Vaccination process & methods of Preparation
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
1 like•470 views
Vaccination process Types of vaccines methods of Preparation Vaccines formulation Quality Control test
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Ch parenteral dosage form & its classification
parenteral dosage form
its classification
advantages & disadvantages
parenteral routes
general requirements
official types of injections
preformulation studies
parenterals vehicles
formulation of parenterals
water for injection
small volume parenterals
large volume parenterals
labeling
packaging
test for packaging
storage of parenterals
Expt. 11 Determination of acute eye irritation corrosion of a test substance
Objective
Principle
Requirements
Procedure
Observation table
Result and interpretation
Expt. 6 Bioassay of histamine using guinea pig ileum by matching method
Objective
Principle
Requirements
Experimental specifications (conditions)
Preparation of histamine standard solution
Preparation of Tyrode solution (PSS)
Procedure
Kymograph recording of contractions
Observation table
Calculation
Result and interpretation
Tetracyclines
Tetracyclines: Tetracycline, Oxytetracycline, Chlortetracycline, Minocycline, Doxycycline
Recommended
Ch parenteral dosage form & its classification
parenteral dosage form
its classification
advantages & disadvantages
parenteral routes
general requirements
official types of injections
preformulation studies
parenterals vehicles
formulation of parenterals
water for injection
small volume parenterals
large volume parenterals
labeling
packaging
test for packaging
storage of parenterals
Expt. 11 Determination of acute eye irritation corrosion of a test substance
Objective
Principle
Requirements
Procedure
Observation table
Result and interpretation
Expt. 6 Bioassay of histamine using guinea pig ileum by matching method
Objective
Principle
Requirements
Experimental specifications (conditions)
Preparation of histamine standard solution
Preparation of Tyrode solution (PSS)
Procedure
Kymograph recording of contractions
Observation table
Calculation
Result and interpretation
Tetracyclines
Tetracyclines: Tetracycline, Oxytetracycline, Chlortetracycline, Minocycline, Doxycycline
Quality assurance unit 5.pdf
In a welcome move, the Pharmacy Council of India has recently re-structured the syllabus of the
Bachelor of Pharmacy course. In the effort to make the content more relevant to the practice of
pharmacy in its current form, we now find new, important subjects introduced, and Pharmaceutical
Quality Assurance is one of them.
Quality Control Unit 3
Quality Control test for containers, rubber closures and secondary packing materials.
Expt 5- To determine the drug effect on gastrointestinal motility in rat/guin...
To determine the drug effect on gastrointestinal motility in rat/guinea pig/ rabbit.
Hypersentivity reactions
hyper-sensitivity reactions
immune system
immunodeficiency
autoimmunity
types
antibody mediated
cell mediated
mechanism of action
Expt. 1 Bioassay of serotonin using rat fundus strip by three point bioassay
Objective
Principle
Requirements
Experimental specifications (conditions)
Preparation of serotonin stock solution
Preparation of Krebs solution (PSS)
Procedure
Kymograph recording of contractions
Observation table
Calculation
Result and interpretation
Pharmacotherapy of shock
A PowerPoint presentation on " Pharmacotherapy of Shock" suitable for Undergraduate medical students
Rcm harit sanjivani training presentation
This Presentation useful for RCM system leader for agriculture training program
Expt. 10 effect of spasmogens and spasmolytics using rabbit jejunum
Overview of Discussion
Objective
Principle
Requirements
Experimental specifications (conditions)
Drugs and solutions used in rabbit intestine experiment
Preparation of Tyrode solution (PSS)
Procedure
Kymograph recording of contractions
Observation table
Result and interpretation
Anti amoebic drug
detail study of anti-amoebic drug i.e.life cycle of entamobia histolytica,classification and all drugs
Levocetirizine
A short presentation I gave for my medical school pharmacology. A little rough in places, but I really just wanted to try this service.
Expt. 5 Bioassay of oxytocin using rat uterine horn by interpolation method
Objective
Principle
Requirements
Experimental specifications (conditions)
Preparation of oxytocin standard solution
Preparation of De Jalon solution (PSS)
Procedure
Kymograph recording of contractions
Observation table
Graphical presentation of DRC
Calculation
Result and interpretation
Shampoo formualtion and evaluation test (cosmetics)
A shampoo not only provides the cleaning of the scalp skin and hair as its primary function, but in addition also serves to condition and beautify hair and acts as an adjunct in the management of various scalp disorders.
Shampoo helps water remove dirt, debris, and odors, such as smoke or sweat effectively. Shampoos can also remove oil. The hair gets its oil from sebaceous glands that secrete oil called sebum, which keeps the hair moisturized.
creams formualtion and evaluation test (cosmetics)
Cold cream is an emulsion of water and certain fats, usually including beeswax and various scent agents, designed to smooth skin and remove makeup. Cold cream is an emulsion of water in a larger amount of oil, unlike the oil in water emulsion of vanishing cream, so-called because it seems to disappear when applied on skin.
More Related Content
What's hot
Quality assurance unit 5.pdf
In a welcome move, the Pharmacy Council of India has recently re-structured the syllabus of the
Bachelor of Pharmacy course. In the effort to make the content more relevant to the practice of
pharmacy in its current form, we now find new, important subjects introduced, and Pharmaceutical
Quality Assurance is one of them.
Quality Control Unit 3
Quality Control test for containers, rubber closures and secondary packing materials.
Expt 5- To determine the drug effect on gastrointestinal motility in rat/guin...
To determine the drug effect on gastrointestinal motility in rat/guinea pig/ rabbit.
Hypersentivity reactions
hyper-sensitivity reactions
immune system
immunodeficiency
autoimmunity
types
antibody mediated
cell mediated
mechanism of action
Expt. 1 Bioassay of serotonin using rat fundus strip by three point bioassay
Objective
Principle
Requirements
Experimental specifications (conditions)
Preparation of serotonin stock solution
Preparation of Krebs solution (PSS)
Procedure
Kymograph recording of contractions
Observation table
Calculation
Result and interpretation
Pharmacotherapy of shock
A PowerPoint presentation on " Pharmacotherapy of Shock" suitable for Undergraduate medical students
Rcm harit sanjivani training presentation
This Presentation useful for RCM system leader for agriculture training program
Expt. 10 effect of spasmogens and spasmolytics using rabbit jejunum
Overview of Discussion
Objective
Principle
Requirements
Experimental specifications (conditions)
Drugs and solutions used in rabbit intestine experiment
Preparation of Tyrode solution (PSS)
Procedure
Kymograph recording of contractions
Observation table
Result and interpretation
Anti amoebic drug
detail study of anti-amoebic drug i.e.life cycle of entamobia histolytica,classification and all drugs
Levocetirizine
A short presentation I gave for my medical school pharmacology. A little rough in places, but I really just wanted to try this service.
Expt. 5 Bioassay of oxytocin using rat uterine horn by interpolation method
Objective
Principle
Requirements
Experimental specifications (conditions)
Preparation of oxytocin standard solution
Preparation of De Jalon solution (PSS)
Procedure
Kymograph recording of contractions
Observation table
Graphical presentation of DRC
Calculation
Result and interpretation
What's hot (20)
Expt 5- To determine the drug effect on gastrointestinal motility in rat/guin...
Expt 5- To determine the drug effect on gastrointestinal motility in rat/guin...
Expt. 1 Bioassay of serotonin using rat fundus strip by three point bioassay
Expt. 1 Bioassay of serotonin using rat fundus strip by three point bioassay
Expt. 10 effect of spasmogens and spasmolytics using rabbit jejunum
Expt. 10 effect of spasmogens and spasmolytics using rabbit jejunum
Effects of contracting and relaxing drugs on the digestive system
Effects of contracting and relaxing drugs on the digestive system
Expt. 5 Bioassay of oxytocin using rat uterine horn by interpolation method
Expt. 5 Bioassay of oxytocin using rat uterine horn by interpolation method
More from UditiHanda
Shampoo formualtion and evaluation test (cosmetics)
A shampoo not only provides the cleaning of the scalp skin and hair as its primary function, but in addition also serves to condition and beautify hair and acts as an adjunct in the management of various scalp disorders.
Shampoo helps water remove dirt, debris, and odors, such as smoke or sweat effectively. Shampoos can also remove oil. The hair gets its oil from sebaceous glands that secrete oil called sebum, which keeps the hair moisturized.
creams formualtion and evaluation test (cosmetics)
Cold cream is an emulsion of water and certain fats, usually including beeswax and various scent agents, designed to smooth skin and remove makeup. Cold cream is an emulsion of water in a larger amount of oil, unlike the oil in water emulsion of vanishing cream, so-called because it seems to disappear when applied on skin.
Anti-depressant Drugs for Pharmacology.pptx
anti-depressant drugs and classification, mechanism of action, pharmacological action, dose, indications, contraindication, and adverse effect.
Nsaids.pptx
introduction of NSAIDS with classification and mechanism of action and pharmacological action
Interferon & Hepatitis-B vaccine production.pptx
Interferon & Hepatitis-B vaccine production through rDNA technology along with introduction, mechanism of action, application and utilization
ophthalmic preparation & evaluation test.pptx
Ophthalmic preparations are specialized dosage forms designed to be instilled onto the external surface of the eye (topical), administered inside the eye (intraocular) or adjacent to it (periocular, e.g., juxtascleral or subtenon), or used in conjunction with an ophthalmic device. An ophthalmic formulation may take the form of a solution, a suspension, an ointment or an emulsion. One of the most popular forms of opthalmic formulation is the topical instillation: a solution that enables the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) to be administered directly onto the surface of the eye.he different categories of ophthalmic preparations include drops consisting of emulsions, solutions or suspensions, and ointments.The most common active ingredients include polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, propylene glycol, carboxymethylcellulose, povidone, glycerine, and mineral oil. This list of eye drops is designed to help you make informed choices about the safest and best ingredients for you.ince tear fluid has a very low buffering capacity, ophthalmic formulations contain excipients that maintain a pH range of 4.75 to 7.40.Eye emergencies include cuts, scratches, objects in the eye, burns, chemical exposure, and blunt injuries to the eye or eyelid.These are the six main properties of ophthalmic preparations: Sterility, Preservation, Particle Limitations, pH, Stability, and Eye comfort. The main requirement is sterility, it is very important to make sure that medications applied to the eye should be sterile.Products that are designed for ophthalmic use are sterile, meaning that they are free of germs, as long as they are not open. Once open, they are at higher risk of becoming contaminated. In addition, improper storage or exposure to less-than-ideal conditions can have an impact on their quality.The 5 Most Common Eye Problems
Cataracts.
Diabetic Retinopathy.
Macular Degeneration.
Refractive Errors.
Glaucoma.
The most commonly used preservative in eye drops is called benzalkonium chloride (BAK). This preservative can induce corneal and conjunctival epithelial cell death, damage to the corneal nerves, delay corneal wound healing, interfere with tear film stability, and cause loss of goblet cells.
The supraorbital artery is also a branch of the ophthalmic artery and passes through the supraorbital foramen to supply the skin of the forehead and Levator palpebrae muscle. Other branches of the ophthalmic artery include the ethmoid arteries, medial palpebral vessels, and terminal branches.
They are classified by their active ingredient and they include: prostaglandin analogs, beta blockers, alpha agonists, and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. There are also combination drugs available for those patients who require more than one type of medication.
Ophthalmic drug forms have been one of the most important and widely developed areas of pharmaceutical technology for dozens of years. The main reason of continuingly strong interest of scientists.
Serum dvts-Blood Products & antitoxin
Serum dvts
anti serum
Blood Products
antitoxin
types of antitoxin
antivenom
Rheology
Rheology concept
Importance
Applications
Viscosity
Types of flow of liquids
Newtonian flow
Non- Newtonian flow
Plastic flow
Dilatant Flow
Thixotropy
Negative Thixotropy
Hybridoma technology
monoclonal antibodies
Hybridoma technology
nomenclature of monoclonal antibodies
applications
Immunoglobulins and Immune system
Immune System
Immunoglobulins
Structure & types
Complementary system & mechanism
Genetic engineering
genetic engineering
chemical engineering
types of cloning vectors
restriction enzyme
DNA ligase
rDNA technology
applications
Lipsticks formulation
lipstick formulation
history of lipstick
definition
ideal properties
composition of lipsticks
ingredients used in lipsticks
method of preparation
manufacturing process of lipsticks
labeling and packaging
defects in lipsticks
evaluation test of lipsticks
medicated lipsticks
microbial testing
advantages of lipsticks
Preformulation Studies Experiment no. 1
Demonstrated experiment
Fundamental Preformulation Studies
organoleptic properties
melting point determination
capillary method
lambda max. determination
maximum wavelength
calibration curve
regression coefficient
Straight line equation
solubility determination
shake flask method
UV spectroscopy
percentage purity test
graph between concentration & Absorbance
Topic tablet coating
Tablet coating
Sugar coating & its Steps involved for preparation
Film Coating
Enteric Coating
Equipment's used in tablet coating
Types of coating
Raw materials used in coating
Film coating machine
perforated coating pan
Fluidized bed coater
Problems of Film coating
Solution to resolve the film defects
tablet evaluation test
official tests
physical appearances
content uniformity
disintegration
dissolution
Unofficial test
hardness test
friability test
different types of hardness tester
Ch pellets
Pellets and Pelletization Techniques
pellets features
need of pellets
advantages
disadvantages
therapeutic advantages
excipients used in pellets
methods of pelletization
agitation method
extrusion spheronization
layering method
fluid bed granulation
globulation method
cryopeletization
spheronization process
characterization of pellets
marketed products
Ch 5 microbiology
microbiology
importance of microbiology
kingdom classification
bacteria
bacteria shapes and its types
viruses and classification
different between algae and fungi
structure of bacteria, virus and fungi
microorganism transmitted diseases
pathogen
diseases
infection
Ch capsules
capsules dosage form
Types of Capsules
hard gelatin capsules
soft gelatin capsules
properties of capsules
advantages and disadvantages
types of gelatin
manufacturing of gelatin
capsules filling machines
filling machines principles
numbers of capsules and their size
filling of hard gelatin capsules
different shapes of soft gelatin capsules
manufacturing of soft gelatin capsules
evaluation test of capsules dosage form
More from UditiHanda (20)
Shampoo formualtion and evaluation test (cosmetics)
Shampoo formualtion and evaluation test (cosmetics)
creams formualtion and evaluation test (cosmetics)
creams formualtion and evaluation test (cosmetics)
Blotting techniques and its types with applications.pptx
Blotting techniques and its types with applications.pptx
Recently uploaded
Ocular injury ppt Upendra pal optometrist upums saifai etawah
This ppt are composed by upendra pal to provide help future optometrist of india
A Classical Text Review on Basavarajeeyam
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
Role of Mukta Pishti in the Management of Hyperthyroidism
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
The Electrocardiogram - Physiologic Principles
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Physiology of Chemical Sensation of smell.pdf
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion
Here is the updated list of Top Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion and those are Gas-O-Go Syp for Dyspepsia | Lavizyme Syrup for Acidity | Yumzyme Hepatoprotective Capsules etc
KDIGO 2024 guidelines for diabetologists
KDIGO guidelines 2024 for evaluation and management of CKD, related to diabetes and management of diabetic kidney disease
CDSCO and Phamacovigilance {Regulatory body in India}
The Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) is India's national regulatory body for pharmaceuticals and medical devices. Operating under the Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, the CDSCO is responsible for approving new drugs, conducting clinical trials, setting standards for drugs, controlling the quality of imported drugs, and coordinating the activities of State Drug Control Organizations by providing expert advice.
Pharmacovigilance, on the other hand, is the science and activities related to the detection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of adverse effects or any other drug-related problems. The primary aim of pharmacovigilance is to ensure the safety and efficacy of medicines, thereby protecting public health.
In India, pharmacovigilance activities are monitored by the Pharmacovigilance Programme of India (PvPI), which works closely with CDSCO to collect, analyze, and act upon data regarding adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Together, they play a critical role in ensuring that the benefits of drugs outweigh their risks, maintaining high standards of patient safety, and promoting the rational use of medicines.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control program
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Pharma Pcd Franchise in Jharkhand - Yodley Lifesciences
Join Monopoly Pharma PCD Franchise in Jharkhand :Ranchi, Jamshedpur, Dhanbad, Bokaro Steel City, Hazaribagh, Deoghar, Giridih, etc.
Basavarajeeyam - Ayurvedic heritage book of Andhra pradesh
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
Adv. biopharm. APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS
MIP 201T & MPH 202T
ADVANCED BIOPHARMACEUTICS & PHARMACOKINETICS : UNIT 5
APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS By - AKANKSHA ASHTANKAR
Physiology of Special Chemical Sensation of Taste
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
Light House Retreats: Plant Medicine Retreat Europe
Our aim is to organise conscious gatherings and retreats for open and inquisitive minds and souls, with and without the assistance of sacred plants.
Recently uploaded (20)
Ocular injury ppt Upendra pal optometrist upums saifai etawah
Ocular injury ppt Upendra pal optometrist upums saifai etawah
Role of Mukta Pishti in the Management of Hyperthyroidism
Role of Mukta Pishti in the Management of Hyperthyroidism
CDSCO and Phamacovigilance {Regulatory body in India}
CDSCO and Phamacovigilance {Regulatory body in India}
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control program
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control program
Pharma Pcd Franchise in Jharkhand - Yodley Lifesciences
Pharma Pcd Franchise in Jharkhand - Yodley Lifesciences
Basavarajeeyam - Ayurvedic heritage book of Andhra pradesh
Basavarajeeyam - Ayurvedic heritage book of Andhra pradesh
Adv. biopharm. APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS
Adv. biopharm. APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...
Light House Retreats: Plant Medicine Retreat Europe
Light House Retreats: Plant Medicine Retreat Europe