Andrew Wakefield published a study in 1998 claiming a link between the MMR vaccine and autism. This led to reduced vaccination rates. An investigation found Wakefield committed ethical violations and distorted facts, and he was stripped of his medical license. Multiple large studies have found no link between the MMR vaccine and autism. Wakefield's claims have been fully discredited.
The Tuskegee syphilis experiment was an infamous clinical study conducted between 1932 and 1972 by the U.S. Public Health Service to study the natural progression of untreated syphilis in rural African American men who thought they were receiving free health care from the U.S. government
Role of Biostatistics in Clinical TrialsClinosolIndia
Biostatistics plays a crucial role in all phases of clinical trials, contributing to the design, analysis, interpretation, and reporting of study results. Biostatisticians collaborate with other researchers, clinicians, and experts to ensure that clinical trials are conducted with scientific rigor and that the data generated are meaningful and valid. Here's a breakdown of the key roles of biostatistics in clinical trials
This document provides guidance on developing a systematic and comprehensive search strategy for systematic reviews. It explains that a systematic search strategy is essential to capture all relevant studies on a topic. The strategy should include synonyms for key concepts, Boolean operators to combine terms, and subject headings from different databases. It provides an example of developing a search strategy based on turning a research question into PICO components and combining population, intervention, comparison, and outcome terms. The search strategy example spans multiple slides and databases to model a comprehensive approach.
Visit:www.acriindia.com
ACRI is a leading Clinical data management training Institute in Bangalore India.
ACRI creates a value add for every degree. Our PGDCRCDM course is approved by the Mysore University. Graduates and Post Graduates and even PhDs have trained with us and got enviable positions in the Clinical Research Industry. ACRI supplements University training with Industry based training, coupled with hands-on internships and projects based on real case studies. The ACRI brand gives the individual the confidence and expertise to join the ever-growing workforce both in the country and abroad.
A data management plan (DMP) ensures consistent and effective clinical data management practices throughout a clinical trial. The DMP describes all data management activities, responsibilities, and deliverables to promote agreement among parties. It not only describes the data management process, but also provides documentation of data handling for regulatory compliance. The DMP components include data flow, capture, setup, entry, transfer, processing, coding, safety data, external data, database locking and unlocking, archiving, and quality reports. It serves to plan, communicate, and reference all data management tasks during a study.
This document provides an overview and outline of a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for filing a Clinical Trial Application (CTA) to Health Canada. The SOP aims to facilitate successful CTA filing by providing tools, relevant links and standardized procedures. It discusses the contents and modules of a CTA, including an introduction, project charter, scope, stakeholders, types of clinical trials, application outline, quality management, standard operating procedures, and records. The overall goal is to create an SOP that guides CTA preparation and avoids discrepancies with Health Canada requirements.
The Tuskegee syphilis experiment was an infamous clinical study conducted between 1932 and 1972 by the U.S. Public Health Service to study the natural progression of untreated syphilis in rural African American men who thought they were receiving free health care from the U.S. government
Role of Biostatistics in Clinical TrialsClinosolIndia
Biostatistics plays a crucial role in all phases of clinical trials, contributing to the design, analysis, interpretation, and reporting of study results. Biostatisticians collaborate with other researchers, clinicians, and experts to ensure that clinical trials are conducted with scientific rigor and that the data generated are meaningful and valid. Here's a breakdown of the key roles of biostatistics in clinical trials
This document provides guidance on developing a systematic and comprehensive search strategy for systematic reviews. It explains that a systematic search strategy is essential to capture all relevant studies on a topic. The strategy should include synonyms for key concepts, Boolean operators to combine terms, and subject headings from different databases. It provides an example of developing a search strategy based on turning a research question into PICO components and combining population, intervention, comparison, and outcome terms. The search strategy example spans multiple slides and databases to model a comprehensive approach.
Visit:www.acriindia.com
ACRI is a leading Clinical data management training Institute in Bangalore India.
ACRI creates a value add for every degree. Our PGDCRCDM course is approved by the Mysore University. Graduates and Post Graduates and even PhDs have trained with us and got enviable positions in the Clinical Research Industry. ACRI supplements University training with Industry based training, coupled with hands-on internships and projects based on real case studies. The ACRI brand gives the individual the confidence and expertise to join the ever-growing workforce both in the country and abroad.
A data management plan (DMP) ensures consistent and effective clinical data management practices throughout a clinical trial. The DMP describes all data management activities, responsibilities, and deliverables to promote agreement among parties. It not only describes the data management process, but also provides documentation of data handling for regulatory compliance. The DMP components include data flow, capture, setup, entry, transfer, processing, coding, safety data, external data, database locking and unlocking, archiving, and quality reports. It serves to plan, communicate, and reference all data management tasks during a study.
This document provides an overview and outline of a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for filing a Clinical Trial Application (CTA) to Health Canada. The SOP aims to facilitate successful CTA filing by providing tools, relevant links and standardized procedures. It discusses the contents and modules of a CTA, including an introduction, project charter, scope, stakeholders, types of clinical trials, application outline, quality management, standard operating procedures, and records. The overall goal is to create an SOP that guides CTA preparation and avoids discrepancies with Health Canada requirements.
Vaccination - Need to Address the Serious Concernsjagchat01
Vaccinations have become controversial. Attempts are being made to silence critics without transparently addressing the core issues, thus putting subjects at great risk.
Nurses are often the frontline for educating parents and administering immunizations to children. However, the immunization-autism debate has led more parents to refuse vaccines due to safety concerns. The author argues that nurses should be better educated on the debate so they can inform parents of alternative schedules that involve fewer, more spread out vaccines as a compromise. A poll by the author found that over 50% of respondents who believe vaccines may cause autism would choose an alternative schedule. Offering parents realistic options and education may increase immunization rates while also addressing legitimate safety fears.
Vaccines & Health Hazards Overview.AuthorsBallarlo, Beverly.docxjessiehampson
Vaccines & Health Hazards: Overview.
Authors:
Ballarlo, Beverly
Sprague, Nancy
Source:
Points of View: Vaccines & Health Hazards. 2017, p1-1. 1p.
Document Type:
Article
Subjects:
VACCINATION of children
VACCINES
SUDDEN infant death syndrome
VACCINATION complications
PREVENTIVE medicine
Geographic Terms:
UNITED StatesReport Available
Abstract:
The article examines the debate over the effectiveness and safety of vaccination. Despite efforts by U.S. health agencies, major medical associations and practicing clinicians to convince parents of keeping their children's immunizations up to date, some parents and critics continue to have doubts about the benefits of having children vaccinated. Causal links between certain vaccines and diseases, such as the diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis (DTP) vaccine and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), have been reported.
Lexile:
1570
Full Text Word Count:
2425
ISBN:
9781429817660
Accession Number:
23761083
Vaccines & Health Hazards: Overview
Full Text
Related Items
Vaccines Save Lives.
Vaccines: Caution Advised.
Vaccines & Health Hazards: Guide to Critical Analysis.
The new flu needle uses a smaller needle to deliver flu vaccines under the skin
STICKING IT TO DISEASE.
Choose a Topic.
Evaluate a Website.
Write a Topic Sentence.
How To Understand the Bias of a Publication
CURRICULUM STANDARDS--U.S.
The mainstream American medical establishment has long contended that the public health benefits of vaccines--to prevent such diseases as diphtheria, tetanus (lockjaw) pertussis (whooping cough), polio, rubella, measles, mumps, hepatitis B, varicella (chickenpox), and influenza--heavily outweigh the relatively small risks associated with such preventive measures. Officials from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), most major medical associations, and the vast majority of practicing clinicians have invested significant energy in a campaign to convince parents to keep their children's immunizations up to date.
For a small but persistent number of parents and advocates, however, the wisdom of inoculating children against certain common childhood diseases remains suspect. According to these critics, vaccines may cause serious side effects or even prove fatal. Some believe that simultaneously giving a child multiple vaccinations for different diseases can overtax an immature immune system and produce lasting damage.
Opponents of mandatory vaccinations have suggested causal links between the DTP (diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis) vaccine and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), the MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella) vaccine and Crohn's disease, the hepatitis B vaccine and multiple sclerosis (MS), and between the pertussis (whooping cough) vaccine and brain damage.
The greatest controversy in the vaccine safety debate, however, has swirled around some parents' passionate conviction of a link between the MMR vaccine and autism. Based on the ...
This document discusses various health issues affecting society such as neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases, cancers, and mental health disorders. It attributes the rise of these non-communicable diseases to factors like toxic food, lack of activity, toxic medical care, and toxic lifestyles. Various studies and data are presented arguing that vaccines, pharmaceutical drugs, and modern western diets high in processed foods and industrial oils are significant contributing causes of the growing chronic disease burden through their toxic and epigenetic effects. Alternative views of health, disease, and medical treatment are proposed focusing on homeostasis, allostasis, and lifestyle-based primary prevention approaches.
This document discusses the risks of vaccines and mandates for vaccination. It summarizes that where there are risks, individuals should have the choice to accept those risks. It notes that vaccine makers have no liability for injuries caused by "unavoidably unsafe" vaccines. Statistics are presented on payouts from the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program totaling over $3 billion. Concerns raised include lack of long-term safety studies, risks of adjuvants like aluminum, and vaccine failures resulting in outbreaks among vaccinated populations. The document argues that individuals who choose not to vaccinate for reasons of conscience pose no greater public health risk than those who are vaccinated.
This document summarizes a research proposal that aims to test the hypothesis that childhood vaccinations cause autism. The study would examine mercury levels in the urine of children at different age groups and time intervals following the MMR vaccination, to determine if higher mercury is associated with autism. The proposal provides background on autism rates increasing, the discredited Wakefield study linking MMR and autism, and reviews previous studies on thimerosal and mercury that both support and contradict the hypothesized link to vaccinations. The proposed methodology would collect urine samples from 18 children divided into age groups around the time of first MMR vaccination, to measure mercury levels at different time points following vaccination.
This document provides an overview of arguments for and against requiring vaccinations for children. It outlines the key pro arguments that vaccines have greatly reduced deaths from diseases like smallpox, measles, and polio. Major medical organizations affirm the safety of vaccines. Adverse reactions are extremely rare. Vaccines also protect vulnerable groups through "herd immunity." The document aims to guide students in evaluating both sides of the issue to form their own evidence-based conclusions.
Kelley King Heyworth, Vaccines The Reality Behind the Debate, P.docxDIPESH30
Kelley King Heyworth, "Vaccines: The Reality Behind the Debate," Parents, May 2010. Reprinted by permission.
"We have to move forward and be willing to accept what science tells us: Vaccines do not cause autism."
In the following viewpoint, Kelley King Heyworth reports that the medical community is overwhelmingly supportive of childhood vaccinations. Heyworth believes that despite a growing movement that insists on a causal connection between vaccinations and autism, evidence refutes this claim. As one doctor explains in Heyworth's viewpoint, there is more likely a coincidental link between immunization schedules and diagnoses of autism because the disease tends to arise when children are young—around the same ages that they are receiving vaccinations. Heyworth warns that refusing vaccination for fear of autism endangers the unvaccinated child and the whole community because formerly controlled diseases such as measles and whooping cough have reemerged in unvaccinated populations. Kelley King Heyworth is a writer who has written for Parents and Sports Illustrated magazines. She is married to a medical researcher.
As you read, consider the following questions:
1. As Heyworth writes, what mercury-containing preservative in vaccines did Andrew Wakefield argue might push infants' mercury exposure beyond safe limits?
2. According to the author, what happened to Wakefield's notorious publication in February 2010?
3. As Heyworth reports, why did the drug manufacturer Merck recall certain lots of the Hib vaccine distributed in 2007?
As Summer Estall approached her first birthday, her mom, Lisa, had more on her mind than party plans. Summer was about to receive not only cake, and presents, but also—surprise!—her fourth round of shots in ten months. "Her last vaccinations had been tough," says Estall, of Grand Forks, North Dakota. "She was her usual happy self after being examined by the doctor, but then we were called into a room where two nurses were both holding long needles. They told me to lay Summer on the table, pull her pants down, and pin down her arms. Of course, she started to scream, and it felt like I was preparing her for torture. By the time the nurses got the Band-Aids on, Summer seemed to be okay—but I was a wreck."
However, it wasn't just the painful pricks that worried Estall about her daughter's 12-month shots. "Everywhere I go, someone's talking about the danger of vaccines," she says. "There are moms posting about their kids' side effects on just about every online parenting forum. The other day I had coffee with two friends, and one of them said she wasn't vaccinating her kids. I can't help but wonder: Should I really be injecting a healthy child with these things?"
Medical Community Supports Vaccination
The answer from the vast majority of medical experts is a resounding "yes." The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommend that healthy children get vaccinated again ...
Franklin D. Roosevelt contracted polio in 1921 and was left paralyzed, but went on to become a transformative US president. The polio vaccine, developed in the 1950s, nearly eradicated the disease but outbreaks are increasing again due to falling vaccination rates. Some parents are opting out of vaccinating their children due to unfounded fears that vaccines cause autism or other harms, despite clear scientific evidence that vaccines are safe. When vaccination rates fall below 95%, "herd immunity" is lost, putting many lives at risk, including those who cannot be vaccinated such as newborns or the immunocompromised. Recent outbreaks of diseases like measles and whooping cough highlight the dangers
The document discusses several key points regarding vaccination and health outcomes:
- A study is being conducted comparing rates of chronic illnesses like autism, ADHD, and diabetes between vaccinated and unvaccinated homeschool children. Preliminary research found about 15% of homeschoolers are unvaccinated, providing a large sample size.
- The study aims to test the hypothesis that there are no differences in illness prevalence between the groups, and determine what factors are most associated with selected conditions.
- The study is a partnership between Jackson State University and the National Home Education Research Institute. It has been reviewed and approved by the IRB at Jackson State.
PA 513 Lisa Lasker Policy and Evaluation FinalLisa Lasker
The document proposes repealing the 1986 National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act and restructuring the childhood vaccine schedule. This would reduce healthcare costs, return liability to vaccine manufacturers, and increase GDP by improving population health and productivity. Mandating vaccination violates personal rights to refuse medical procedures. Recent evidence suggests current vaccine policies may be harming public health by overloading infants' immune systems and contributing to increased rates of autism and other neurological disorders. Further study of vaccine safety is needed, especially the potential long-term health impacts of ingredients like aluminum and mercury adjuvants.
AAC Family Wellness (NY) - Vaccine Talk 2014stellablue
This document provides information about vaccines to help parents make informed choices. It discusses the history of vaccines and the rising vaccination schedule. Some key facts presented include that immune systems are not mature at birth and vaccines contain neurotoxins. Statistics are provided showing rising rates of chronic illnesses in children. The effectiveness and safety of certain vaccines is questioned. Natural immunity is compared to acquired immunity from vaccines. The document encourages examining risks and benefits of individual vaccines and knowing your legal rights to exemptions.
This document summarizes a research paper about demographics of the anti-vaxxer movement. It finds that anti-vaxxers tend to be white, upper-middle class Americans who can afford to take health risks by not vaccinating their children. Literature reviewed found no link between vaccines and autism, though one flawed early study is often cited by anti-vaxxers. Later studies showed vaccines effectively eliminate diseases without causing autism or other issues. Anti-vaxx views spread online through misleading use of facts. Overall, the paper argues vaccines provide major public health benefits by preventing deadly diseases.
The document discusses Andrew Wakefield, a former British surgeon who in 1998 first suggested a link between the MMR vaccine and autism in a study. While the study has since been discredited and retracted, it sparked significant controversy. The timeline outlines subsequent studies that found no evidence of such a link, as well as Wakefield losing support from colleagues. It discusses the ongoing debate around vaccinating children and Wakefield's continued claims of a connection despite scientific consensus against it.
- The document discusses debates around the MMR vaccination, including arguments for and against its use. It explores the history of vaccination and the success it has had in reducing disease. However, concerns have been raised about links between the MMR vaccine and autism. A 1998 study by Andrew Wakefield suggested such a link, though subsequent studies have failed to replicate this finding. The MMR vaccine saw reduced uptake in the UK due to these autism concerns.
The document discusses various topics related to vaccine safety concerns. It provides information on:
- Common myths and misconceptions about vaccine safety that confuse parents.
- Scientific studies that have found no link between vaccines and autism or other conditions.
- Ongoing monitoring of vaccine safety through systems like VAERS and studies of potential adverse effects.
- Continued recommendation of vaccines by health organizations due to the overwhelming scientific evidence that vaccines are safe and effective.
Wakefield conducted a study of 12 children with both bowel disease and autism to determine if the MMR vaccine caused autism. However, his study had major flaws - it had a small sample size, did not include a control group, and relied on parental memory rather than objective data. Many later studies were unable to replicate Wakefield's findings and found no link between vaccines and autism. An investigation found Wakefield falsified data and failed to disclose conflicts of interest. His claims led to a drop in vaccination rates and measles outbreaks.
Doctors have an ethical obligation to educate parents about the importance of vaccinating children against measles. While parents have the right to refuse vaccines, this puts other children at risk. Doctors should try to convince hesitant parents but may dismiss families that refuse, as unvaccinated patients endanger others. Media coverage of discredited claims linking vaccines to autism has contributed to rising exemption rates and growing measles risks in the US. Doctors must protect their patients and communities from preventable diseases.
Many anti-vaccination campaigners claim that vaccines are having detrimental effects on our bodies. But what is the scientific evidence for their claims? This presentation discusses the science, the risks and the myths surrounding vaccines and their effects on individuals.
The document discusses the history and effectiveness of measles vaccination programs in the United States and other countries. It notes that measles outbreaks were reported even in fully vaccinated populations in the early 1980s. Some studies found that measles vaccines were not provoking a proper immune response or providing long-lasting immunity. A CDC whistleblower later revealed that a 2004 study had found that the MMR vaccine was linked to a 340% increased risk of autism in African American boys under 3 years old, but this data was covered up by the CDC.
Vaccination - Need to Address the Serious Concernsjagchat01
Vaccinations have become controversial. Attempts are being made to silence critics without transparently addressing the core issues, thus putting subjects at great risk.
Nurses are often the frontline for educating parents and administering immunizations to children. However, the immunization-autism debate has led more parents to refuse vaccines due to safety concerns. The author argues that nurses should be better educated on the debate so they can inform parents of alternative schedules that involve fewer, more spread out vaccines as a compromise. A poll by the author found that over 50% of respondents who believe vaccines may cause autism would choose an alternative schedule. Offering parents realistic options and education may increase immunization rates while also addressing legitimate safety fears.
Vaccines & Health Hazards Overview.AuthorsBallarlo, Beverly.docxjessiehampson
Vaccines & Health Hazards: Overview.
Authors:
Ballarlo, Beverly
Sprague, Nancy
Source:
Points of View: Vaccines & Health Hazards. 2017, p1-1. 1p.
Document Type:
Article
Subjects:
VACCINATION of children
VACCINES
SUDDEN infant death syndrome
VACCINATION complications
PREVENTIVE medicine
Geographic Terms:
UNITED StatesReport Available
Abstract:
The article examines the debate over the effectiveness and safety of vaccination. Despite efforts by U.S. health agencies, major medical associations and practicing clinicians to convince parents of keeping their children's immunizations up to date, some parents and critics continue to have doubts about the benefits of having children vaccinated. Causal links between certain vaccines and diseases, such as the diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis (DTP) vaccine and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), have been reported.
Lexile:
1570
Full Text Word Count:
2425
ISBN:
9781429817660
Accession Number:
23761083
Vaccines & Health Hazards: Overview
Full Text
Related Items
Vaccines Save Lives.
Vaccines: Caution Advised.
Vaccines & Health Hazards: Guide to Critical Analysis.
The new flu needle uses a smaller needle to deliver flu vaccines under the skin
STICKING IT TO DISEASE.
Choose a Topic.
Evaluate a Website.
Write a Topic Sentence.
How To Understand the Bias of a Publication
CURRICULUM STANDARDS--U.S.
The mainstream American medical establishment has long contended that the public health benefits of vaccines--to prevent such diseases as diphtheria, tetanus (lockjaw) pertussis (whooping cough), polio, rubella, measles, mumps, hepatitis B, varicella (chickenpox), and influenza--heavily outweigh the relatively small risks associated with such preventive measures. Officials from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), most major medical associations, and the vast majority of practicing clinicians have invested significant energy in a campaign to convince parents to keep their children's immunizations up to date.
For a small but persistent number of parents and advocates, however, the wisdom of inoculating children against certain common childhood diseases remains suspect. According to these critics, vaccines may cause serious side effects or even prove fatal. Some believe that simultaneously giving a child multiple vaccinations for different diseases can overtax an immature immune system and produce lasting damage.
Opponents of mandatory vaccinations have suggested causal links between the DTP (diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis) vaccine and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), the MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella) vaccine and Crohn's disease, the hepatitis B vaccine and multiple sclerosis (MS), and between the pertussis (whooping cough) vaccine and brain damage.
The greatest controversy in the vaccine safety debate, however, has swirled around some parents' passionate conviction of a link between the MMR vaccine and autism. Based on the ...
This document discusses various health issues affecting society such as neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases, cancers, and mental health disorders. It attributes the rise of these non-communicable diseases to factors like toxic food, lack of activity, toxic medical care, and toxic lifestyles. Various studies and data are presented arguing that vaccines, pharmaceutical drugs, and modern western diets high in processed foods and industrial oils are significant contributing causes of the growing chronic disease burden through their toxic and epigenetic effects. Alternative views of health, disease, and medical treatment are proposed focusing on homeostasis, allostasis, and lifestyle-based primary prevention approaches.
This document discusses the risks of vaccines and mandates for vaccination. It summarizes that where there are risks, individuals should have the choice to accept those risks. It notes that vaccine makers have no liability for injuries caused by "unavoidably unsafe" vaccines. Statistics are presented on payouts from the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program totaling over $3 billion. Concerns raised include lack of long-term safety studies, risks of adjuvants like aluminum, and vaccine failures resulting in outbreaks among vaccinated populations. The document argues that individuals who choose not to vaccinate for reasons of conscience pose no greater public health risk than those who are vaccinated.
This document summarizes a research proposal that aims to test the hypothesis that childhood vaccinations cause autism. The study would examine mercury levels in the urine of children at different age groups and time intervals following the MMR vaccination, to determine if higher mercury is associated with autism. The proposal provides background on autism rates increasing, the discredited Wakefield study linking MMR and autism, and reviews previous studies on thimerosal and mercury that both support and contradict the hypothesized link to vaccinations. The proposed methodology would collect urine samples from 18 children divided into age groups around the time of first MMR vaccination, to measure mercury levels at different time points following vaccination.
This document provides an overview of arguments for and against requiring vaccinations for children. It outlines the key pro arguments that vaccines have greatly reduced deaths from diseases like smallpox, measles, and polio. Major medical organizations affirm the safety of vaccines. Adverse reactions are extremely rare. Vaccines also protect vulnerable groups through "herd immunity." The document aims to guide students in evaluating both sides of the issue to form their own evidence-based conclusions.
Kelley King Heyworth, Vaccines The Reality Behind the Debate, P.docxDIPESH30
Kelley King Heyworth, "Vaccines: The Reality Behind the Debate," Parents, May 2010. Reprinted by permission.
"We have to move forward and be willing to accept what science tells us: Vaccines do not cause autism."
In the following viewpoint, Kelley King Heyworth reports that the medical community is overwhelmingly supportive of childhood vaccinations. Heyworth believes that despite a growing movement that insists on a causal connection between vaccinations and autism, evidence refutes this claim. As one doctor explains in Heyworth's viewpoint, there is more likely a coincidental link between immunization schedules and diagnoses of autism because the disease tends to arise when children are young—around the same ages that they are receiving vaccinations. Heyworth warns that refusing vaccination for fear of autism endangers the unvaccinated child and the whole community because formerly controlled diseases such as measles and whooping cough have reemerged in unvaccinated populations. Kelley King Heyworth is a writer who has written for Parents and Sports Illustrated magazines. She is married to a medical researcher.
As you read, consider the following questions:
1. As Heyworth writes, what mercury-containing preservative in vaccines did Andrew Wakefield argue might push infants' mercury exposure beyond safe limits?
2. According to the author, what happened to Wakefield's notorious publication in February 2010?
3. As Heyworth reports, why did the drug manufacturer Merck recall certain lots of the Hib vaccine distributed in 2007?
As Summer Estall approached her first birthday, her mom, Lisa, had more on her mind than party plans. Summer was about to receive not only cake, and presents, but also—surprise!—her fourth round of shots in ten months. "Her last vaccinations had been tough," says Estall, of Grand Forks, North Dakota. "She was her usual happy self after being examined by the doctor, but then we were called into a room where two nurses were both holding long needles. They told me to lay Summer on the table, pull her pants down, and pin down her arms. Of course, she started to scream, and it felt like I was preparing her for torture. By the time the nurses got the Band-Aids on, Summer seemed to be okay—but I was a wreck."
However, it wasn't just the painful pricks that worried Estall about her daughter's 12-month shots. "Everywhere I go, someone's talking about the danger of vaccines," she says. "There are moms posting about their kids' side effects on just about every online parenting forum. The other day I had coffee with two friends, and one of them said she wasn't vaccinating her kids. I can't help but wonder: Should I really be injecting a healthy child with these things?"
Medical Community Supports Vaccination
The answer from the vast majority of medical experts is a resounding "yes." The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommend that healthy children get vaccinated again ...
Franklin D. Roosevelt contracted polio in 1921 and was left paralyzed, but went on to become a transformative US president. The polio vaccine, developed in the 1950s, nearly eradicated the disease but outbreaks are increasing again due to falling vaccination rates. Some parents are opting out of vaccinating their children due to unfounded fears that vaccines cause autism or other harms, despite clear scientific evidence that vaccines are safe. When vaccination rates fall below 95%, "herd immunity" is lost, putting many lives at risk, including those who cannot be vaccinated such as newborns or the immunocompromised. Recent outbreaks of diseases like measles and whooping cough highlight the dangers
The document discusses several key points regarding vaccination and health outcomes:
- A study is being conducted comparing rates of chronic illnesses like autism, ADHD, and diabetes between vaccinated and unvaccinated homeschool children. Preliminary research found about 15% of homeschoolers are unvaccinated, providing a large sample size.
- The study aims to test the hypothesis that there are no differences in illness prevalence between the groups, and determine what factors are most associated with selected conditions.
- The study is a partnership between Jackson State University and the National Home Education Research Institute. It has been reviewed and approved by the IRB at Jackson State.
PA 513 Lisa Lasker Policy and Evaluation FinalLisa Lasker
The document proposes repealing the 1986 National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act and restructuring the childhood vaccine schedule. This would reduce healthcare costs, return liability to vaccine manufacturers, and increase GDP by improving population health and productivity. Mandating vaccination violates personal rights to refuse medical procedures. Recent evidence suggests current vaccine policies may be harming public health by overloading infants' immune systems and contributing to increased rates of autism and other neurological disorders. Further study of vaccine safety is needed, especially the potential long-term health impacts of ingredients like aluminum and mercury adjuvants.
AAC Family Wellness (NY) - Vaccine Talk 2014stellablue
This document provides information about vaccines to help parents make informed choices. It discusses the history of vaccines and the rising vaccination schedule. Some key facts presented include that immune systems are not mature at birth and vaccines contain neurotoxins. Statistics are provided showing rising rates of chronic illnesses in children. The effectiveness and safety of certain vaccines is questioned. Natural immunity is compared to acquired immunity from vaccines. The document encourages examining risks and benefits of individual vaccines and knowing your legal rights to exemptions.
This document summarizes a research paper about demographics of the anti-vaxxer movement. It finds that anti-vaxxers tend to be white, upper-middle class Americans who can afford to take health risks by not vaccinating their children. Literature reviewed found no link between vaccines and autism, though one flawed early study is often cited by anti-vaxxers. Later studies showed vaccines effectively eliminate diseases without causing autism or other issues. Anti-vaxx views spread online through misleading use of facts. Overall, the paper argues vaccines provide major public health benefits by preventing deadly diseases.
The document discusses Andrew Wakefield, a former British surgeon who in 1998 first suggested a link between the MMR vaccine and autism in a study. While the study has since been discredited and retracted, it sparked significant controversy. The timeline outlines subsequent studies that found no evidence of such a link, as well as Wakefield losing support from colleagues. It discusses the ongoing debate around vaccinating children and Wakefield's continued claims of a connection despite scientific consensus against it.
- The document discusses debates around the MMR vaccination, including arguments for and against its use. It explores the history of vaccination and the success it has had in reducing disease. However, concerns have been raised about links between the MMR vaccine and autism. A 1998 study by Andrew Wakefield suggested such a link, though subsequent studies have failed to replicate this finding. The MMR vaccine saw reduced uptake in the UK due to these autism concerns.
The document discusses various topics related to vaccine safety concerns. It provides information on:
- Common myths and misconceptions about vaccine safety that confuse parents.
- Scientific studies that have found no link between vaccines and autism or other conditions.
- Ongoing monitoring of vaccine safety through systems like VAERS and studies of potential adverse effects.
- Continued recommendation of vaccines by health organizations due to the overwhelming scientific evidence that vaccines are safe and effective.
Wakefield conducted a study of 12 children with both bowel disease and autism to determine if the MMR vaccine caused autism. However, his study had major flaws - it had a small sample size, did not include a control group, and relied on parental memory rather than objective data. Many later studies were unable to replicate Wakefield's findings and found no link between vaccines and autism. An investigation found Wakefield falsified data and failed to disclose conflicts of interest. His claims led to a drop in vaccination rates and measles outbreaks.
Doctors have an ethical obligation to educate parents about the importance of vaccinating children against measles. While parents have the right to refuse vaccines, this puts other children at risk. Doctors should try to convince hesitant parents but may dismiss families that refuse, as unvaccinated patients endanger others. Media coverage of discredited claims linking vaccines to autism has contributed to rising exemption rates and growing measles risks in the US. Doctors must protect their patients and communities from preventable diseases.
Many anti-vaccination campaigners claim that vaccines are having detrimental effects on our bodies. But what is the scientific evidence for their claims? This presentation discusses the science, the risks and the myths surrounding vaccines and their effects on individuals.
The document discusses the history and effectiveness of measles vaccination programs in the United States and other countries. It notes that measles outbreaks were reported even in fully vaccinated populations in the early 1980s. Some studies found that measles vaccines were not provoking a proper immune response or providing long-lasting immunity. A CDC whistleblower later revealed that a 2004 study had found that the MMR vaccine was linked to a 340% increased risk of autism in African American boys under 3 years old, but this data was covered up by the CDC.
2. Who is Andrew Wakefield?
Born 1956
Former British surgeon and researcher
St Mary’s Medical School London Qualified 1981
Became fellow of the Royal College of surgeons in 1985
Continued studies at University of Toronto
became a transplant surgeon
specializing in small intestine transplantation
Became senior lecturer and honorary consultant in gastroentology
Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine
3. While researching Chron’s disease, approached by Rosemary Kessick (1995)
Parent of autistic son seeking help with his bowel problems and Autism
Kessick runs Allergy Induced Autism
Focuses on effects of diet on autistic children’s behavior
Lead author of study published in 1998:
Wakefield AJ, Murch SH, Anthony A, et al. “Ileal-lymphoid-nodular hyperplasia,
non-specific colitis, and pervasive developmental disorder in children”. Lancet 351
(9103): 637–41 (1998).
4. His Claims
Parents of 8 of the 12 participants made a temporal link to their child’s behavioral abnormalities
with the administration of the MMR vaccine
"We did not prove an association between measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine and the
syndrome described,“ In his 1998 paper published in The Lancet
However in a later press conference, Wakefield suggested that parents space out three separate
vaccines instead of the multiple MMR vaccine administered in a single dose
Claimed Mesles infections obtained from vaccine causes Autism.
Twenty Twenty Interview, Feb 4, 1998: on the MMR vaccine
• INTERVIEWER: …do the advantages of continuing with the vaccines outweigh the disadvantages of
a problem developing if you, if you continue to have them?
• DR ANDREW WAKEFIELD: Well I think it’s a very complex question. Certainly if you continue, as I
would recommend to use the single vaccine, you do not incur a greater risk of those diseases in the
children, so that you do not lose the benefits of vaccination if you space them over time.
• INTERVIEWER: (CUTS) So even measles?
• DR ANDREW WAKEFIELD: Well as yet we don’t know, but there is no doubt that if you give three
viruses together, three live viruses, then you potentially increase the risk of an adverse event
occurring, particularly when one of those viruses influences the immune system in the way that
measles does. And it may be, and studies will show this or not, that giving the measles on its own
reduces the risk of this particular syndrome developing.
6. Outcome?
Reduced vaccinations in UK and all over the world.
Before Wakefield published: UK MMR vaccination rates were 92%
After publishing: UK MMR vaccination rates dropped below 80%
Thomas J. Paranoia Strikes Deep: MMR Vaccine and Autism. Psychiatric Times. 2010;27(3):1-6
7. Autism
What is autism? According to the NIH National Institute for
Neurological Disorders and Stroke:
“Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a range of complex
neurodevelopment disorders, characterized by social
impairments, communication difficulties, and restricted,
repetitive, and stereotyped patterns of behavior.”
http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/autism/detail_autism.htm
8. How is autism diagnosed?
(Taken from NIH National Institute for Neurological Disorders and Stroke)
ASD varies widely in severity and symptoms and may go unrecognized, especially in mildly affected
children or when it is masked by more debilitating handicaps. Very early indicators that require
evaluation by an expert include:
• no babbling or pointing by age 1
• no single words by 16 months or two-word phrases by age 2
• no response to name
• loss of language or social skills
• poor eye contact
• excessive lining up of toys or objects
• no smiling or social responsiveness.
Later indicators include:
• impaired ability to make friends with peers
• impaired ability to initiate or sustain a conversation with others
• absence or impairment of imaginative and social play
• stereotyped, repetitive, or unusual use of language
• restricted patterns of interest that are abnormal in intensity or focus
• preoccupation with certain objects or subjects
• inflexible adherence to specific routines or rituals.
http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/autism/detail_autism.htm
9. Measles Mumps and Rubella Vaccine
Licensed in US in 1971
Second dose introduced 1989
Banatvala JE, Brown DW (2004). "Rubella".
Lancet 363 (9415): 1127–37.
Vaccine contains three attenuated virus
strains
Measles and Mumps propagated in chick embryo
cell culture
Attenuvax Product Sheet. Merck & Co., 2006
Mumpsvax Product Sheet. Merck & Co., 1999
Rubella propagated in WI-38 human diploid lung
fibroblasts
Package Insert, Meruvax II. Merck & Co., 2006
“That stung a little”
10. The first 20 years alone of measles vaccination
prevented an estimated:
52 million infections
17,400 cases of mental retardation
5,200 deaths
Bloch AB, Orenstein WA, Stetler HC et al. (1985). "Health impact of measles vaccination in
the United States". Pediatrics 76 (4): 524–32.
11. Between 1999 and 2004, efforts to increase
measles vaccination coverage by the WHO and
UNICEF prevented an estimated 1.4 million
deaths worldwide.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2006). “Progress In Reducing Global Measles
Deaths, 1999-2004”. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 55 (9): 247–9.
12. Measles cases reported in the United States, 1944-Cases 1944-1993 are reported in:
Centers for Disease Control and Preventi21, 1994 for Morbidity and Mortality Weekly
Report 1993; 42 (No. 53)
Cases 1976-2007 are reported in: Centers diseases—United States, [2007] Published July 9,
2009 for Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 2007; 56 (No. 53)
16. Thimerosal!! www.drugs.com
Ethyl Organomercury compound, (was) used as preservative in vaccines
In one 1928 incident, 12 of 21 children vaccinated for Diptheria with a vaccine without any preservative died
from a Staph infection. (FDA)
Doesn’t reduce vaccine effectiveness like current (at the time) preservatives
Studies show it is safer than inorganic or methyl organomercury
US began removing it from vaccines as a precaution in 1999
Removed from all childhood vaccines except influenza by 2001
Currently only found in Flu vaccine (trace amounts)
Appears to be cleared by body after some time (weeks)
Clarkson TW, Magos L (2006). "The toxicology of mercury and
its Chemical compounds". Crit Rev Toxicol 36 (8): 609–62.
17. Studies:
Stokstad E, Science 12 September 2003:
Vol. 301. no. 5639, pp. 1454 - 1455
Danish Study
Study done in Japan
18. Additional Yokohama Study data
,
Hideo Honda, et al., No Effect of MMR Withdrawal on the Incidence of Autism: a
Total Population Study. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 46:6 (2005),
pp 572–579
19. Another Danish Study
Another Danish Study
“Thimerosal and the Occurrence of Autism: Negative Ecological Evidence from Danish Population-
Based Data” Pediatrics, Kreesten M. Madsen, MD (September 2003)
21. UK Study
James A Kaye, et al., Mumps, Mmeasles, and Rubella Vaccine and the Incidence of Autism Recorded by General Practitioners: A Time Trend
Analysis. BMJ Volume 322. 24 February, 2001
22. Loring Dales, et al., Time Trends in Autism and in MMR Immunization Coverage in
California. JAMA. 2001;285(9):1183-1185
23. CDC, WHO, NIH, NEJM, and dozens of others,
report that there is no correlation between
Autism and the MMR vaccine
24. Any Support for Wakefield?
http://jennymccarthyimages.blogspot.com/ http://www.zuguide.com/blog/2008/12/05/yes-man-aka-
liar-liar-part-ii/
25. 14studies.org
• About Us
• This website was compiled by the founders of Generation
Rescue, Jenny McCarthy’s autism organization. Generation
Rescue is a parent-founded and parent-led non-profit
organization with more than 1,000 parent volunteers all
over the world.
• The Generation Rescue website provides a wealth of
information about autism. Please consider taking the time
to learn more about: biomedical intervention, finding a
doctor, finding a rescue angel, learning about the success
stories of others, and learning about vaccinating safely.
• For more information, check out
www.generationrescue.org
26. Actually, Wakefield’s paper was retracted by the Lancet
The Lancet, Volume 375, Issue 9713, Page 445, 6 February 2010 (retraction)
Controversy arose as soon as his study was published
Increased when the UK made no plans or efforts to offer a single
vaccine alternative
Wakefield left the Royal Free Hospital blaming the unpopularity
of his results in 2001
Continued clinical research in US with controversial researcher
Jeff Bradstreet
27. Allegations of misconduct presented in the Sunday Times
(London) or Channel 4 by investigator Brian Deer
Date reported:
Feb 2004: Some of parents in study were recruited by a UK lawyer preparing a lawsuit
against the MMR manufacturers
24 hrs prior to release of Sunday Times report: Lancet retracts an interpretation in the
paper and state that Wakefield’s research is “fatally flawed.” 10 of 12 coauthors
involved in retraction
November 2004: Prior to paper’s release Wakefield filed patent application for a single
measles virus.
Wakefield files Libel charges against “everyone.” but has his actions frozen until General
Medical Council proceedings against him conclude. He was forced to pursue charges or
drop them.
November 2005: Channel 4 lawyers submit pleadings to the court:
28. (i) Had dishonestly and irresponsibly spread fear that the MMR vaccine might
cause autism in some children, even though he knew that his own
laboratory's tests dramatically contradicted his claims and he knew or ought
to have known that there was absolutely no scientific basis at all for his belief
that MMR should be broken up into single vaccines.
(ii) In spreading such fear, also acted dishonestly and irresponsibly, by
repeatedly failing to disclose conflicts of interest and/or material information,
including his association with contemplated litigation against the
manufacturers of MMR and his application for a patent for a vaccine for
measles which, if effective, and if the MMR vaccine had been undermined
and/or withdrawn on safety grounds, would have been commercially very
valuable.
(iii) Caused medical colleagues serious unease by carrying out research
tests on vulnerable children outside the terms or in breach of the permission
given by an ethics committee, in particular by subjecting those children to
highly invasive and sometimes distressing clinical procedures and thereby
abusing them.
(iv) Has been unremittingly evasive and dishonest in an effort to cover up his
wrong-doing.
29. Proceedings continued for two years until:
Reported December 2006: A figure from the Legal Services Commission
showed that Wakefield received £435,643 from lawyers responsible for
MMR lawsuit (previously undisclosed), payments began two years prior to
paper’s release
Within ten days Wakefield dropped his libel charges and was forced to pay
Channel 4’s legal fees
UK GMC charged Wakefield with serious professional misconduct, including
dishonesty, hearings began 2007
January 28, 2010 Wakefield found guilty of all charges
Data fixing, caused life-threatening complications in one participant,
improper recruitment of participants, invasive procedures performed
without proper approval and contrary to participants interests, etc……
the list goes on
31. Future thoughts
Total number of vaccines?
Autism Linked to Juandice?
US News & World Report, MSNBC, etc.
Based off of studies in Denmark
Fetal stem cell links?
Maternal Antibodies contribution?
Singer HS, etal., Antibodies against fetal brain in sera of mothers with autistic children.
J Neuroimmunol. 2008 Feb;194(1-2):165-72. Epub 2008 Feb 21