, it caused blindness and permanent scars in the patients that survived. Finally, after several attempts to make a vaccine for Smallpox, Edward succeeded to produce an effective and safe vaccine in 1796 by using the cowpox vaccine to protect from smallpox. Cowpox is a disease cause by cows and transferred to human, and Jenner’s theory was based that whoever had cowpox will be immunized against smallpox (Davidson 29). “Edward Jenner was an English country doctor who introduced the vaccine for smallpox. Previously a keen practitioner of smallpox inoculation.”
Then, century after century, vaccine after vaccine was developed for different kinds of diseases. In the 20th century, one of the most known vaccines was Diphtheria and Tetanus vaccines. Diphtheria is a respiratory illness, causing the release of exotoxin from Corynebacterium diphtheriae bacteria which leads to death of mucus cells in the throat, mouth and nose, and as a result of cells accumulation the pseudo-membrane are build up and block the airways of the patients which causes death (Davidson 42) After years of experiments and trials to make a vaccine to fight this disease, Gaston Ramon a French veterinarian and biologist who realized that attenuated Diphtheria toxin is able to activate the immune system of people without causing serious side effects, and by 1927, the toxoid vaccine was freely used all around the world, and it succeeds to drop the number of cases of diphtheria. Then, by using the same way of toxoid, combined Diphtheria and Tetanus Toxoid vaccines were produced. Tetanus can be described as a nerves system infection that leads to spasm and contract of body muscles, especially jaw muscles which make the patients unable to open their mouths (Davidson. 44)
Another example of one of the most significant vaccine is a Polio vaccine. Polio disease, mainly affecting children under 5 years old, and leading to paralysis and often to death due to immobilization of respi.
Milestones Navigating Late Childhood to AdolescenceFrom the m.docxjessiehampson
Milestones: Navigating Late Childhood to Adolescence
From the movie, Lila, Eight to Thirteen in this week's materials, identify 2–3 developmental milestones Lila reaches, and assess whether or not you think she successfully navigates her way through them as she prepares for adolescence. Support your assertions with evidence from your text and this week's materials.
.
Migration and RefugeesMany immigrants in the region flee persecu.docxjessiehampson
Migration and Refugees
Many immigrants in the region flee persecution and then return after they are liberated. For example, 700,000 Jews were allowed to leave the former Soviet Union and enter Israel in the 1990s. There has also been a migration of Palestinian people. Discuss the following:
Why do you think that Israel is such an important place for the Jews?
What is the importance of the area to the Palestinians?
What do you think the impact would be on you and your families if you participated in such long-distance migration?
No references needed, need response within 3 hours!
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Min-2 pagesThe goal is to develop a professional document, take .docxjessiehampson
Min-2 pages
The goal is to develop a professional document, take a stake in your company (its a t-shirt and apparel company; see attached) as a business owner, and develop a business plan with the aim of securing financing to expand one’s business for an established firm.
Complete the following: (using the business plan working document)
10.0 Financials Plan
*Annotated plan has additional details if you have questions or need explanation
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Mingzhi Hu
First Paper
3/5/2020
POLS 203
Application of Realism Theory on Civil war in Syria and International Relations
International relation can be best understood through the various schools of thought or
rather theories. They are significant in giving a comprehensive detail of the constructs that make
international relations. Realism theory still remains one of the most influential tools in
understanding events related to international relations. This is because it provides a pragmatic
approach in examining current events in the sphere of international relations (Maghroori, pg. 17).
Realism is divided into three subdivisions, seeking to explain causes of state conflict. This
include classical realism that argues that the conflict comes from the nature of man, neorealist
which associates conflict the elements of the state, and neoclassical realism which associates it to
both human nature and elements of the state. This school of thought is grounded on some
fundamental principles that make the core of its arguments.
The first assumption in realism is the idea that a country, usually referred to as a state,
serves as the main actor in international relations. It acknowledges the fact that there are other
actors like individuals and organizations, which have limited influence (Maghroori 11).
Secondly, the state is considered a unitary player, which is expected to work harmoniously, with
regard to matters of national interest. In addition, realists believe that the people who make
decisions are rational players, since this rationality is required in pursuing the interest of the
nation. In essence, the leaders are believed to understand these assumptions regardless of their
Laci Hubbard-Mattix
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But selfish
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What do you mean by "work harmoniously"
Laci Hubbard-Mattix
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It is not clear what this sentence means.
political position, so ensure their sustainability and continuity. Consequently, it is assumed that
states exist in an anarchy context, where there is no single international leader. In this
theorization, the role of nature in influencing human action is not ignored. It asserts that nature
influence people to continue acting in repetitive tendencies. In this assumption, it comes out that
people desire power because of the egoistic nature. The innate selfishness of human beings,
mistrust and their thirst for power explains the unpredicted consequences that can result from
their actions (Maghroori 20). Such human tendencies can explain the unending wars among
nations. Bearing the fact that nations are governed by human beings, their nature contributes
largely to their behavioral tendencies, which in turn influence its security.
Realist therefore assume that leaders have the responsibility to promote the security of
their country in all fronts. This can be realized through consta.
Miller, 1 Sarah Miller Professor Kristen Johnson C.docxjessiehampson
Miller, 1
Sarah Miller
Professor Kristen Johnson
CHID 230
2 April 2019
The Myth of Disability as Isolating in Tim Burton’s Edward Scissorhands
Jay Timothy Dolmage discusses the common disability myths that condition our
understanding of disability in his work Disability Rhetoric. He argues that these myths create the
perception that disabled people are “others”, through the portrayal of them as lesser, surplus, or
improper (Dolmage, 31). One of the myths that Dolmage examines is disability as isolating or
individualizing, which is perpetrated through narratives of disabled people living in isolation,
rarely having romantic relationships or friendships, and often being left alone at the end
(Dolmage, 43). This myth can be seen in the film Edward Scissorhands, directed by Tim Burton.
Edward is a human being created by an inventor, yet the inventor’s death before his completion
leaves him with scissor blades for hands. Edward lives in a gothic mansion atop a hill,
completely in isolation until local Avon saleswoman Peg Boggs visits. She is initially frightened
by his appearance, yet decides to take him home with her upon the realization that he is
harmless. Edward’s disability causes his transition into society to be largely unsuccessful, as he
is objectified and used by other people for their benefit, and at the end of the film he is forced to
return to living in isolation after their perception of him turns to one of fear and scorn.
Edward’s isolation from society is symbolically portrayed through many film design
techniques. The mansion in which he lives at the beginning and the end of the film starkly
contrasts the community in which the able-bodied society lives. The mansion is gothic, dark, and
partially in ruins, whereas the rest of the houses are brightly colored in pinks, yellows, and
Miller, 2
greens, all with perfectly manicured green lawns. His appearance also separates him from the
rest of society, as he has very pale skin, dark under-eyes, black untamed hair, and wears gothic
industrial clothes. The able-bodied individuals often wear colorful or light clothes and appear
quite “ordinary”. The contrast created between Edward and society through set, clothing,
makeup, and hair design work to portray Edward and his disability as unusual, creepy, and
“other”. Peg even attempts to “normalize” his appearance by giving him different clothes to wear
and attempting to cover his scars with makeup, in the hopes that it will ease his transition into the
community. This film phenomenon is discussed by Martin F. Norden in his book The Cinema of
Isolation: A History of Physical Disabilities in the Movies. He argues that filmmakers will
separate disabled characters from their able-bodied peers not only through the storyline, but also
through a number of design elements. He also states that this technique allows filmmakers to
reflect an able-bodied point of view and reduce d.
Migrating to the Cloud Please respond to the following1. .docxjessiehampson
"Migrating to the Cloud" Please respond to the following:
1. Imagine that you are a CIO and you have been tasked to examine the process of moving from one host server or storage location to another. Predict two foreseen challenges of migrating an application to the cloud in a live migration and high- availability setting. Propose a preventative measure or a solution for each of these challenges.
2. Imagine that you are the CIO for a midsized organization in this industry. Determine, in 10 or less steps, the timeline for a live migration to the cloud in your organization. Determine the three greatest risks in this deployment.
.
Mike, Ana, Tiffany, Josh and Annie are heading to the store to get.docxjessiehampson
Mike, Ana, Tiffany, Josh and Annie are heading to the store to get some snacks. Mike has $1, Ana has $2, Tiffany has $3, Josh has $4, and Annie has $5.
What's the average (mean) amount of cash the five kids have? What's the median? A few days later, Annie's family won the lottery, and the kids go together to the store to get some snacks again. This time Mike has $1, Ana has $2, Tiffany has $3, Josh has $4, and Annie has wad of cash totaling $5,000.
What's the average (mean) amount of cash the five kids have this time? What's the median?
From part a, how have the mean and the median changed?
Which one - the mean or the median - is a better reflection of how much money they have together? Take you time before answering.
.
Michelle Wrote; There are several different reasons why an inter.docxjessiehampson
Michelle Wrote;
There are several different reasons why an intervention fails, such as the wrong intervention being selected or trying to solve the wrong problem. It is important that when performing and intervention that every thing have been severely observed and taken into consideration. I worked with an organization that was a travel agency, and they operated off of the commission that was collected from the booking that are processed, but they also provided a discount to the members that was taken out of the commission total. The issue was that when they initially opened the department there was no budget plan done and no guidelines were given, the agents were told to use discretion, and all though the department was a huge success in booking reservations they were still failing, because they were not withholding enough commission for the organization to operate under. Where the intervention process failed is that they never had formal training, which would have been a focus group to define the exact percentage to give to customer and the amount the organization needed to cover their overhead. During the meeting process there should have been definite guidelines to lead employees and managers from the accounting department so that the employees did not need to play the guessing game. Although they had the meeting nothing changed, because the problem was not solved with the employees and managers and was not addressed by the accounting department. The business is now in danger of folding because of the poor communication practices.
William Wrote:
Although what I am going to talk about is not my workplace but the place that I volunteer my time to sit on the board of directors for a non profit agency. As a board member we oversee the agency as a whole but we also break down into small committee groups to address needs as they arise. One of the committees that I am on is the planning committee. A change that was implemented by administration, program staff, and the board was all departments would start entering all their own data. At the time the agency had two data entry personal that was entering all agency data. So the change we made was that instead of hiring another data entry person we would require all programs to enter their own data into the collection software. This ended up being a failure that could have been huge had we not pulled reports the first two quarters of the year. What we found was some programs were right on target with getting their information entered with the first quarter. The Executive Director addressed this with staff. When the second quarter reports were pulled the data did not get any better. As an agency this failed due to program staff just did not have the appropriate time to take on more data entry. The agency ended up where we should have to start off, hiring another data entry staff member. I will say with this failure it actually turned into a very positive experience over all.
.
Midterm Lad Report 7
Midterm Lab Report
Introduction
Cellular respiration refers to all the metabolic processes and chemical reactions that take place in living organisms, particularly at the cellular level. These processes focus on the extraction of energy from nutrients. It is also responsible for converting the biochemical energy into 'adenosine triphosphate' (ATP) by the breakdown of sugars in the cells (Bennet 58). Cellular respiration is also responsible for the process by which cells release chemical energy required for conducting cellular activities. The reactions and processes facilitate the release of waste products from the cells. This experiment seeks to conduct a study of the processes and reactions involved during cellular respiration. The experiment will include several activities, such as having a study on the amount of Carbon dioxide produced during the experiment.
The number of levels of the growth of a yeast medium as a dependent variable will also be monitored during the experiment. There are other several independent variables associated with the experiment. These independent variables include sugar and temperature, among others, and their role in the experiment were also monitored. The experiment design involved the use of airtight balloons capped over reaction chambers that were used to collect the Carbon dioxide produced during the experiment. The reaction chambers contained sugars and yeast medium, which facilitated the reactions. Thermometers and pH scale were used to monitor the changes in temperature and acidity levels during the experiment. The paper involves a lab design that institute steps such as arranging the bottles used on the experiment. Notably, a proper arrangement to make sure that all the carbon dioxide released during the respiration process is well tapped in the bottles for correct lab results
Methodology
The actual procedure for experimenting involved taking measurements and recording of all observations made during the experiment. For accurate results, measures were taken three times, and a mean measurement was calculated and recorded. Winzler asserts that the mean obtained from the measurements should be used to calculate the standard deviation, which in turn facilitated the calculation of uncertainty (276). Below are the steps for conducting the experiment. It is essential to read the instructions carefully safety and accuracy during the experiment. Notably, all the lab and experiment results were well observed and thus making sure that there are limited errors in the whole process.
Consequently, all the steps required in the lab report were also clearly followed to help in getting the correct data and even not to affect the whole experiment process. The experiment involved setting the apparatus as per the set standard and the requirement. As per this concept, all the apparatus were set in a proper way to avoid vague results. Notably, to get the correct measurement and results, it is import.
More Related Content
Similar to Vaccines & Health Hazards Overview.AuthorsBallarlo, Beverly.docx
Vaccination - Need to Address the Serious Concernsjagchat01
Vaccinations have become controversial. Attempts are being made to silence critics without transparently addressing the core issues, thus putting subjects at great risk.
Kelley King Heyworth, Vaccines The Reality Behind the Debate, P.docxDIPESH30
Kelley King Heyworth, "Vaccines: The Reality Behind the Debate," Parents, May 2010. Reprinted by permission.
"We have to move forward and be willing to accept what science tells us: Vaccines do not cause autism."
In the following viewpoint, Kelley King Heyworth reports that the medical community is overwhelmingly supportive of childhood vaccinations. Heyworth believes that despite a growing movement that insists on a causal connection between vaccinations and autism, evidence refutes this claim. As one doctor explains in Heyworth's viewpoint, there is more likely a coincidental link between immunization schedules and diagnoses of autism because the disease tends to arise when children are young—around the same ages that they are receiving vaccinations. Heyworth warns that refusing vaccination for fear of autism endangers the unvaccinated child and the whole community because formerly controlled diseases such as measles and whooping cough have reemerged in unvaccinated populations. Kelley King Heyworth is a writer who has written for Parents and Sports Illustrated magazines. She is married to a medical researcher.
As you read, consider the following questions:
1. As Heyworth writes, what mercury-containing preservative in vaccines did Andrew Wakefield argue might push infants' mercury exposure beyond safe limits?
2. According to the author, what happened to Wakefield's notorious publication in February 2010?
3. As Heyworth reports, why did the drug manufacturer Merck recall certain lots of the Hib vaccine distributed in 2007?
As Summer Estall approached her first birthday, her mom, Lisa, had more on her mind than party plans. Summer was about to receive not only cake, and presents, but also—surprise!—her fourth round of shots in ten months. "Her last vaccinations had been tough," says Estall, of Grand Forks, North Dakota. "She was her usual happy self after being examined by the doctor, but then we were called into a room where two nurses were both holding long needles. They told me to lay Summer on the table, pull her pants down, and pin down her arms. Of course, she started to scream, and it felt like I was preparing her for torture. By the time the nurses got the Band-Aids on, Summer seemed to be okay—but I was a wreck."
However, it wasn't just the painful pricks that worried Estall about her daughter's 12-month shots. "Everywhere I go, someone's talking about the danger of vaccines," she says. "There are moms posting about their kids' side effects on just about every online parenting forum. The other day I had coffee with two friends, and one of them said she wasn't vaccinating her kids. I can't help but wonder: Should I really be injecting a healthy child with these things?"
Medical Community Supports Vaccination
The answer from the vast majority of medical experts is a resounding "yes." The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommend that healthy children get vaccinated again ...
Ahmed Almousa
ECE211
Jennifer Marley
10/15/2018
Should Vaccination of Children be Mandatory?
Main Argument:
Nowadays vaccines can be termed as the most essential modern medical prevention
procedure that tends to save hundred millions of lives around the globe. They have also led to the
complete eradication of viral diseases. In various under develop countries due to improper
distribution of vaccinations a large number of children lose their lives. As a research done by Bill
and Melinda Gates reveals that “; one child dies every 20 seconds from vaccine preventable
diseases,” [1]. Hence vaccines should be mandatory because it is safe, cost effective, and do not
cause side effects for healthy people, but may cause side effects for people with health
conditions.
Though in various countries where effective vaccines are willingly available, some of the
parents reject to vaccinate their kids. For example, up to 5% of parents in the UK and 9% in the
United States refuse to allow their children to be vaccinated with the measles, mumps, and
rubella (MMR) vaccine. [1] Consequently, on the off chance that you take a gander at a few US
episodes of measles or mumps - which something like 90% of the populace has been inoculated
against since 2000 - the general population who become ill are normally the individuals who
have not been vaccinated. In any case, even a few people who have been inoculated have turned
out to be wiped out amid a flare-up [1]. Even some who received the vaccination got the
diseases. The 2014 measles outbreak in the United States, and the 2015 death of a German
Ahmed
Pencil
Ahmed
Pencil
toddler from measles during an outbreak in Europe. [3], have proved the importance of vaccines
and they should be mandatory to reduce these sort of viral diseases.
Sub-argument 1: Vaccines are safe and should be mandatory.
The United States' established a vaccine safety system that ensures the vaccines are safe. In
fact, now, the United States comprises the safest, and the most operative vaccine supply in
history. The monitoring of vaccines starts with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
The organization guarantees the effectiveness, safety, and accessibility of vaccines for the whole
country. Before a vaccine is approved by the FDA for use by the public it is also tested via
various approaches by scientists and doctors [2].
Sub-argument 2: Vaccines are also cost effective.
Moreover, Vaccines are also cost effective, they not only save lives of people, they save
money too. As it is more economical to prevent an ailment than to treat it. There are many
programs operating by the government to provide the public with childhood immunization as it
saves about 29.9 million dollars which are spent by people in treating these sort of diseases in a
whole year [3].
Sub-argument 3: Vaccinations caused an intense decline in the number of diseases caused by
viral .
Alhajji 1
Alhajji 6
JafarAlhajji
Professor:
English homework
May 1, 2019
Vaccines safety and effectiveness
Do you think vaccination is an important or just harmful substance forced by pharmaceutical companies cooperating with the governments to inject into people? A vaccine can be defined as "biological preparations that, when introduced into the body, cause an individual to acquire immunity to a specific disease” (Davidson. 7). So, for decades, vaccines have been considered one of the best revaluation in medical practice. A long time ago, people all around the world tried to fight with different kinds of fatal diseases by different ways, and one of the most Significant ways is to make a vaccine, to prevent such life-threatening diseases. The first vaccine was against the Smallpox disease. Smallpox is a highly contagious disease and caused a lot of fatalities all around the world, and it is transmitted between people by inhalation of droplets of virus or direct contact with smallpox lesion secretions (Davidson 25). It is a deadly disease, it caused blindness and permanent scars in the patients that survived. Finally, after several attempts to make a vaccine for Smallpox, Edward succeeded to produce an effective and safe vaccine in 1796 by using the cowpox vaccine to protect from smallpox. Cowpox is a disease caused by cows and transferred to a human, and Jenner's theory was based that whoever had cowpox will be immunized against smallpox (Davidson29).“Edward Jenner was an English country doctor who introduced the vaccine for smallpox. Previously a keen practitioner of smallpox inoculation.”
Then, century after century, the vaccine after the vaccine was developed for different kinds of diseases. In the 20th century, one of the most known vaccines was Diphtheria and Tetanus vaccines. Diphtheria is a respiratory illness, causing the release of exotoxin from Corynebacterium diphtheria bacteria which leads to the death of mucous cells in the throat, mouth, and nose, and as a result of cells accumulation the pseudo-membrane are build up and block the airways of the patients which causes death (Davidson42) After years of experiments and trials to make a vaccine to fight this disease, Gaston Ramona French veterinarian and biologist who realized that attenuated Diphtheria toxin is able to activate the immune system of people without causing serious side effects, and by 1927, the toxoid vaccine was freely used all around the world, and it succeeds to drop the number of cases of diphtheria. Then, by using the same way of toxoid, combined Diphtheria and Tetanus Toxoid vaccines were produced. Tetanus can be described as a nerves system infection that leads to spasm and contract of body muscles, especially jaw muscles which make the patients unable to open their mouths (Davidson. 44)
Another example of one of the most significant vaccine is a Polio vaccine. Polio disease, mainly affecting children under 5 years old, and leading to paralysis and often to .
alhajji1alhajji 2Jafar AlhajjiVaccines Safety and Effectiven.docxsimonlbentley59018
alhajji1
alhajji 2
Jafar Alhajji
Vaccines Safety and Effectiveness
Do you think vaccination is an important or just harmful substance forced by pharmaceutical companies cooperating with the governments to inject into people? Vaccine can be defined as “biological preparations that, when introduced into the body, cause an individual to acquire immunity to a specific disease” (Davidson. 7). So, for decades, vaccines have been considered one of the best revaluation in medical practice. A long time ago, people all around the world tried to fight with different kinds of fatal diseases by different ways, and one of the most Significant ways is to make a vaccine, to prevent such life- threatening diseases. The first vaccine was against the Smallpox disease. Smallpox is a highly contagious disease and caused a lot of fatalities all around the world, and it is transmitted between people by inhalation of droplets of virus or direct contact with smallpox lesion secretions (Davidson 25). It is a deadly disease, it caused blindness and permanent scars in the patients that survived. Finally, after several attempts to make a vaccine for Smallpox, Edward succeeded to produce an effective and safe vaccine in 1796 by using the cowpox vaccine to protect from smallpox. Cowpox is a disease cause by cows and transferred to human, and Jenner’s theory was based that whoever had cowpox will be immunized against smallpox (Davidson 29). “Edward Jenner was an English country doctor who introduced the vaccine for smallpox. Previously a keen practitioner of smallpox inoculation.”
Then, century after century, vaccine after vaccine was developed for different kinds of diseases. In the 20th century, one of the most known vaccines was Diphtheria and Tetanus vaccines. Diphtheria is a respiratory illness, causing the release of exotoxin from Corynebacterium diphtheriae bacteria which leads to death of mucus cells in the throat, mouth and nose, and as a result of cells accumulation the pseudo-membrane are build up and block the airways of the patients which causes death (Davidson 42) After years of experiments and trials to make a vaccine to fight this disease, Gaston Ramon a French veterinarian and biologist who realized that attenuated Diphtheria toxin is able to activate the immune system of people without causing serious side effects, and by 1927, the toxoid vaccine was freely used all around the world, and it succeeds to drop the number of cases of diphtheria. Then, by using the same way of toxoid, combined Diphtheria and Tetanus Toxoid vaccines were produced. Tetanus can be described as a nerves system infection that leads to spasm and contract of body muscles, especially jaw muscles which make the patients unable to open their mouths (Davidson. 44)
Another example of one of the most significant vaccine is a Polio vaccine. Polio disease, mainly affecting children under 5 years old, and leading to paralysis and often to death due to immobilization of respi.
Milestones Navigating Late Childhood to AdolescenceFrom the m.docxjessiehampson
Milestones: Navigating Late Childhood to Adolescence
From the movie, Lila, Eight to Thirteen in this week's materials, identify 2–3 developmental milestones Lila reaches, and assess whether or not you think she successfully navigates her way through them as she prepares for adolescence. Support your assertions with evidence from your text and this week's materials.
.
Migration and RefugeesMany immigrants in the region flee persecu.docxjessiehampson
Migration and Refugees
Many immigrants in the region flee persecution and then return after they are liberated. For example, 700,000 Jews were allowed to leave the former Soviet Union and enter Israel in the 1990s. There has also been a migration of Palestinian people. Discuss the following:
Why do you think that Israel is such an important place for the Jews?
What is the importance of the area to the Palestinians?
What do you think the impact would be on you and your families if you participated in such long-distance migration?
No references needed, need response within 3 hours!
.
Min-2 pagesThe goal is to develop a professional document, take .docxjessiehampson
Min-2 pages
The goal is to develop a professional document, take a stake in your company (its a t-shirt and apparel company; see attached) as a business owner, and develop a business plan with the aim of securing financing to expand one’s business for an established firm.
Complete the following: (using the business plan working document)
10.0 Financials Plan
*Annotated plan has additional details if you have questions or need explanation
.
Mingzhi Hu
First Paper
3/5/2020
POLS 203
Application of Realism Theory on Civil war in Syria and International Relations
International relation can be best understood through the various schools of thought or
rather theories. They are significant in giving a comprehensive detail of the constructs that make
international relations. Realism theory still remains one of the most influential tools in
understanding events related to international relations. This is because it provides a pragmatic
approach in examining current events in the sphere of international relations (Maghroori, pg. 17).
Realism is divided into three subdivisions, seeking to explain causes of state conflict. This
include classical realism that argues that the conflict comes from the nature of man, neorealist
which associates conflict the elements of the state, and neoclassical realism which associates it to
both human nature and elements of the state. This school of thought is grounded on some
fundamental principles that make the core of its arguments.
The first assumption in realism is the idea that a country, usually referred to as a state,
serves as the main actor in international relations. It acknowledges the fact that there are other
actors like individuals and organizations, which have limited influence (Maghroori 11).
Secondly, the state is considered a unitary player, which is expected to work harmoniously, with
regard to matters of national interest. In addition, realists believe that the people who make
decisions are rational players, since this rationality is required in pursuing the interest of the
nation. In essence, the leaders are believed to understand these assumptions regardless of their
Laci Hubbard-Mattix
90000004849605
But selfish
Laci Hubbard-Mattix
90000004849605
Laci Hubbard-Mattix
90000004849605
What do you mean by "work harmoniously"
Laci Hubbard-Mattix
90000004849605
It is not clear what this sentence means.
political position, so ensure their sustainability and continuity. Consequently, it is assumed that
states exist in an anarchy context, where there is no single international leader. In this
theorization, the role of nature in influencing human action is not ignored. It asserts that nature
influence people to continue acting in repetitive tendencies. In this assumption, it comes out that
people desire power because of the egoistic nature. The innate selfishness of human beings,
mistrust and their thirst for power explains the unpredicted consequences that can result from
their actions (Maghroori 20). Such human tendencies can explain the unending wars among
nations. Bearing the fact that nations are governed by human beings, their nature contributes
largely to their behavioral tendencies, which in turn influence its security.
Realist therefore assume that leaders have the responsibility to promote the security of
their country in all fronts. This can be realized through consta.
Miller, 1 Sarah Miller Professor Kristen Johnson C.docxjessiehampson
Miller, 1
Sarah Miller
Professor Kristen Johnson
CHID 230
2 April 2019
The Myth of Disability as Isolating in Tim Burton’s Edward Scissorhands
Jay Timothy Dolmage discusses the common disability myths that condition our
understanding of disability in his work Disability Rhetoric. He argues that these myths create the
perception that disabled people are “others”, through the portrayal of them as lesser, surplus, or
improper (Dolmage, 31). One of the myths that Dolmage examines is disability as isolating or
individualizing, which is perpetrated through narratives of disabled people living in isolation,
rarely having romantic relationships or friendships, and often being left alone at the end
(Dolmage, 43). This myth can be seen in the film Edward Scissorhands, directed by Tim Burton.
Edward is a human being created by an inventor, yet the inventor’s death before his completion
leaves him with scissor blades for hands. Edward lives in a gothic mansion atop a hill,
completely in isolation until local Avon saleswoman Peg Boggs visits. She is initially frightened
by his appearance, yet decides to take him home with her upon the realization that he is
harmless. Edward’s disability causes his transition into society to be largely unsuccessful, as he
is objectified and used by other people for their benefit, and at the end of the film he is forced to
return to living in isolation after their perception of him turns to one of fear and scorn.
Edward’s isolation from society is symbolically portrayed through many film design
techniques. The mansion in which he lives at the beginning and the end of the film starkly
contrasts the community in which the able-bodied society lives. The mansion is gothic, dark, and
partially in ruins, whereas the rest of the houses are brightly colored in pinks, yellows, and
Miller, 2
greens, all with perfectly manicured green lawns. His appearance also separates him from the
rest of society, as he has very pale skin, dark under-eyes, black untamed hair, and wears gothic
industrial clothes. The able-bodied individuals often wear colorful or light clothes and appear
quite “ordinary”. The contrast created between Edward and society through set, clothing,
makeup, and hair design work to portray Edward and his disability as unusual, creepy, and
“other”. Peg even attempts to “normalize” his appearance by giving him different clothes to wear
and attempting to cover his scars with makeup, in the hopes that it will ease his transition into the
community. This film phenomenon is discussed by Martin F. Norden in his book The Cinema of
Isolation: A History of Physical Disabilities in the Movies. He argues that filmmakers will
separate disabled characters from their able-bodied peers not only through the storyline, but also
through a number of design elements. He also states that this technique allows filmmakers to
reflect an able-bodied point of view and reduce d.
Migrating to the Cloud Please respond to the following1. .docxjessiehampson
"Migrating to the Cloud" Please respond to the following:
1. Imagine that you are a CIO and you have been tasked to examine the process of moving from one host server or storage location to another. Predict two foreseen challenges of migrating an application to the cloud in a live migration and high- availability setting. Propose a preventative measure or a solution for each of these challenges.
2. Imagine that you are the CIO for a midsized organization in this industry. Determine, in 10 or less steps, the timeline for a live migration to the cloud in your organization. Determine the three greatest risks in this deployment.
.
Mike, Ana, Tiffany, Josh and Annie are heading to the store to get.docxjessiehampson
Mike, Ana, Tiffany, Josh and Annie are heading to the store to get some snacks. Mike has $1, Ana has $2, Tiffany has $3, Josh has $4, and Annie has $5.
What's the average (mean) amount of cash the five kids have? What's the median? A few days later, Annie's family won the lottery, and the kids go together to the store to get some snacks again. This time Mike has $1, Ana has $2, Tiffany has $3, Josh has $4, and Annie has wad of cash totaling $5,000.
What's the average (mean) amount of cash the five kids have this time? What's the median?
From part a, how have the mean and the median changed?
Which one - the mean or the median - is a better reflection of how much money they have together? Take you time before answering.
.
Michelle Wrote; There are several different reasons why an inter.docxjessiehampson
Michelle Wrote;
There are several different reasons why an intervention fails, such as the wrong intervention being selected or trying to solve the wrong problem. It is important that when performing and intervention that every thing have been severely observed and taken into consideration. I worked with an organization that was a travel agency, and they operated off of the commission that was collected from the booking that are processed, but they also provided a discount to the members that was taken out of the commission total. The issue was that when they initially opened the department there was no budget plan done and no guidelines were given, the agents were told to use discretion, and all though the department was a huge success in booking reservations they were still failing, because they were not withholding enough commission for the organization to operate under. Where the intervention process failed is that they never had formal training, which would have been a focus group to define the exact percentage to give to customer and the amount the organization needed to cover their overhead. During the meeting process there should have been definite guidelines to lead employees and managers from the accounting department so that the employees did not need to play the guessing game. Although they had the meeting nothing changed, because the problem was not solved with the employees and managers and was not addressed by the accounting department. The business is now in danger of folding because of the poor communication practices.
William Wrote:
Although what I am going to talk about is not my workplace but the place that I volunteer my time to sit on the board of directors for a non profit agency. As a board member we oversee the agency as a whole but we also break down into small committee groups to address needs as they arise. One of the committees that I am on is the planning committee. A change that was implemented by administration, program staff, and the board was all departments would start entering all their own data. At the time the agency had two data entry personal that was entering all agency data. So the change we made was that instead of hiring another data entry person we would require all programs to enter their own data into the collection software. This ended up being a failure that could have been huge had we not pulled reports the first two quarters of the year. What we found was some programs were right on target with getting their information entered with the first quarter. The Executive Director addressed this with staff. When the second quarter reports were pulled the data did not get any better. As an agency this failed due to program staff just did not have the appropriate time to take on more data entry. The agency ended up where we should have to start off, hiring another data entry staff member. I will say with this failure it actually turned into a very positive experience over all.
.
Midterm Lad Report 7
Midterm Lab Report
Introduction
Cellular respiration refers to all the metabolic processes and chemical reactions that take place in living organisms, particularly at the cellular level. These processes focus on the extraction of energy from nutrients. It is also responsible for converting the biochemical energy into 'adenosine triphosphate' (ATP) by the breakdown of sugars in the cells (Bennet 58). Cellular respiration is also responsible for the process by which cells release chemical energy required for conducting cellular activities. The reactions and processes facilitate the release of waste products from the cells. This experiment seeks to conduct a study of the processes and reactions involved during cellular respiration. The experiment will include several activities, such as having a study on the amount of Carbon dioxide produced during the experiment.
The number of levels of the growth of a yeast medium as a dependent variable will also be monitored during the experiment. There are other several independent variables associated with the experiment. These independent variables include sugar and temperature, among others, and their role in the experiment were also monitored. The experiment design involved the use of airtight balloons capped over reaction chambers that were used to collect the Carbon dioxide produced during the experiment. The reaction chambers contained sugars and yeast medium, which facilitated the reactions. Thermometers and pH scale were used to monitor the changes in temperature and acidity levels during the experiment. The paper involves a lab design that institute steps such as arranging the bottles used on the experiment. Notably, a proper arrangement to make sure that all the carbon dioxide released during the respiration process is well tapped in the bottles for correct lab results
Methodology
The actual procedure for experimenting involved taking measurements and recording of all observations made during the experiment. For accurate results, measures were taken three times, and a mean measurement was calculated and recorded. Winzler asserts that the mean obtained from the measurements should be used to calculate the standard deviation, which in turn facilitated the calculation of uncertainty (276). Below are the steps for conducting the experiment. It is essential to read the instructions carefully safety and accuracy during the experiment. Notably, all the lab and experiment results were well observed and thus making sure that there are limited errors in the whole process.
Consequently, all the steps required in the lab report were also clearly followed to help in getting the correct data and even not to affect the whole experiment process. The experiment involved setting the apparatus as per the set standard and the requirement. As per this concept, all the apparatus were set in a proper way to avoid vague results. Notably, to get the correct measurement and results, it is import.
MicroEssay Identify a behavioral tendency that you believe.docxjessiehampson
MicroEssay
Identify a behavioral tendency that you believe you have inherited (one that is determined, at least in part, by your genetic make-up). Explain the ways you think this trait has been affected by your environment by applying the different types of gene x environment correlations to your example (passive, evocative, and active)? What does this suggest about the nature-nurture debate?
.
MILNETVisionMILNETs vision is to leverage the diverse mili.docxjessiehampson
MILNET
Vision
MILNETs vision is to leverage the diverse military experience of Crawford employees to create awareness opportunities that help forester an appreciation, understand, and respect for the military culture and members we serve
Benefits
· Know our Members
· Support recruiting and retention
· Facilitate transition from military to Crawford
· Centralized source to connect with peer veterans
· Provide Member Experience, Marketing, and other Crawford initiatives and expert knowledge base.
MILNET Leadership Team (Volunteer position)
· Event & Volunteer Lead- Plan and execute mandatory enterprise events
· Technology Lead- Maintain MILNET budget throughout the year and reports overview or expenses monthly
· MILNET Spouse Lead- Ensures connect of sites are up to date/accurate, to include Veteran/Military Spouse Registration
· Secretary-Manages relationships by identifying opportunism for partnership
· Communications/Marketing Lead- Communicates to the MILNET community regularly via multiple channels (Email, Internal Social) regarding upcoming events, announcement, and other communications.
Background
Grandfather Air force
Parents- Army
Myself- Army
Spouse Army
Skills
Knowledgeable
Passionate
Qualified
Education
-Associates Accounting
-Bachelor’s in business and HR
-MRA w/ HR concentration
1 – Paragraph for each question (Professional answers)
Question 1- What is your visions of MILNET?
Question 2-How would your selection impact the Leadership Team?
.
midtermAnswer all question with proper number atleast 1 and half.docxjessiehampson
midterm
Answer all question with proper number atleast 1 and half page
APA FORMAT SIZE 12
1. Why is culture important to political scientists?
2. How is political science an interdisciplinary major?
3. How can politics be treated as a science?
4. Describe how modern liberalism differs from classical liberalism and explain how modern conservatism related to classical liberalism?
5. Explain how nationalism can be dangerous to a nation. Use both theoretical ideas and concrete examples to support your claims
6.
Evaluate the "end of ideology" argument by considering the facts that fit and contradict this view on today's world
7. What are the means by which power is institutionalized? What makes for good institutions? Provide examples from the United States and one other country
8. Identify the purposes of constitutions and explain why they are necessary
9. Describe how the principle of separation of powers is manifested in the U.S. Constitution and explain how this principle has evolved over time in the United States.
10. Bonus Question: What are the 10 Bill of Rights
.
Midterm QuestionIs the movement towards human security a true .docxjessiehampson
Midterm Question
Is the movement towards human security a true paradigm shift? In answering this question make sure to consider which of the authors whom you have read in Weeks one to four of the course support your view and which do not. *The sole use of attached readings is required for the midterm*
Midterm Assignment – Instructions (Read Carefully)
In university courses, assignments (or assessments) are meant to give students the opportunity to demonstrate what they have been learning in the course – and give instructors evidence that such learning is occurring within the classroom. Because of these objectives, it is imperative to incorporate the specifics of what you’ve been studying in the course into your writing assignments. You accomplish this by answering the Midterm question in the assessment via the course objectives and readings from the course. The midterm will cover the following objectives:
1. Describe the role of rapid globalization in changing perceptions of security
2. Identify key threats to human security (food security, personal security, environmental security)
3. Apply the concepts of human security
4. Compare and contrast traditional international relations approaches to security with the doctrine of human security.
Additional Instructions
To answer the Midterm question you will write an analytical essay. The analytical essay is a practical approach to solving a problem. So think of this essay question as you would an assignment from your boss: “I need you to take a look at this problem and solve it for me using things from your IR toolkit (what you have learned, or know). Present a well-written, concise answer to me in four pages. I need it by tomorrow morning.” This is how it happens in the real world, and this is what we want to prepare you to do. To achieve this structure of the essay please keep the following tips in mind:
1. Remember that the analytical essay is highly-structured. Each paragraph should look like the others in terms of style and substance. Writing to the limit of four pages is an art and something you need to learn to do. So, don’t write fewer than four pages and don’t write more. You may need to write over just a little and then edit away the extra parts of the essay to reach the concise four pages.
2. Review your submission and make sure that you have covered the requirements of the assignment using only material from the lessons and readings.
Format for the Essay:
1. Do not use a cover page. Instead, create a header with your name, assignment name, and date. To do this in Word, go to “insert” and then “header.” Do the same thing to insert a ‘footer’ and include page numbers. If you need help, use the ‘help’ function to learn more within Word.
2. Your submission should be four pages (no more, no less) and look like this:
a. Introduction: Introduce your topic & include a thesis. To help you set up your analytical essay include three reasons why you agree or disagree with the midterm quest.
MGT/526 v1
Wk 2 – Apply: Organizational Analysis
MGT/526 v1
Page 2 of 2
Wk 2 – Apply: Organizational AnalysisInstructions
Complete the worksheet based on your chosen organization. Use Business Source Complete and your selected company’s website, annual report, and other available sources. Part 1: Organization Information
Organization
Define your chosen company and its industry.
Mission and Vision
Identify the mission and vision of the organization.
Mission
Vision
Organizational Initiatives
Outline 1-2 major initiative for this organization. What are they currently doing to support these initiatives?
Organizational Plans
Describe the plans employed by the organization. Determine which types of managers create each type of plan.
Type of Plan
Description
Type of Manager
SWOT Analysis
There are various factors within the external environment of an organization that impacts its strategy.
Analyze the organization’s SWOT analysis. Identify the internal and external factors. Include a link to the SWOT analysis in the Reference section of this worksheet.
Internal Factors
External Factors
Part 2: Evaluation
Evaluate if the mission, vision, planning process, and SWOT analysis meets the current needs of the organization. Include the following in your evaluation:
· Describe the unmet need, (not limited to product or service, can be new demographic, new mode of delivery, etc.).
· Analyze your competitive advantages.
· Based upon the SWOT analysis, is there another business that is doing something similar that can be referred to? Provide examples.
· If there is not another business, describe how what you’re doing is a unique product or service offering.
· Propose a competitive business initiative to address the unmet need.
· Create a high-level timeline and operational steps necessary to implement your solution. References
Include a link to theSWOT analysis.
Copyright 2020 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved.
Copyright 2020 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved.
COUN 6785: Social Change in Action:
Prevention, Consultation, and Advocacy
Social Change Portfolio
M. Negrón
Contents
Introduction
Scope and Consequences
Social-ecological Model
Theories of Prevention
Diversity and Ethical Considerations
Advocacy
INTRODUCTIONAdressing Teen Pregnancy in Pittsburg, California
In more recent years, there has been an effort in my community to address teen pregnancy due to its growing rates. Over the years teen pregnancy rates have continued to rise in Contra Costa County as well as surrounding counties. Unfortanately, the town I come from is a small town within Contra Costa County so resources are limited. In order to address teen pregnancy there needs to be easier access to resources to prevent teen pregnancy from occurring. Teen pregnancy can lead to a number of different problems such as low socioeconomic status, greater chance of contracting a sexually transmitted infec.
Microsoft Word Editing Version 1.0Software Requirement Speci.docxjessiehampson
Microsoft Word Editing
Version: 1.0
Software Requirement Specification
Date: 7/3/2020
YLLC-001
Yohammed LLCSoftware Requirements SpecificationFor Microsoft WORD
Version 2016
Revision History
Date
Version
Description
Author
7/3/2020
1.0
Initial document
Mohammed Allibalogun
10/3/2020
1.0.1
Revise documentation of Initial document
Mohammed Allibalogun
Table of Contents
Contents
1. Introduction 5
1.1 Purpose 5
1.2 Scope 5
1.3 Definitions, Acronyms, Abbreviations 5
1.4 References 5
1.5 Overview 6
2. Overall Description 6
2.1 Use-Case Model Survey 6
2.1.1 Sign in 6
2.1.2 Open 6
2.1.3 New 7
2.1.4 Save 7
2.1.5 Save As 7
2.1.6 Export 7
2.1.7 Print 7
2.1.8 Change Font 7
2.1.9 Use case Diagram: 7
2.2 Assumptions and Dependencies 7
3. Specific Requirements 7
3.1 Use-Case Reports 8
3.1.1 Sign in 8
3.1.2 Open: 9
3.1.3 New: 10
3.1.4 Save: 11
3.1.5 Save As: 12
3.1.6 Export: 13
3.1.7 Print: 14
3.1.8 Change Font: 15
3.2 Supplementary Requirements 16
3.2.1 Performance: 16
3.2.2 Usability: 16
3.2.3 Supportability: 16
3.2.4 Configurability: 16
3.2.5 Recoverability: 16
Software Requirements SpecificationIntroduction
Microsoft Word is a word processor created by Microsoft. It was first discharged on October 25, 1983, under the name Multi-Tool Word for Xenix frameworks. Microsoft Word 2016 was released in the year 2016. The Microsoft Word application location was made to facilitate its users in ways where they could document things, save them on their hard drives or online, and even print them. With a wide range of scopes, any type of document such as assignments, reports, proposals, brochures, memorandums, etc. can be made on created through MS Word. When the file is saved, a .docx extension file is made and saved on the system. Even though MS Word is a very helpful application location, it still has its drawbacks. One of them is due to the presence of too many options. A novice user may feel overwhelmed with the number of features that can be executed through this software.Purpose
The purpose of the Microsoft Word application location is to document i.e. write any type of document such as assignments, quizzes, reports, etc. This does not mean that you can only write something on the word. You can also use tools to make your document look better such as using different layouts, different shapes, adding pictures and tables, etc. Thus, word lets you make a document and edit it. There are no critical bugs and the defect rate of MS Word is zero. The learning time for an average user is 30 to 60 minutes. Scope
The project aims to efficiently document your need for both, your professional or personal life. The focus of this application location is to provide help for the user to inscribe a document in a multitude of formats. This will provide more options and facilitate the user with different modules so the document can always look professional. Definitions, Acronyms, Abbreviations
Following are the abbreviations in t.
Microsoft Windows implements access controls by allowing organiz.docxjessiehampson
Microsoft Windows implements access controls by allowing organizations to define users, groups, and object DACLs that support their environment. Organizations define the rules, and Windows enables those rules to be enforced.
Answer the following question(s):
Do you think access controls are implemented differently in a government agency versus a typical information technology company? Why or why not?
2. Do you think access controls differ among private industries, such as retail, banking, and manufacturing? Why or why not?
.
MGT520
Critical Thinking Writing Rubric - Module 10
Exceeds
Expectation
Meets Expectation Below Expectation Limited Evidence
Content, Research, and Analysis
21-25 Points 16-20 Points 11-15 Points 6-10 Points
Requirements Exceeds
Expectation -
Includes all of the
required
components as
specified in the
assignment.
Meets Expectation-
Includes most of
the required
components as
specified in the
assignment.
Below Expectation-
Includes some of
the required
components as
specified in the
assignment.
Limited Evidence -
Includes few of the
required
components as
specified in the
assignment.
21-25 Points 16-20 Points 11-15 Points 6-10 Points
Content Exceeds
Expectation -
Demonstrates
substantial and
extensive
knowledge of the
materials, with no
errors or major
omissions.
Meets Expectation-
Demonstrates
adequate
knowledge of the
materials; may
include some
minor errors or
omissions.
Below Expectation-
Demonstrates fair
knowledge of the
materials and/or
includes some
major errors or
omissions.
Limited Evidence -
Fails to
demonstrate
knowledge of the
materials and/or
includes many
major errors or
omissions.
25-30 Points 19-24 Points 13-18 Points 7-12 Points
Analysis Exceeds
Expectation -
Provides strong
thought, insight,
and analysis of
performance
management
system, concepts
and applications.
Meets Expectation-
Provides adequate
thought, insight,
and analysis of
performance
management
system, concepts
and applications.
Below Expectation-
Provides poor
thought, insight,
and analysis of
performance
management
system, concepts
and applications.
Limited Evidence -
Provides little or no
thought, insight,
and analysis of
performance
management
system, concepts
and applications.
13-15 Points 10-12 Points 7-9 Points 4-6 Points
Sources Exceeds
Expectation -
Sources go above
and beyond
required criteria,
and are well
chosen to provide
effective
substance and
perspectives on
the issue under
examination.
Meets Expectation-
Sources meet
required criteria
and are adequately
chosen to provide
substance and
perspectives on the
issue under
examination.
Below Expectation-
Sources meet
required criteria,
but are poorly
chosen to provide
substance and
perspectives on the
issue under
examination.
Limited Evidence -
Source selection
and integration of
knowledge from
the course is
clearly deficient.
Mechanics and Writing
5 Points 4 Points 3 Points 1-2 Points
Demonstrates Exceeds Meets Expectation- Below Expectation- Limited Evidence -
MGT520
Critical Thinking Writing Rubric - Module 10
college-level
proficiency in
organization,
grammar and
style.
Expectation -
Project is clearly
organized, well
written, and in
proper format as
outlined in the
assignment. Strong
sentence and
paragraph
structure; contains
no errors in
grammar, spelling,
APA style, or APA
citations and
references..
Midterm PaperThe Midterm Paper is worth 100 points. It will .docxjessiehampson
Midterm Paper
The Midterm Paper is worth 100 points. It will consist of a 500 word written description and analysis of a work of art using terminology from Chapters 2-5.
For this assignment, you are to discuss the form, content, and subject matter of a work of art chosen from the list provided. This is an exercise in recognizing visual elements and principles of design in works of art and demonstrating an understanding of how they relate to each other to create meaning. This paper is about looking and seeing. This is not a research paper; you will not need to do additional research. Please follow the outline provided below.
First: Select a work of art
Select one of the following listed works of art:
Circle of Diego Quispe Tito.
The Virgin of Carmel Saving Souls in Purgatory
. Late 17th century. Fig. 1.22, pg. 17.
Henri Matisse.
Large Reclining Nude
. 1935. Fig. 4.24, pg. 85.
Faith Ringgold.
Tar Beach
. 1988. Fig. 13.18, pg. 219.
Henry Ossawa Tanner.
The Banjo Lesson
. 1893. Fig. 21.15, pg. 373
Andy Warhol.
Marilyn Diptych
. 1962. Fig. 24.23, pg. 447.
Format
Describe the use of each visual element and principle of design in the order they are listed in the outline. You can simply list each term and address how it is used in the painting. If you write in paragraph form be sure to identify each term clearly. Any term not addressed will receive 0 points. Provide specific examples. For example, don’t just say “there are lines,” give specific examples of how line is used in the piece you’ve selected.
Papers should be 500 words minimum (not including images), double-spaced, 10 or 12 point, with 1" margins. The preferred format is Microsoft Word (.doc or .docx). If these formats are not available, other acceptable formats are ASCII (.txt), rich text format (.rtf), Open Office (.odt), and PDF. Make sure you proofread your papers for incorrect grammar, spelling, punctuation, and other errors.
The Midterm Paper is due at 11:59 pm CT Sunday of Week 4.
Midterm Paper Outline
Introduction (First Paragraph)
In the first paragraph, called the introduction, you will include:
An identification of the work of art you selected: The name of the artist, title (which is underlined or italicized every time you use the title in your paper), date, and medium.
Your initial interpretation of the subject based on your initial observations.
Description
Describe how each of the following is used in the piece you selected.
Visual Elements
:
Line: what types of lines do you see in the piece? Provide examples.
Shape: what types of shapes do you see? Provide examples.
Mass: How is mass implied?
Space: How is the illusion of space created in the piece?
Time and Motion: Are time and motion evident in tis piece? How so?
Light: How is light used here?
Color: How does the artist use color?
Texture: How does the artist create the illusion of texture, or incorporate actual texture
Principles of Design
Unity and Variety: In what way is this pi.
Miami Florida is considered ground zero for climate change, in parti.docxjessiehampson
Miami Florida is considered ground zero for climate change, in particular rising seas will not only drown coastal sections of the city but will disrupt our local supply of drinking water.
Based on what you have learned so far from this class, discuss the following:
Explain where the drinking water from South Florida primarily comes from and why would rising sea levels disrupt this supply?
What efforts can be made and are being made to mitigate the effects of rising seas on our drinking water?
If you were a local politician, what advice would you give to state and federal officials on the best way to ensure residents in South Florida had a steady supply of drinking water for many years to come?
.
MGT230 v6Nordstrom Case Study AnalysisMGT230 v6Page 2 of 2.docxjessiehampson
MGT/230 v6
Nordstrom Case Study Analysis
MGT/230 v6
Page 2 of 2
Nordstrom Case Study Analysis
Nordstrom—“High Touch” with “High Tech”
How does Nordstrom stay profitable despite dips in consumer spending, changing fashion trends, and intense competition among retailers? One answer: Acute attention to detail and well-laid plans.
All in the Family
The fourth generation of family members that runs Nordstrom has brought the store’s time-honored and successful retail practices into a new era. “Nordstrom, it seems, is that rarity in American business: an enterprise run by a founding family that hasn’t wrecked it,” says one business writer. The company provides a quality customer experience via personalized service, a compelling merchandise offering, a pleasant shopping environment, and increasingly better management of its inventory.
Secret of Success
The secret of this company’s success lies in its strategic planning efforts and the ability of its management team to set broad, comprehensive, and longer-term action directions, all of which are focused on the customer experience. The current generation of Nordstrom family members was quick to spearhead an ultramodern multimillion-dollar, Web-based inventory management system. This upgrade helped the company meet two key goals: (1) correlate purchasing with demand to keep inventory as lean as possible, and (2) give customers and sales associates a comprehensive view of Nordstrom’s entire inventory, including every store and warehouse.
Demand Planning
Instead of relying on one-day sales, coupon blitzes, or marking down entire lines of product, Nordstrom discounts only certain items. “Markdown optimization” software assists in planning more profitable sale prices. According to retail analyst, Patricia Edwards, this helps Nordstrom calculate what will sell better at different discounts and forecast which single items should be marked down. If a style is no longer in demand, the company can ship it off to its Nordstrom Rack outlet stores. It’s all part of Nordstrom’s long-term investment in efficiency. “If we can identify what is not performing and move it out to bring in fresh merchandise,” says Pete Nordstrom, “that’s a decision we want to make.”
Inventory Planning
Although inventory naturally fluctuates, Nordstrom associates can easily locate any item in another store or verify when it will return to stock. Customers on their smart phones and associates behind sales counters see the same thing—the entire inventory of Nordstrom’s stores is presented as one selection, which the company refers to as perpetual inventory. “Customer service is not just a friendly, helpful, knowledgeable salesperson helping you buy something,” says Robert Spector, retail expert and author of The Nordstrom Way. “Part of customer service is having the right item at the right size at the right price at the right time. And that’s something perpetual inventory will help with.”
The upgraded inventory management system was an .
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Vaccines & Health Hazards Overview.AuthorsBallarlo, Beverly.docx
1. Vaccines & Health Hazards: Overview.
Authors:
Ballarlo, Beverly
Sprague, Nancy
Source:
Points of View: Vaccines & Health Hazards. 2017, p1-1. 1p.
Document Type:
Article
Subjects:
VACCINATION of children
VACCINES
SUDDEN infant death syndrome
VACCINATION complications
PREVENTIVE medicine
Geographic Terms:
UNITED StatesReport Available
Abstract:
The article examines the debate over the effectiveness and
safety of vaccination. Despite efforts by U.S. health agencies,
major medical associations and practicing clinicians to convince
parents of keeping their children's immunizations up to date,
some parents and critics continue to have doubts about the
benefits of having children vaccinated. Causal links between
certain vaccines and diseases, such as the diphtheria, tetanus
and pertussis (DTP) vaccine and sudden infant death syndrome
(SIDS), have been reported.
Lexile:
1570
Full Text Word Count:
2425
ISBN:
9781429817660
Accession Number:
23761083
2. Vaccines & Health Hazards: Overview
Full Text
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CURRICULUM STANDARDS--U.S.
The mainstream American medical establishment has long
contended that the public health benefits of vaccines--to prevent
3. such diseases as diphtheria, tetanus (lockjaw) pertussis
(whooping cough), polio, rubella, measles, mumps, hepatitis B,
varicella (chickenpox), and influenza--heavily outweigh the
relatively small risks associated with such preventive measures.
Officials from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
(CDC) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), most
major medical associations, and the vast majority of practicing
clinicians have invested significant energy in a campaign to
convince parents to keep their children's immunizations up to
date.
For a small but persistent number of parents and advocates,
however, the wisdom of inoculating children against certain
common childhood diseases remains suspect. According to these
critics, vaccines may cause serious side effects or even prove
fatal. Some believe that simultaneously giving a child multiple
vaccinations for different diseases can overtax an immature
immune system and produce lasting damage.
Opponents of mandatory vaccinations have suggested causal
links between the DTP (diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis)
vaccine and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), the MMR
(measles, mumps, and rubella) vaccine and Crohn's disease, the
hepatitis B vaccine and multiple sclerosis (MS), and between
the pertussis (whooping cough) vaccine and brain damage.
The greatest controversy in the vaccine safety debate, however,
has swirled around some parents' passionate conviction of a link
between the MMR vaccine and autism. Based on the
epidemiologic evidence gathered for numerous studies
conducted to probe this theory since it first surfaced in 1998,
however, most medical authorities have concluded that the
weight of scientific evidence does not support the hypothesis
that the MMR vaccine causes autism.
Some researchers have suggested that because the vaccine is
4. administered to young children around the same age that autism
symptoms typically emerge, observers have attributed a causal
link to what is more likely a case of coincidental timing.
Understanding the Discussion
Anthrax: An infectious, generally fatal, disease that usually
affects cattle, sheep, and goats. People exposed to anthrax can
suffer sores, swelling, fever, pneumonia, blood poisoning, and
death.
Autism: A collection of neurologically-based developmental
disorders in which individuals have impairments in social
interaction and communication skills, along with a tendency to
have repetitive behaviors or interests.
Avian Influenza: A highly contagious flu found in birds. The
bird flu virus does not usually infect humans, although
confirmed cases of human infection have been reported since
1997.
Endemic: Describes a disease or pathogen that is present or
usually prevalent in a particular population or geographical area
at all times.
Epidemiology: The branch of medicine that deals with the study
of the causes, distribution, and control of disease in groups of
people.
MMR: The measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine. It is typically
administered in two dosages, the first when a child is between
twelve and fifteen months old, and the second between the ages
of four and six years.
Thimerosal: A mercury-based preservative that has been used in
some vaccines since the 1930s.
5. Vaccine: A preparation that contains an antigen, consisting of
whole disease-causing organisms (killed or weakened) or parts
of such organisms, that is used to confer immunity against the
disease that the organisms cause. Vaccine preparations can be
natural, synthetic, or derived by recombinant DNA technology.
History
Controversies over vaccine safety have raged for as long as
vaccines have existed. In 1796 the English doctor Edward
Jenner developed the world's first vaccination, for smallpox,
after observing that milkmaids who had contracted cow pox, a
mild condition, were not susceptible to smallpox, a deadly
disease.
Jenner's method of deliberately exposing a patient to infected
cowpox fluid to confer immunity worked, but the notion of
deliberately introducing diseased matter into a healthy body
provoked fear, skepticism, and sometimes even violence.
Although Jenner was confident enough in the safety of his
vaccine to inoculate his own infant son, in 1853, more than half
a century after his landmark discovery, the English government
was compelled to pass a law making vaccination mandatory for
all its citizens. So persistent were the doubts about the safety
and necessity of vaccination, however, that in 1898, the
government dropped this requirement, although it continued to
encourage vaccination.
Between Jenner's discovery of the smallpox vaccine in 1796 and
1980, when the World Health Organization (WHO) officially
declared smallpox eradicated, new vaccines emerged for many
other infectious diseases that have caused enormous suffering
throughout human history. These included vaccines against
rabies, plague, cholera, typhoid fever, diphtheria, pertussis,
tuberculosis, tetanus, yellow fever, influenza, polio, mumps,
measles, rubella, and anthrax.
6. Ironically, the very success of vaccination efforts in causing
once-dreaded diseases to fade into distant memories may have
contributed to increasing concerns over vaccine safety. As
fewer and fewer Americans witnessed firsthand the ravages of
epidemic diseases such as measles (which claimed 120 deaths as
recently as 1989-1991) and rubella (which afflicted, between
1964 and 1965, about 20,000 newborn babies with deafness,
blindness, heart disease, or mental retardation because their
mothers had been infected with the virus during pregnancy),
many began focusing more on the risks of vaccines than on the
horrors of the diseases they prevented.
In response to growing concerns over vaccine safety, Congress
passed in 1986 the National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act,
which made mandatory the reporting of adverse health events
following specific vaccinations and also established a no-fault
compensation system for those injured by vaccines. In 1990, the
Vaccine Adverse Reporting System (VAERS) was established to
monitor the safety of all vaccines approved for use in the United
States. It was the VAERS system that flagged the Rotavirus
vaccine's role in a number of serious bowel obstructions that
triggered pulling the vaccine off the market for further study.
With national vaccine safety protocols in place, public health
officials launched an aggressive campaign to promote
vaccinations. In 1994 the Vaccines for Children (VFC) program
was established to provide access to free vaccines for eligible
children, and in 1995 several major pediatric and medical
organizations endorsed a uniform childhood immunization
schedule. By 1994 officials were able to certify the elimination
of polio in the Americas, by 2003 they declared measles no
longer endemic in the Americas, and by 2005 they declared
rubella no longer endemic in the United States. Compliance
with recommended vaccination has improved dramatically with
school entry mandates for immunization. (Davis, Gaglia, 2005)
7. These triumphs, however, did not end the controversy over
vaccine safety. In 1999 the first rotavirus vaccine, which has
been licensed only a year earlier, was pulled from the market
because of its adverse side effects, specifically intestinal
blockage. Public confidence in vaccine safety controls were
further shaken in 2004 when the first Lyme disease vaccine,
which the FDA had approved in 1998, was also withdrawn from
the market amid a flurry of lawsuits against its manufacturer
and increasing concerns of untoward side effects similar to the
actual symptoms of Lyme Disease.
Beginning in 1999, at the same time questions began surfacing
about the rotavirus and Lyme disease vaccines, consumer
advocacy groups mounted a campaign to ban thimerosal, a
mercury-based additive, from vaccines. That year, the Public
Health Service and the American Academy of Pediatrics
recommended removal of thimerosal from child vaccines as a
precautionary measure. Because mercury is a neurotoxin
harmful to the developing central nervous system of fetuses and
infants, some groups believed in the possibility of a causal link
between thimerosal exposure from childhood vaccines and
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), speech or
language delays, and, in particular, autism.
In 2004, the Institute of Medicine's Immunization Safety
Review Committee examined epidemiological data from the
U.S., Denmark, Sweden, and the United Kingdom before
concluding that evidence does not support a causal relationship
between thimerosal-containing vaccines and autism.
Vaccines Today
Three key developments have shaped contemporary attitudes
toward potential vaccine health hazards. First, the September
11, 2001 attacks and the subsequent anthrax scare increased
public fears of bioterrorism. Concerns over vaccine safety
became overshadowed by worries of inadequate national
8. supplies of anthrax and smallpox vaccine.
Second, government officials and scientists issued repeated,
dire warnings about the possibility that the virus responsible for
creating a fast-spreading epidemic of avian influenza, also
known as bird flu, might cross the species barrier to infect
humans. Faced with the prospect of a flu pandemic that could
claim millions of human lives, safety concerns took a back seat
to the urgent, as yet unfulfilled, quest to create an effective
vaccine to prevent such a global catastrophe.
Finally, a 2005 study of more than 30,000 Japanese children
definitively debunked, in the eyes of many scientists, the claim
that the MMR vaccine could be responsible for rising rates of
autism worldwide in recent years. When the number of children
with autism continued to increase after the MMR vaccine was
replaced with single vaccines, researchers concluded that the
vaccine cannot be responsible for triggering the disorder on a
large scale.
Skeptics, however, remain, with some parents and advocates
convinced that the MMR may well induce the disorder in a
small percentage of susceptible children. In 2005, Congress saw
the reintroduction of a bill that would amend the Federal Food,
Drug, and Cosmetic Act to ban the use of mercury in vaccines.
The Mercury-Free Vaccines Act stalled in the House
Subcommittee on Health; reintroduced again in 2007 and in
2009, each bill met the same fate as the earlier version. In
January 2017, President-Elect Donald Trump, who believes in a
link between autism and vaccination, appointed vaccine skeptic
Robert F. Kennedy Jr. to head a commission on vaccine safety.
In 2012 and 2013, the Advisory Committee on Immunization
Practices (ACIP) implemented a number of revisions, including
a recommendation that the flu vaccine is safe for all persons six
months and older. The ACIP also recommended eleven- and
9. twelve-year-old males should receive the HPV4 vaccine and that
a single dose of the meningococcal vaccination should be
administered to military recruits.
According to information presented by JAMA Pediatrics in
December 2012, a study of 190,000 women who had received
the human papillomavirus vaccine from Merck & Company (one
of the largest pharmaceutical manufacturers) revealed the
vaccine to be safe. The study, which was published in the
Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, found that 1.8
cases of skin infections out of 10,000 women did occur. Other
possible reactions included seizures and birth defects, but it is
not certain that these were direct side effects of the HPV
vaccine. Physicians and researchers believe these adverse
reactions were the result of pre-existing conditions or unrelated
conditions that occurred after the vaccine was administered.
Based on CDC data for 1998 to 2015, vaccination against MMR,
diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, hepatitis B, varicella, and
pneumococcal conjugate dipped around 2012-13 before
climbing again. Declines in MMR vaccination were linked to a
measles outbreak in California in 2014-15 and may be
contributing to a rising number of mumps cases: 5,748 cases in
2016, up from 229 in 2012.
These essays and any opinions, information or representations
contained therein are the creation of the particular author and
do not necessarily reflect the opinion of EBSCO Information
Services.
Bibliography
Books
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Health, United
States, 2016: With Chartbook on Long-Term Trends in Health.
National Center for Health Statistics, US Dept. of Health and
10. Human Services, 2017. CDC,
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Institute of Medicine. Immunization Safety Review: Vaccines
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Institute of Medicine. Vaccine Safety Research, Data Access
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Link. Kurt. The Vaccine Controversy: The History, Use, and
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World Health Organization. Vaccines: Preventing Disease and
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Bailey, Ronald. "Refusing Vaccination Puts Others at Risk."
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Joelving, Frederik. "HPV Vaccine Found Safe in Large
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found-safe-in-large-study-idUSBRE8901B820121001
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Osterholm, M. T. "Preparing for the Next Pandemic." New
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Parker, Amy. "Growing Up Unvaccinated." Slate. Slate Group, 6
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Preidt, Robert. "Research Shows No Link between Vaccinations,
Risk for Multiple Sclerosis." HealthDay News. HealthDay, 21
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Rappuoli, Rino. "Vaccines: Science, Health, Longevity, and
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Measles Outbreak in Years: Study." HealthDay. HealthDay, 20
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Shatsky, Mark. "Rotavirus Vaccine, Live, Oral, Pentavalent
(RotaTeq) for Prevention of Rotavirus Gastroenteritis."
American Family Physician. 74:6. (15 Sep. 2006): 2p. Online.
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Tozzi, John. "Vaccines Are Safe for Infants, but Don't Tell
Their Parents." Bloomberg Businessweek. Bloomberg, 10 Mar.
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safe-for-infants-but-dont-tell-their-parents .
Webster, Paul. "Polio's Last Stand." Maclean's. 118:36. (5 Sep.
2005): 2p. Online. EBSCO. 12 Dec. 2006.
Whiteside, John, Michael Grover, and Kristin Hitchcock.
"Should Patients Receive 23-valent Pneumococcal Vaccination
More Than Once?" Journal of Family Practice. 55:9. (Sep.
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Yang, Y. Tony, and Vicky Debold. "A Longitudinal Analysis of
the Effect of Nonmedical Exemption Law and Vaccine Uptake
on Vaccine-Targeted Disease Rates." American Journal of
Public Health 104.2 (2014): 371-77. Academic Search
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Brophy Marcus, Mary. "States with the Highest Child Vaccine
Rates." CBS News, CBS Interactive, 25 Apr. 2017,
www.cbsnews.com/news/states-child-vaccination-rates-mmr-
